https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/intro-child-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/235.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the ProTrainings Blended Paediatric First Aid Course Course Overview This course is ideal for professionals in early years settings such as childminders, playgroups, or nursery staff, meeting the requirements of OFSTED. Blended Format: Complete the online course followed by one day in the classroom. If you need assistance finding a practical session, please contact us. Course Features Watch videos, answer knowledge review questions, and take a completion test. Flexible Learning: Start and stop as needed, resume where you left off. Viewable on any device for convenience. Pin Video Feature: Keep video at the top of your screen while reading. Supportive Materials: Text and subtitles available for deeper understanding. Get additional help if needed. Upon Completion: Print your completion certificate, certified CPD statement, and evidenced-based learning statement. Validate certificate via QR code. Access resources and links from the course homepage. Course Access: 8 months from start date, even after passing. Free Company Dashboards: Contact us for information on company training solutions. Comprehensive Support: Assistance throughout your training. Stay Updated: Weekly emails with course updates, blog news - manage preferences anytime. We hope you enjoy your course experience and thank you for choosing ProTrainings. Good luck! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/417/course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 150 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/types-of-bleeding-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/112.mp4 Types of Bleed Managing Different Types of Bleeding 1. Capillary Bleeding Capillary bleeding occurs in superficial abrasion wounds and usually stops in a few minutes. If needed, bandage the wound, avoiding adhesive contact with the abrasion. 2. Venous Bleeding Venous bleeding, while not as severe as arterial bleeding, involves steady oozing of dark red blood. Follow these steps: Apply direct pressure with a bandage or gloved hand. Do not lift the bandage to check for clotting; lift your hand to inspect for blood seepage. If necessary, have the patient hold the dressing in place. Use roller gauze to secure the bandage, starting at the distal end (away from the heart). If bleeding persists, activate EMS. 3. Arterial Bleeding Arterial bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that may pulsate or spurt. Follow these steps: Apply direct pressure with a dressing. If blood seeps through, remove and dispose of the old dressing, and add a new dressing over the injury. If significant bleeding continues, consider removing all dressings and reapplying. Use your judgment to determine if additional pressure is needed. If there are no bone fractures or spinal cord injuries, elevate the wound above the heart. Secure the dressing with roller gauze, starting at the distal end and working towards the heart. You can twist the gauze for added pressure. Check for any blood seepage and ensure the bandage is not causing a tourniquet effect. Elevate the wound, and either call EMS or transport the patient to the nearest hospital. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/177/Types_of_Bleed-01.jpg Yes 125 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/secondary-care-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/175.mp4 Secondary Care Introduction Secondary Care in First Aid: Understanding Illnesses and Injuries Introduction to Secondary Care Secondary care involves managing illnesses and injuries that, while potentially life-threatening, usually allow more time for action. It can be categorised into two sections: Illness and Injury. Illnesses An illness is an unhealthy condition of the body. Examples include: Asthma Diabetes Epilepsy Angina When providing first aid, the illness may be new to the patient or an existing condition. Understanding the symptoms and appropriate responses is crucial. Injuries An injury is defined as physical harm to the body. Common injuries include: Fractures Head injuries Eye injuries Wounds of any kind In cases of injury, assess the situation and decide whether to call emergency services. Sometimes the need will be obvious; at other times, you must use your judgement. Decision Making in Secondary Care This course covers common conditions you are likely to encounter. If you face an unfamiliar situation, remain calm and gather as much information as possible about the patient's condition. Your main role is to: Prevent the person from getting worse Promote their recovery Get professional help when needed, as soon as possible Conclusion Understanding secondary care in first aid is essential for effectively managing illnesses and injuries. Stay calm, be informed, and prioritise the patient's well-being until professional help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/303/Secondary_Care_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/paediatric-diabetic-emergencies https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/240.mp4 Diabetes overview Diabetes Explained: An Overview of the Growing Concern Diabetes arises when the body struggles to convert sugars into fuel, a result of insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin function. With its roots in modern lifestyle and dietary choices, the condition is seeing a significant surge in the UK. The Role of Insulin and Glucose Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is pivotal for converting glucose from carbohydrates into energy. Acting as a key, insulin allows glucose to enter cells. Carbohydrates, the primary source of glucose, are derived from varied foods including starches, fruits, dairy, and sugary foods. Diabetes in the UK: A Snapshot An alarming 25 million people in the UK are diabetic, with over half a million unaware of their condition. Main Types of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Characterised by the body's inability to produce insulin. Typically manifests before age 14. Represents 5% to 15% of diabetic cases. Common symptoms include extreme thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and blurred vision. Prevention is currently impossible. Type 2 Diabetes Arises when insulin production is inadequate or when produced insulin doesn’t function correctly (insulin resistance). Commonly associated with obesity. Typically seen in those over 40, but appearing in younger demographics, especially in South Asian and Afro-Caribbean populations. Constitutes 85% to 95% of all diabetes cases. Symptoms include blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, frequent urination, and leg pain. Managing Diabetes: Treatments and Complications With appropriate management via insulin, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle changes, diabetes can be well-controlled. However, complications can arise, primarily being hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia Condition of excessively high blood sugar levels. Immediate medical attention is required. In unconscious cases, position the patient safely and monitor their vitals. Symptoms include frequent urination, drowsiness, extreme hunger, and a fruity breath odour. Hypoglycaemia Occurs when blood sugar levels plummet. Immediate provision of sugar, through food or tablets, often stabilises the patient. Common symptoms are shaking, sweating, anxiety, extreme hunger, and irritability. Uncertain Sugar Levels: What to Do? If in doubt regarding a patient's blood sugar levels, it's advisable to administer sugar. This can raise levels if they're low without causing harm if they're high. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/427/Diabetes_overview-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/fears-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/97.mp4 Fears of First Aid Addressing Common Fears in First Aid Training People attending first aid training often express initial reluctance due to various fears and concerns. Addressing these fears and demonstrating how they can be easily managed makes the training more enjoyable and understandable. Fear of Infection Some participants worry about coming into contact with blood, vomit, or other bodily fluids. First aid training teaches the effective use of barriers such as gloves and face shields to protect first aiders from infections like HIV or Hepatitis. Fear of Doing Harm The fear of doing something wrong or hurting the patient is common, especially when delivering chest compressions during CPR. It is important to remember that a non-breathing patient with no heartbeat is already in a critical state, and CPR can only help. The most harm would come from not performing chest compressions at all. Your training will help you respond appropriately to various situations. Fear of Litigation Concerns about potential litigation can be addressed through proper training. If you always ask for permission to help, follow the rules and workplace policies, and act within the boundaries of your training, the likelihood of being sued is low. Fear for Personal Safety First aiders should prioritize their own safety to avoid becoming patients themselves. Training emphasises the importance of always stopping, thinking, and then acting before approaching any emergency situation. This includes using scene safety measures to ensure your well-being. By addressing these fears in first aid training, participants can gain confidence and be better prepared to handle emergencies effectively and safely. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/147/Fears_of_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/scene-safety-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/101.mp4 Scene Safety Ensuring Scene Safety: A Crucial Step Understanding the Situation Before taking any action, it's vital to assess the safety of the scene. In this simulated scenario, let's consider a car accident: Initial Caution: Avoid rushing in immediately. Survey the scene for potential hazards and dangers. Multiple Factors: For a car accident, assess the presence of other vehicles, bystanders, and the number of individuals involved. Risk Assessment: Perform a swift risk evaluation, considering various elements. Understanding the Vehicle When approaching a vehicle, be alert to specific risks and potential dangers: Fluid Presence: Check for any spilled fluids, such as water, oil, petrol, or diesel, as they may pose a fire hazard. Glass Hazards: Be cautious of broken glass resulting from the accident. Cargo Inspection: If it's a van or similar vehicle, consider what it may be carrying, especially chemicals or gas. Safe Approach Remember the mantra: Stop, Think, Act. Maintain a strategic approach to ensure safety while offering assistance: Engage From the Front: When communicating with the injured party, approach from the front to prevent unnecessary head movement. Establish Identity: Clearly introduce yourself: "I'm Keith, a first aider. Can I help you?" Maintain communication from a distance during the assessment phase. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Don gloves as a precaution before moving closer to the patient. Ensuring Head Stability When approaching the vehicle, be mindful of potential spinal injuries: Control Head Movement: Politely instruct the individual to keep their head still. This step is especially important in suspected spinal injury cases. Effective Communication Engage in a dialogue with the injured party while maintaining vigilance for any evolving dangers: Gathering Information: Ask pertinent questions such as "Are you alone? Is there anyone else in the vehicle? Are there any hazardous materials in the vehicle?" Comfort and Reassurance: A compassionate and informative approach helps ease the patient's anxiety. Calling for Assistance If the scene reveals minor injuries or conditions you can't manage, promptly activate the appropriate emergency services: Clear Reporting: Clearly communicate the nature of the situation to the emergency services dispatcher. Request Assistance: Depending on the circumstances, request an ambulance, police, or other relevant services as needed. Conclusion These safety procedures apply to various scenarios, whether involving adults in car accidents or children requiring assistance. Prioritising scene safety ensures effective care delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/155/Scene_Safety-01.jpg Yes 285 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/abcds-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/95.mp4 DRcABCDE approach The DRcABCDE Approach: A Structured Method for Emergency Patient Assessment The DRcABCDE approach is a clear, structured method used to assess, prioritise, and treat any patient in an emergency situation. It ensures that the most immediately life-threatening problems are identified and managed first. Current guidelines continue to emphasise that DRcABCDE must be used on every unwell or injured patient, from minor illness to major trauma. What Does DRcABCDE Stand For? The sequence is designed around what will kill the casualty first if not treated: Danger Response Catastrophic Bleeding Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure D – Danger Before approaching the casualty, stop and check for danger. Ensure your safety, the casualty’s safety, and the safety of others Look for hazards such as traffic, electricity, fire, violence, sharp objects, or unstable structures If the scene is unsafe, do not enter. You cannot help if you become the next casualty. R – Response Check whether the casualty is responsive: Speak clearly: “Can you hear me? Are you alright?” If there is no response, apply a gentle shoulder tap This helps assess their level of consciousness and whether urgent help is needed. If the casualty is unresponsive or responding poorly, call emergency services immediately and put your phone on speaker. c – Catastrophic Bleeding Catastrophic bleeding is managed before the airway. If you identify severe, life-threatening bleeding, control it immediately. There is no benefit in CPR if blood is rapidly leaving the body. Apply direct pressure Use a haemostatic dressing if available Apply a tourniquet when appropriate Uncontrolled blood loss can be fatal within minutes, making this an absolute priority. A – Airway Once catastrophic bleeding is controlled, open and check the airway. Use a head tilt and chin lift if no spinal injury is suspected Use a jaw thrust if spinal trauma is suspected Remove visible obstructions only — never perform blind finger sweeps A clear airway is essential. Without it, breathing cannot occur and oxygen cannot reach the brain. B – Breathing Assess breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for up to 10 seconds. If not breathing normally or only gasping, start CPR immediately and send for an AED If breathing is present, assess the rate, depth, and effort Look for: Chest rise and symmetry Wheezing or abnormal sounds Signs of respiratory distress or chest injury C – Circulation Check circulation and look for signs of shock. Pale, cold, or clammy skin Rapid pulse Ongoing bleeding Reduced level of consciousness In cardiac arrest, do not waste time checking for a pulse. In breathing casualties, a quick pulse check can help assess circulation. Treat shock early: Lay the casualty flat Keep them warm Treat the underlying cause D – Disability This stage assesses neurological status. Use the AVPU scale: A – Alert V – Responds to Voice P – Responds to Pain U – Unresponsive Also check for: Pupil changes Confusion or agitation Seizures Signs of head injury Consider low blood glucose as a reversible cause where appropriate. E – Exposure Fully expose the casualty to identify any hidden injuries, while maintaining dignity. Look for wounds, burns, swelling, rashes, or bleeding Check for medical alert jewellery or tags Prevent heat loss and monitor for hypothermia. Cover the casualty again as soon as possible. Why the DRcABCDE Approach Works The DRcABCDE approach is effective because it is simple, structured, and prioritises immediate threats to life. This assessment must be repeated continuously. As the casualty’s condition changes, your actions must adapt. Using DRcABCDE helps you stay calm, organised, and focused, giving every casualty the best possible chance of survival and recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/143/DRcABCDE.jpg Yes 276 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/rice-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/182.mp4 Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure Dealing with Strains, Sprains, and Muscle Tears: First Aid Understanding Common Injuries Strain: Occurs when a muscle is stretched or torn, often involving tendon damage. Symptoms include bruising, swelling, and pain. Sprain: Involves stretching or tearing of ligaments, commonly seen in the ankle due to sudden joint wrenching. Damages surrounding tissues. Muscle Tear: Such as hamstring injuries in the leg, involve torn muscle fibers, resulting in severe pain and swelling. First Aid Treatment: RICE Method Whether it's a strain or sprain, the initial first aid treatment is the same, focusing on reducing swelling and pain. RICE Method: R - Rest: Help the person sit or lie down comfortably, supporting the injured limb. I - Ice: Apply a cold compress like an ice pack (wrapped in cloth) to reduce swelling. C - Comfortable Support: Apply soft padding and use a conforming or crepe bandage to secure the cold compress gently. Monitor circulation every 10 minutes. E - Elevate: Raise the injured limb using pillows, a bag, or a chair to further reduce swelling. Note: Do not apply ice or cold packs directly to the skin to prevent burns. Moving the Injured Person Considerations for Moving: In the case of a wrist or arm injury, you can usually place the arm in a horizontal sling and assist the person in moving once initial treatment is provided. Be cautious, as they may feel faint or experience significant pain. Help them stand up gradually. For leg or ankle injuries, moving the person can be challenging, and you may need to call for assistance. Ensure they avoid putting weight on the affected area, as swelling and pain can worsen when the limb is no longer elevated. If necessary, assist them in hopping to safety or stay with them until professional help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/315/Strains_and_Sprains_and_the_RICE_procedure-01.jpg Yes 216 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/infant-choking-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/172.mp4 Infant Choking How to Respond When an Infant is Choking Choking is a critical emergency, especially in infants, requiring swift and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes. Understanding Choking in Infants Infants are more prone to choking on food or small objects. Quick action is essential in these situations to ensure their safety. Mild vs. Severe Choking Mild Obstruction: Some air passage remains, and the infant can cough. Severe Obstruction: Airway is completely blocked, preventing breathing, crying, or coughing. Immediate Actions for Severe Choking Follow these steps carefully to assist a choking infant: Step 1: Back Blows Lay the infant face down along your thigh while sitting. Support their head with one hand. With the heel of your other hand, give up to five firm back-blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows for any dislodged obstruction. Step 2: Checking the Mouth Turn the infant over and lay them on your leg face-up to inspect their mouth: Remove visible obstructions carefully. Avoid blind finger sweeps. Step 3: Chest Thrusts While the infant is still lying face-up on your leg, locate the breastbone. Perform up to five chest thrusts using two thumbs with your hands around the chest, pressing inwards and downwards. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the obstruction remains. If the Infant Becomes Unconscious Immediately check for breathing and prepare to start CPR if there is no breath. Call Emergency Services or have someone call them if not done already. Conclusion Being prepared to act in a choking emergency can save an infant's life. Practice and familiarity with these procedures can make a critical difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/297/infant_choking.jpg Yes 231 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/illness-assessment-child https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/238.mp4 Illness Assessment for Children and SAMPLE Illness Assessment: Using the S.A.M.P.L.E.S. Method Understanding Illness Assessment Illness refers to an unhealthy condition of the body, ranging from mild discomfort to serious medical conditions. The S.A.M.P.L.E.S. Method The mnemonic S.A.M.P.L.E.S. guides the assessment process: S - Signs and Symptoms: Look for signs like temperature, skin colour, and pulse rate. Ask about symptoms such as nausea, pain, or discomfort. A - Allergies: Inquire about allergies to food, stings, medications, etc. M - Medication: Ask about current medications or recent intake. P - Pre-existing Medical Conditions: Determine if there are underlying conditions like diabetes, asthma, angina, or anaphylaxis. L - Last Meal: Find out when the patient last ate and what they consumed, which can provide clues about their current condition. E - Events: Understand the events leading up to the illness, which can help in identifying potential causes or triggers. S - Sample Pulse and Respiration: Check the pulse and respiration to assess vital signs: Find the radial pulse and count beats in 30 seconds, noting strength, rapidity, or irregularity. Count breaths in 30 seconds without letting the patient know you are counting, to avoid altering their breathing pattern. Normal adult pulse: 60-90 beats per minute; normal adult respiration: 12-20 breaths per minute. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/423/Illness_Assessment_for_Children_and_SAMPLE-01.jpg Yes 219 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/serious-bleeding-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/113.mp4 Serious Bleeding and Bandaging Controlling Bleeding: First Aid Guidance Understanding Bleeding Bleeding Sources: Injuries can lead to bleeding from various body parts, posing a life-threatening and distressing situation for both the patient and the first aider. Staying Calm and Taking Action Maintain Composure: When faced with bleeding, remain calm and rely on your training, as it may appear worse than it is. First Step: Ensure you are wearing gloves, as with all first aid procedures. Controlling Serious Bleeding Direct Pressure: The initial approach to control serious bleeding is applying direct pressure. This can be done by the patient or with your gloved hand, which aids in blood clotting. Pressure Bandage: For cuts, consider using a sterile pressure bandage. Check the dressing's expiry date and, if expired, use it only if no other option is available. Opening the Dressing: Tear open the packet to access the bandage with a gauze pad. Avoid removing embedded objects from the wound. Applying the Dressing Immediate Action: If possible, ask the patient to apply direct pressure with a sterile gauze pad while you put on gloves. Patient Position: Seat or lay the patient down, minimizing the risk of injury in case of fainting. Calling for Help: If the bleeding is severe, instruct a bystander to call for an ambulance. If alone, make the call after dressing application. Proper Dressing Application: Apply the dressing distally (away from the heart) towards the body, maintaining enough pressure to stop bleeding without obstructing circulation. Leakage: If blood seeps through the first dressing, remove it, assess the wound, and apply a fresh dressing. This indicates a serious bleed requiring immediate medical assistance. Arm Sling: Once bleeding is stable, immobilize the arm using a sling if applicable. Circulation Check Monitoring: After dressing application, check circulation by testing for capillary refill, especially if the dressing is on an arm. General Bleeding Cases Body Cuts: Similar procedures apply to any other type of cut. Use a dressing pad for direct pressure or secure it with a bandage if possible. Addressing Shock Shock Concern: In cases of serious bleeding, watch for signs of shock. If shock occurs, lay the patient down and elevate their legs if feasible. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/179/Serious_Bleeding_and_Bandaging-01.jpg Yes 173 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/febrile-convulsions-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/177.mp4 Febrile convulsions Febrile Convulsions in Children Overview Febrile convulsions are seizures that can occur in children with high temperatures. They are typically seen in children between 6 months and 6 years old. Causes Febrile Illnesses: Febrile convulsions often accompany illnesses causing high temperatures, such as flu or ear infections. Vaccinations: Convulsions may occur 8 - 14 days after certain vaccinations, though they are more commonly associated with the measles virus itself. Symptoms Appearance: Hot and flushed skin, dazed or confused, may lose consciousness. Muscle Symptoms: Muscle tightening, twitching, shaking, arching of the back, clenched fists. Other Symptoms: May stop breathing briefly, loss of bladder or bowel control, sweating. Patient Care Safety Measures: Place the child on a flat surface, clear the area around them, and pad with towels to prevent injury. Loosen Clothing: Ensure clothing is loose, especially around the neck. Do Not Restrict: Do not restrain the child's movements. Protect Airways: Do not insert anything into the mouth; clear vomit or food from the vicinity. Cooling: Cool the room, loosen clothing, but do not sponge or bathe the child. Recovery Position: Place the child in the recovery position. Medication: Administer paracetamol as directed to lower temperature; avoid ibuprofen for children under six months. Monitor Vital Signs: Keep track of the child's vital signs and report any concerns to a doctor. Emergency Action Activate emergency medical services (EMS) if: The child's condition does not improve after the convulsion. The seizure is focused on one part of the body. Breathing difficulties occur or the seizure lasts more than 15 minutes. Another seizure follows shortly after the first. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/305/Febrile_convulsions-01.jpg Yes 295 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/other-injuries-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/292.mp4 Other Types of Injury Types of Injuries and First Aid Procedures 1. Contusion A contusion, often referred to as a bruise or the result of a blunt blow, can vary in appearance due to individual differences. For instance, the elderly or young individuals may bruise more easily. First Aid: Applying a cold compress can help alleviate pain, reduce blood flow, and minimize swelling. 2. Abrasion An abrasion is characterized by a scrape to the skin, usually considered a minor injury. In many cases, rinsing the affected area with clean water or a saline solution may suffice. First Aid: Since it typically involves small capillary cuts and minimal skin removal, covering the area may not be necessary, as bleeding often stops quickly. 3. Laceration Lacerations are rough tears in the skin, often occurring in scenarios like catching one's hand on barbed wire. They can be serious and require treatment similar to that for serious bleeding. 4. Incision An incision refers to a clean cut, which can be caused by, for example, a knife. Depending on the location and depth of the cut, incisions can be serious and even life-threatening. 5. Puncture Puncture wounds involve objects piercing directly into the skin, such as stab wounds. These can also be serious, and treatment should follow the guidelines for serious bleeding. If the object remains in the body, leave it in place and bandage around it. 6. Velocity Velocity injuries occur when an object passes through the body, as in gunshot wounds. This type of injury is severe and is treated as a case of serious bleeding. The extent of damage may not be immediately apparent, so prompt medical assistance is crucial. 7. Amputation Amputation involves the removal of a body part, whether it's a finger, wrist, or leg. The severity of this condition varies depending on the affected body part. First aid includes keeping the patient calm, addressing shock, and treating for serious bleeding. Notify emergency medical services (EMS) and handle the severed body part by wrapping it in cling film or a plastic bag, followed by gauze or soft fabric. Place it in a container of ice, ensuring direct contact with ice is avoided. Label the container with the accident time and provide it to the EMS team. 8. De-gloving De-gloving occurs when all the skin is removed from a body part, such as when a ring becomes entangled in machinery. This can be a distressing and severe injury. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/531/Other_Types_of_Injury-01.jpg Yes 165 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/plasters https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/287.mp4 Applying Plasters Guide to Using Plasters for Wound Care Understanding Plasters Plasters provide a simple yet effective means of safeguarding and maintaining the cleanliness of minor injuries. Choosing the Right Plaster Plasters come in various types and sizes, so it's essential to make the correct selection: Types: Waterproof, fabric, or gauze. Quality: Higher-quality plasters offer superior adhesive properties, ensuring better protection in all conditions. Ensuring Sterility Plasters are always sterile and typically found in most first-aid kits. Follow these steps to maintain their cleanliness: Sizes: Available in various shapes and sizes, including round plasters for small wounds and finger-shaped plasters for fingertip injuries. Hygiene: Always wear gloves to prevent contamination and infection. Application Process Here's how to correctly apply a plaster: Inspect: Examine the wound site for cleanliness and suitability. Prepare: Peel back the plaster to expose the adhesive side. Apply: Carefully attach the plaster, removing any remaining backing paper. Secure: Ensure the plaster is firmly in place and that there is no bleeding seeping through. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/521/Applying_plasters.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/permission-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/98.mp4 Asking permission and consent to help Obtaining Consent in First Aid Situations Introduction and Permission When faced with a first aid scenario, it's crucial to follow proper protocol, beginning with a courteous introduction. Always introduce yourself and request the patient's permission to offer assistance. Consent Verification If the patient grants consent, whether through verbal affirmation, a nod, or by extending an injured limb for examination, you are legally authorized to proceed with your assistance. Respecting Patient's Wishes If, however, the patient declines your aid, you must respect their decision and refrain from any form of intervention. In such cases: Emergency Services: If the patient refuses help, promptly contact the emergency services for professional assistance. Refer to Supervisors or Family: Consider involving the patient's supervisor or family members to address their concerns and provide reassurance. Open Communication: Engage in a compassionate conversation with the patient, focusing on comforting and calming them despite your inability to assist directly. Unconscious Patients Even when dealing with an unconscious casualty, the principles of consent still apply. In such instances, consent may be implied as most individuals in this condition would likely accept aid if conscious: Verbal Interaction: Communicate with the unconscious patient as speaking to them can offer comfort. Hearing is often one of the last senses to diminish. Workplace Duty of Care It's important to recognize that in the workplace, as a designated first aider, you may hold a duty of care towards employees or colleagues. In such circumstances, the injured party may be required to seek your assistance: Employee Seeking Help: In situations where you have a duty of care, the casualty may be compelled to approach you for assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/149/ProTrainings-01.jpg Yes 217 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/child-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/170.mp4 Choking in children Dealing with Choking: Adult and Child Types of Obstruction Mild Airway Obstruction: Involves discomfort, potential pain, and distress due to a partial blockage (e.g., fishbone or small object). Severe Airway Obstruction: Represents a complete blockage, preventing breathing, talking, or coughing and may lead to unconsciousness if not addressed. Dealing with Choking on an Adult Assess Breathing: Ask the person if they are choking; if they can talk, they can breathe. Encourage Coughing: Support and keep the person calm, encouraging them to cough to clear the obstruction. Observe the Mouth: If the obstruction is visible, attempt to remove it without inserting fingers deeply into the mouth. Dealing with Choking on a Child Size Considerations: Kneel behind the child due to their smaller size; anticipate distress and the need for forcefulness. Back Blows: Stand behind and to the side of the child, delivering five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand. Abdominal Thrusts: Perform abdominal thrusts by making a fist and placing it between the child's belly button and the bottom of their breastbone; perform five sharp inward and upward pulls with the other hand on top of the fist. Repeat If Necessary: If the obstruction persists, repeat five back blows and five abdominal thrusts, checking each time. Emergency Actions If Obstruction Persists: Continue attempts to clear the obstruction; call emergency services if not done already. Loss of Consciousness: If the child loses consciousness, gently guide them to the floor, avoiding injury; initiate CPR if not breathing. After Successful Removal Assess and Calm: Sit the child down and keep them calm; seek medical attention to check for any injuries resulting from the thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/293/Choking_in_children-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/chain-of-survival-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/94.mp4 Chain of Survival The Chain of Survival: Giving Cardiac Arrest Patients the Best Chance of Survival The Chain of Survival describes the essential steps that give a person in cardiac arrest the best possible chance of surviving and recovering with a good quality of life. Each link in the chain is vital, and every second counts. If any one link is weak or delayed, the chances of survival fall dramatically. When all links are strong, outcomes improve and more people return to their families and communities. Link 1: Early Recognition and Calling for Help The first link focuses on recognising serious illness early and calling for help before cardiac arrest occurs. Early warning signs may include: Sudden collapse Difficulty breathing Chest pain Rapid deterioration or reduced responsiveness If you suspect someone is becoming seriously unwell or unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately. Early activation of emergency medical services (EMS) ensures advanced care is on the way as soon as possible. In some cases, early intervention may even prevent cardiac arrest from happening. Link 2: Early CPR and Defibrillation This link is about preserving the brain and restarting the heart. If a person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, they are in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately High-quality chest compressions maintain blood flow to the brain and vital organs Defibrillation is the next critical step. Early use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically improves survival. Modern AEDs are safe, simple to use, and provide clear voice prompts. The sooner a shock is delivered, the greater the chance of restoring a normal heart rhythm. Link 3: Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care When the heart restarts, this is known as ROSC – Return of Spontaneous Circulation. At this point, care must continue immediately. This stage focuses on optimising brain and heart function and preventing further deterioration. Key priorities include: Maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation Stabilising blood pressure Treating ongoing or recurrent arrhythmias Identifying and correcting reversible causes This phase is critical for protecting the brain, supporting the heart, and reducing the risk of another cardiac arrest. Link 4: Survival and Recovery The final link focuses on restoring quality of life. Survival is not just about restarting the heart. It is about helping the person recover physically, mentally, and emotionally. This stage may involve: Specialist neurological care Rehabilitation and physiotherapy Management of long-term heart or medical conditions Emotional and psychological support Good post-resuscitation care helps patients regain independence and return to a meaningful life after cardiac arrest. Why the Chain of Survival Matters The Chain of Survival highlights that every link matters: Early Recognition and Calling for Help Early CPR and Defibrillation Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care Survival and Recovery When each link is strong, more lives are saved, and more people return to their families and communities with positive long-term outcomes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/141/Chain_of_Survival.jpg Yes 187 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/eye-injuries-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/437.mp4 Eye Injuries Dealing with Eye Injuries: First Aid and Guidelines Types of Eye Injuries Eye injuries encompass a range of scenarios, including: Cuts Impact injuries Foreign objects entering the eye Exposure to chemicals or other substances Immediate Response Act promptly following these steps: Step 1: If the patient wears contact lenses, encourage them to remove them if possible. Step 2: For chemical exposure, wash the eye meticulously. Ensure that the rinsing flows away from the unaffected eye to prevent contamination. Step 3: In chemical incidents, document the substance for reference and relay this information to emergency medical services. Providing a chemical label or datasheet can be helpful. Step 4: Flush the affected eye with a saline solution, an eyewash station, or clean water for a minimum of 20 minutes to ensure complete removal of the substance. Step 5: Remove small particles like grit, sand, or dirt carefully from the eye using the corner of a sterile dressing or a tissue. Eye Examination and Treatment Depending on the injury type: Scratched Eye: If there's suspicion of a scratched eye, consult a medical professional for evaluation. Cuts Around the Eye: Apply a sterile eye pad dressing to control bleeding and provide comfort to the patient. Reassurance: Support and reassure the patient, especially since impaired vision can increase their anxiety. Offer a tissue if there's any blood around the eye. Do Not Cover Ears: When using an eye pad dressing, avoid covering the patient's ears to ensure unimpaired hearing. Eye Movement Restriction: In cases where eye movement could worsen the injury, instruct the patient to cup their hands over both eyes to prevent any motion. Stay with them to provide reassurance until help arrives. Patient Transport: When moving a patient with an eye injury, handle them with care and maintain a reassuring presence. Important Considerations Remember these crucial points when dealing with eye injuries: Do Not Remove Objects: Never attempt to remove objects that have penetrated the eye. Avoid Eye Contact: Refrain from touching or rubbing the injured eye, applying makeup near it, or using contact lenses until recovery. When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention Refer to NHS guidelines for hospital referral: Strong chemical exposure (e.g., oven cleaner or bleach) Penetration of the eye by a sharp object High-speed impact injury to the eye (e.g., power tool or lawnmower accidents) Post-injury changes in eye appearance Headache, high temperature, or light sensitivity Nausea or vomiting following the eye injury Inability to move or open the eye Blood or pus discharge from the eye https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/821/Eye_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/croup https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/423.mp4 Croup Understanding Croup in Children Overview of Croup Croup is an infection affecting the voice box (larynx) and the airway to the lungs (trachea). It is characterised by: Barking cough: Seal-like cough sound. Rasping breathing: Noisy breathing in. Hoarse voice and respiratory distress: Due to upper airway obstruction. Croup primarily affects: Children aged 6 months to 3 years old, though older children can also be affected. Boys more than girls. May recur multiple times during childhood. Management and Treatment Most cases of croup are self-limiting and improve without treatment: If distressed, sit the child upright to ease breathing. Home care: Provide comfort, fluids, and manage fever with paracetamol. Avoid smoke: Smoking and smoky environments can worsen symptoms. Avoid: Cough medicines and decongestants as they offer no benefit. Medication Guidelines For pain and fever management: Use liquid paracetamol for children, avoiding if sensitive or had adverse reactions. Ibuprofen can be used for children over 3 months old, weighing over 5kg, if not sensitive. Consult GP or pharmacist for guidance on painkiller suitability and dosages. When to Seek Medical Help Seek urgent medical assistance if: Child is struggling to breathe - call 999 or request an ambulance. Concerned about child's breathing - consult GP. Hospital Treatment In severe cases: Steroids: Given orally to reduce airway inflammation. Oxygen therapy: Administered to ease breathing. Intravenous fluids: If needed for hydration. Intubation: Rarely required, helps in severe respiratory distress. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/793/Croup-01.jpg Yes 245 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/spinal-recovery https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/428.mp4 Spinal Recovery Position Dealing with Suspected Spinal Injuries: The Importance of the Recovery Position When faced with a patient you suspect has sustained a spinal injury, such as a fall from a tree, especially when you are alone, it's crucial to take immediate steps to ensure their safety while obtaining help. The Dilemma The challenge lies in the balance between seeking assistance and safeguarding the patient. Leaving them on their back could pose risks of choking if they vomit, yet moving them might exacerbate their injury. Teamwork and the Log Roll If there are multiple responders or bystanders, you can assign someone to fetch help or utilize additional hands to safely execute a log roll—a technique to turn the patient without spinal twisting. The Recovery Position: A Solution The recovery position is a viable solution. Contrary to common misconception, when executed slowly and carefully, it allows you to turn someone onto their side without risking spinal damage. It's advisable to practice this skill several times to ensure proficiency. Post-Movement Assessment Once repositioned, promptly check for signs of breathing and ensure their airway remains unobstructed. Maintain communication with the unconscious patient, as they may still hear you, providing a source of reassurance. Afterward, proceed to seek assistance. Vomiting Prevention The recovery position offers protection against choking in case of vomiting, as the patient's airway remains clear. During your absence, if they vomit, they will remain in this safe position. Returning to the Patient Upon your return, reevaluate their breathing status and ensure they stay warm by covering them with a blanket. Maintain a reassuring presence until professional help arrives. When reporting to emergency medical services (EMS), provide a comprehensive account of the situation, including observed signs and any symptoms the conscious patient communicated. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/803/Spinal_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 190 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/drowning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/708.mp4 Drowning Responding to Suspected Drowning Incidents 1. Prioritize Safety First When encountering a suspected drowning victim who is unresponsive and not breathing, prioritize safety for yourself and others. 2. Assess the Situation Begin this scenario with the victim on their back, considering potential water-related hazards such as cold water, underwater obstructions, soft beds, or strong currents. 3. Drowning vs. Office Situation Recognize the distinction between a drowning victim and someone not breathing in an office setting. Drowning is more likely due to a respiratory problem. 4. Providing Treatment If someone is present, send them to call the EMS; otherwise, continue with care. Open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, administer five rescue breaths initially. Follow with 30 compressions and two breaths, repeating for one minute. If alone, leave to call for help, following the "call fast approach." Continue CPR with 30 compressions and two breaths until EMS arrives or instructs otherwise. 5. Importance of Initial Rescue Breaths Delivering five initial rescue breaths aims to restart breathing and assess signs of life before proceeding with CPR. 6. Consistency with Child Drowning Protocol It's noteworthy that the sequence for responding to drowning is the same for children aged 1 to 18. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1213/Drowning.jpg Yes 122 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/childhood-illnesses-accidents https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/760.mp4 Childhood Illnesses and Accidents Childhood Illnesses and Accidents: Awareness and Prevention Recognising Childhood Illnesses Childhood illnesses and accidents can affect children in various ways. It's crucial to be aware of common signs and symptoms: Observation: Watch for changes in behaviour such as unusual quietness, grumpiness, sweating, or unusual warmth. Sudden Onset: Unlike adults, children can deteriorate rapidly from seemingly minor illnesses to serious conditions. Common Conditions: Includes asthma, diabetes, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. Knowing each child's specific condition is essential for proper care. Communicating and Monitoring Children may not always communicate their symptoms clearly. Use strategic questions and observe non-verbal cues: Encourage children to point out where they feel pain or discomfort. Monitor children closely, especially in high-risk situations such as sports activities or exposure to allergens. Dealing with Accidents Accidents are common among children both indoors and outdoors. Vigilance and precautionary measures are key: Safety Measures: Conduct ongoing risk assessments to identify and mitigate potential hazards. Common Injuries: Includes head injuries, falls, fractures, cuts, and bruises. Even minor incidents require careful assessment and monitoring. Always be alert and proactive in ensuring the safety and well-being of children under your care, both during activities and in everyday situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1353/Childhood_Illnesses_and_Accidents-01.jpg Yes 218 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/nose-bleeds https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/832.mp4 Nose bleeds Dealing with Nosebleeds: Causes and Treatment 1. Common Occurrence Nosebleeds are a frequent occurrence in both children and adults. While they are typically easy to treat and often do not recur, they can be distressing for children and embarrassing for adults. Nosebleeds are usually caused by the close proximity of blood vessels to the skin in the nasal area, making them susceptible to damage from various factors. Possible Causes: Nosebleeds can result from factors such as inserting objects into the nose, stress, illness, physical impacts to the nose, or facial injuries. Caution: When addressing a nosebleed, exercise extreme care if you suspect a possible nasal fracture or external injuries. 2. First Aid for Nosebleeds Providing immediate care for someone experiencing a nosebleed is essential. Follow these steps: Sit Them Down: Have the individual sit down to avoid any accidents. Offer Comfort: If necessary, provide reassurance and help them stay calm. Forward Leaning Position: Instruct them to lean forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat, which can lead to vomiting or nausea. Pinch the Nose: Ask them to pinch the soft part of their nose. This action applies pressure and aids in stopping the bleeding. Provide a Bowl: Offer a bowl to allow them to spit out the blood rather than swallowing it. Offer Tissues: If needed, provide tissues for use during the treatment. Apply Pressure: Advise them to maintain pressure on the nose for at least 10 minutes. Check for Bleeding: After 10 minutes, gently remove their fingers to check if the bleeding has ceased. Repeat if Necessary: If bleeding persists, repeat the pressure application for another 10 minutes. Seek Medical Assistance: If the bleeding persists beyond 30 minutes, it is advisable to seek medical attention. 3. Preventive Measures Ensure the person understands the following preventive measures: Refrain from: Advising them to avoid actions like sniffing, coughing, blowing their nose, or talking, as these activities can trigger bleeding and hinder the healing process. Regular Nosebleeds: If nosebleeds occur frequently, they may indicate an underlying issue. In such cases, consulting a doctor is recommended. It's worth noting that children who experience regular nosebleeds often outgrow them without requiring medical treatment. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1449/Nose_bleeds-01.jpg Yes 107 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/abdominal-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/864.mp4 Abdominal Injuries Abdominal Injuries: Causes, First Aid, and Urgent Care Understanding the Abdominal Cavity Discover the significance of the abdominal cavity, its location, and the potential risks associated with injuries. Abdominal Anatomy Explore the unique characteristics of the abdominal cavity: Location: Positioned below the ribcage and above the pelvic cavity. Protective Challenge: Unlike the chest and pelvic cavities, there are no bones shielding the abdomen, making it vulnerable to injuries that can result in severe harm to abdominal organs like the liver, spleen, or stomach. Combined Injuries: In some cases, injuries may affect both the pelvic and abdominal regions, necessitating immediate medical attention. Organ Responses to Trauma Understand how different abdominal organs react to traumatic injuries: Hollow Organs: Hollow organs, such as the bladder, are prone to rupture when subjected to trauma, leading to the release of their contents into the surrounding area. Solid Organs: Solid organs like the liver tend to tear instead of rupturing, often resulting in slow bleeding that can easily go unnoticed. First Aid for Abdominal Injuries Learn the crucial steps to take when dealing with traumatic abdominal injuries: Protruding Organs: If an injury causes the patient's internal organs to protrude from the abdominal wall, do not attempt to push them back in, as this can worsen the situation. Correct Position: Have the individual lie flat with their knees bent and cover the exposed organs with a moist, sterile dressing made of non-adhesive material that won't cling to the affected organs. Restrict Food and Drink: Even if the patient complains of extreme hunger or thirst, refrain from allowing them to eat or drink. Seek Immediate Medical Assistance Remember that prompt medical help is essential for any injury. A first aid responder's role is to stabilize the patient until professional assistance arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1503/The_abdominal_cavity-01.jpg Yes 128 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/splints https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/996.mp4 Splints Using Splints to Immobilise a Fractured Limb Commercial Splints Commercial splints, such as the SAM splint, are available to immobilise a fractured limb. These splints are made of aluminium covered in foam. To avoid causing further injury or pain, open the splint and mould it to fit the injured limb without applying pressure. Securing the Splint Use tape to hold the splint in position, preventing movement of the arm and wrist (in this instance). Pneumatic Splints Pneumatic splints work differently. Here’s how to use them: Open the zip and wrap the splint around the limb. Zip it up while the splint is deflated. Once in position, inflate the splint by blowing into the valve. This will immobilise the limb and provide cushioning for patient comfort. You can adjust the pressure by adding more air or, if the splint is too tight, releasing some air after performing a capillary refill test. Makeshift Splints Most first aid kits do not include splints. If you need to immobilise a fracture and do not have a commercial splint, you can use a magazine or newspaper as an effective alternative. Secure it with micropore tape. If the splint is too tight, cut the tape and reapply. Supporting the Arm When dealing with an injury to the lower arm, use a triangular bandage to support the arm and keep it still. This will help the patient make their way to seek emergency medical assistance. Conclusion Using the correct technique to immobilise a fractured limb is crucial for preventing further injury and ensuring patient comfort. Whether using commercial splints, pneumatic splints, or makeshift alternatives, always prioritise the safety and well-being of the injured person. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1749/Splints-01.jpg Yes 320 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/paediatric-first-aid-provision https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1054.mp4 Paediatric first aid provision First Aid Requirements for Childcare Providers Ofsted Guidelines According to Ofsted, ensuring safety in childcare provision is paramount. Providers are mandated to implement measures that prevent and minimise injuries to children while taking necessary precautions against infections. Regulations for Childcare Register Providers listed on the Childcare Register must adhere to the following: First Aid Qualification: Childminders and home child-carers must possess a current first aid qualification. Registered Person Responsibilities: The registered person for childcare premises, whether domestic or non-domestic, must ensure that at least one staff member with appropriate first aid training is present at all times. Availability of First Aid First aid provision must be accessible: On Premises: First aid must be available whenever children are on the childcare premises. Off Premises: It should also be accessible during visits and outings. The registered provider holds the responsibility for compliance with these regulations. Minimum Requirements This guidance outlines the minimum first aid standards for most childcare settings. Providers should assess if additional training or qualifications are necessary based on their specific care activities, such as water sports. Compliance with Health and Safety Regulations It's crucial to note that first aid training in childcare does not substitute the obligations set forth by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the first aid at work regulations 1981. Employers must ensure the health and safety of employees and others on the premises. Staying Current Providers must stay updated and compliant with existing and new requirements related to first aid provision. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1931/Paediatric_first_aid_provision-01.jpg Yes 107 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/paediatric-first-aid-kits https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/992.mp4 Paediatric First Aid Kits First Aid Kits: Essential Contents and Guidelines Overview of First Aid Kits In this video, we explore the essential contents of first aid kits, crucial for handling emergency situations effectively. Contents of a First Aid Kit Gloves: All first aid kits include vinyl or nitrile gloves, avoiding latex due to allergy concerns. Gloves are typically sealed for hygiene. Face Shield: Used for rescue breaths to protect against infection, featuring a valve for safe breathing. Plasters: Essential for minor injuries, available in various sizes. Maintain cleanliness and avoid contaminating the box. Gauze Pad and Micropore Tape: Used for larger wounds to cover and secure them in place. Tubular Bandages: Ideal for finger injuries, applied easily with an applicator and secured with micropore tape. Eye Pads: Used to cover eyes; take care as it can be unsettling for children. Pressure Dressings: For serious bleeding, ensure they are sterile and within expiry date. Moist Wipes: Used to clean small cuts or grazes. Triangular Bandages and Safety Pins: Used for slings or immobilisation; safety pins secure bandages. Saline Solution: Used to clean wounds or mop up blood. Blunt-Ended Scissors: Used to cut dressings safely. Storage and Safety Guidelines First aid kits should be: Accessible to first aiders but out of children's reach. Kept dry and in a dust-free environment. Stored in a clearly labelled, humidity-controlled area. Accompanied by a first aid guide and student manual for reference. Ensure all staff and parents are aware of the kit's location and contents. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2317/Paediattric_first_aid_kits.jpg Yes 384 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/planning-for-emergencies https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1053.mp4 Planning for paediatric emergencies Emergency Planning When Caring for Children Importance of Emergency Planning When looking after children, it's crucial to plan for emergencies proactively rather than reactively. Planning ahead helps prevent accidents and ensures preparedness in case of incidents. Key Considerations Here are some important factors to consider when planning for emergencies: Contact Information: Compile a list of emergency contacts and store it on your phone for quick access. Communication: Plan how you will contact emergency services or medical professionals and know the locations of nearby medical facilities. Notification: Determine who needs to be informed in case of an emergency, such as parents or grandparents, and decide on the method of communication. Medical Supplies: Ensure you have essential medical equipment like a first aid kit, necessary medications, and any specific foods required. Childcare Arrangements: Plan what you will do with other children or pets if you need to accompany a child to medical appointments. Travel and Insurance: Review your travel arrangements and ensure you have appropriate insurance coverage. Existing Medical Conditions: Be aware of any medical conditions affecting the children in your care and know how to respond appropriately in an emergency. Fire Safety: Implement fire precautions and have a clear plan of action in case of a fire emergency. Additional Children: Consider any extra concerns if caring for additional children beyond your usual care arrangement. Risk Assessment: Conduct thorough risk assessments of your work environment to identify and mitigate potential hazards. Downloadable sheets are available in our resources section to record medications and emergency contacts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1929/Planning_for_paediatric_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/first-aid-and-infection-control https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1164.mp4 First Aid and Infection Control Minimising Bloodborne Virus Infection Risks in First Aid This guide outlines the precautions First Aiders should take to reduce the risk of infection from Bloodborne viruses during emergency medical situations. Risk of Infection in First Aid Understanding the risk level: The risk of transmitting HIV or HBV during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is extremely low, with no recorded cases. Precautions to Reduce Infection Risk Recommended safety measures for First Aiders: Cover skin cuts or grazes with waterproof dressings. Wear disposable gloves when handling blood or bodily fluids. Use eye protection and disposable aprons if there's a risk of splashing. Employ face shields for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if trained to do so. Wash hands thoroughly after each procedure. Use hand gel when handwashing facilities are unavailable. Immunisation Against HBV for First Aiders Guidance on HBV immunisation: Workplace risk assessments determine the necessity of HBV immunisation for First Aiders. Importance of Providing Treatment The importance of administering first aid: First Aiders should not hesitate to provide treatment due to fear of infection. Adhering to standard precautions ensures protection against Bloodborne viruses. Following these guidelines helps ensure the safety of both the First Aider and the patient during emergency medical situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1913/First_Aid_and_Infection_Control-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/drowning-prevention https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5881.mp4 Drowning prevention Drowning Prevention: Strategies and Impact Drowning Statistics and Risk Factors One of the leading causes of death globally for children and young people aged 1 to 24 years is drowning. Global Impact: The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates around 236,000 drowning deaths annually. High-Risk Groups: More than 90% of drowning deaths occur in low and middle-income countries, with children under five at highest risk. Common Scenarios: Deaths often linked to routine activities like bathing, water collection, and water transportation (e.g., boats, ferries). Impact of Weather: Seasonal and extreme weather events, such as monsoons, contribute significantly to drowning incidents. Preventative Measures Many drowning deaths are preventable through evidence-based, low-cost solutions: Installing barriers to control access to water. Providing safe areas away from water, like creches with capable child care. Teaching swimming, water safety, and rescue skills. Training bystanders in safe rescue and resuscitation techniques. Enforcing safe boating, shipping, and ferry regulations. Improving flood risk management strategies. World Drowning Prevention Day and Continuous Action While World Drowning Prevention Day is observed on July 20th, efforts to save lives continue year-round: Individual Actions: Share drowning prevention advice, take swimming lessons, and support local water safety initiatives. Group Initiatives: Host public events, launch water safety campaigns, and back new drowning prevention projects. Government Commitments: Implement prevention policies, hold discussions, and fund large-scale prevention programs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/10494/1.jpeg Yes 126 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/paediatric-accident-reporting-and-record-keeping https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1278.mp4 Paediatric Accident Reporting and Record Keeping Accident Reporting Requirements for Childcare Providers Legal Requirements and Notification Procedures Childcare providers registered with the Early Years and Childcare Register must adhere to specific reporting guidelines set out by law. Legal Framework Childcare Regulations: The Childcare (General Childcare Register) Regulations 2008 Statutory Framework: The Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage Welfare Requirements: The Early Years Foundation Stage (Welfare Requirements) Regulations 2007 Reporting Obligations You must report any serious accidents, injuries, or deaths that occur in your childcare provision promptly and appropriately. Immediate Reporting: Report serious incidents as soon as reasonably possible. Timeframe: Within 14 days for other incidents not requiring immediate notification. The quickest way to notify Ofsted is by phone, providing essential details such as incident time, location, and individuals involved. Types of Incidents to Report Reportable Events: Include deaths on or off premises due to incidents during childcare, and serious injuries requiring hospitalization for more than 24 hours. Significant Events: Any event likely to affect childcare suitability. Minor injuries and routine medical appointments do not require notification but should be recorded. Record Keeping Providers must maintain records of accidents and first aid treatments. Content of Records: Date, time, location, personal details of those involved, brief description of incident, and treatment administered. Format: Records can be kept digitally or on paper as preferred by the provider. Forms for recording incidents are available in your ProTrainings login area for convenience. Additional Requirements Stay updated on HSE requirements under the first aid at work regulations and any changes in Ofsted requirements. Ensure compliance with these regulations to maintain high standards of childcare safety and reporting. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2267/Paediatric_Accident_Reporting_and_Record_Keeping-01.jpg Yes 220 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/poisons-and-food-poisoning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1359.mp4 Poisons and Food Poisoning Poisoning: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Poisoning, also known as toxin exposure, can occur through various methods including ingestion, skin absorption, inhalation, or direct contact with eyes or injection into the body. This article explores the nature of poisons, their effects, and appropriate response measures. Understanding Poisons A poison or toxin is any substance that can cause harm if introduced into the body in significant amounts. Poisons aren't limited to ingestion but can also be absorbed, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin or eyes. Types of Poisons Common poisons include household chemicals (cleaning products, detergents, bleaches), medications (prescription, over-the-counter, illegal drugs), and contaminated food or drinks. Symptoms of Poisoning The symptoms vary based on the type of poison and can include vomiting (sometimes with blood), nausea, diarrhoea, impaired consciousness, and physical signs like burns or blistering. Treatment for Poisoning Key steps in treating poisoning include identifying the poison, reassuring the victim, calling emergency services, and providing necessary first aid like CPR. It's crucial not to induce vomiting as it can worsen the condition. Food Poisoning Caused by contaminated food or drink, food poisoning symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, and sometimes shock. Treatment focuses on rest and rehydration. Preventing Dehydration Use rehydration powders mixed with water to help recover from fluid loss, especially important for vulnerable groups like the young, elderly, or in hot climates. When to Seek Medical Help Severe cases of food poisoning might require hospitalization. Always seek medical assistance if symptoms persist or worsen. Preventing Further Spread Ensure that others aren't affected by the same source of food poisoning. In some cases, it's necessary to report the incident to authorities or employers. Remember, quick and informed action can mitigate the risks associated with poisoning. Stay safe and educated! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2441/Poisons_and_Food_Poisoning-01.jpg Yes 239 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/what-is-anaphyixis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/493.mp4 What is Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis Demystified Defining Anaphylaxis The NHS Perspective: The NHS National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence defines anaphylaxis as a "severe, life-threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction." Varying Susceptibility Not Allergic, Not Always Anaphylactic: Not everyone possesses allergies, and having allergies doesn't guarantee susceptibility to anaphylactic shock. Unpredictable Onset: Anaphylaxis can initiate suddenly within seconds, over minutes, or even hours after allergen exposure. Common Allergenic Culprits Food Triggers: Common food allergens encompass peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, citrus fruit, eggs, and dairy products like milk and cheese. Other Allergens: Additional allergenic sources include venom from insect stings or bites, medications (commonly antibiotics, aspirin, or ibuprofen), and substances like latex. Anaphylaxis Unveiled Distinctive Indications: Anaphylaxis manifests in specific ways, with breathing difficulties being a predominant symptom due to airway constriction. Breathing Distress: The condition leads to the narrowing of air passages in the lungs, impeding oxygen intake, resulting in rapid, shallow breathing. Cardiovascular Impact: Anaphylaxis can induce a drop in blood pressure, potentially causing fainting or unconsciousness as the body attempts to restore oxygen supply to the brain. Secondary Symptoms: Additional signs encompass an accelerated heartbeat, cold, clammy skin, confusion, or nausea. The severity of these symptoms correlates with the intensity of the reaction. Understanding the gravity of anaphylaxis and its triggers is essential for timely intervention. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1001/What_is_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 124 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/introduction-to-paediatric-and-adult-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1384.mp4 Paediatric CPR Introduction Paediatric CPR: An Introduction In this section, we will look at paediatric CPR, which stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CPR is a life-saving skill used when someone is not breathing normally. This topic is covered across several short films. We will explain CPR for infants, children, and adolescents, before moving on to specific elements such as chest compressions, rescue breaths, and AED use. Paediatric Age Groups Explained For the purposes of CPR: Infants are defined as under 1 year old Children are aged from 1 to 12 years Adolescents are aged from 13 to 18 years You do not need to know the child’s exact age to start CPR. What matters most is using a technique that allows you to achieve effective chest compressions. Choosing the Right Compression Technique The method you use will depend on the size of the child and what you are physically able to do: If you can deliver compressions using two thumbs, treat them as an infant If two-thumb compressions are not possible, use one hand as you would for a child If one hand is not effective, you can use two hands The priority is always to deliver good-quality compressions. Do what feels safest and most effective for you. Working With Other Rescuers In this section, we will also cover: How to hand over CPR to a second rescuer safely and smoothly How to provide continuous chest compressions only when you are unable or unwilling to give rescue breaths Chest-compression-only CPR is still highly effective and is always better than doing nothing. Key Message You do not need to be an expert to save a child’s life. Acting quickly, using the technique you can manage, and continuing until help arrives gives the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2487/Paediatric_CPR_Introduction.jpg Yes 68 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/introduction-to-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1385.mp4 Choking Recognition Dealing with Choking: Recognize, Assess, and Respond 1. Choking: A Manageable Emergency Choking, while not a common cause of death, often occurs during eating or in social settings. Timely action can be a lifesaver, as victims are initially conscious and responsive. 2. Recognizing Choking Key to a successful response is differentiating choking from other medical emergencies such as fainting, heart attacks, or seizures. Look for signs like sudden respiratory distress, cyanosis, or loss of consciousness. 3. Choking Risk Factors Choking typically happens while eating or drinking and can be more likely in individuals with certain risk factors: Reduced consciousness Drug or alcohol intoxication Neurological impairment affecting swallowing and cough reflex Respiratory disease Mental impairments or dementia Dental problems Older age 4. Identifying Severity of Choking Ask the conscious victim, "Are you choking?" to determine the severity: If they can speak, cough, and breathe, it's a mild obstruction. If they can't speak, have a weakened cough, or struggle to breathe, it's severe. 5. Treatment Approach We'll explore choking treatment in detail in later videos, but here's a brief overview: For mild obstruction, encourage coughing. Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest compressions are for severe obstructions. Success rates improve with combinations of techniques. Bystander-initiated chest compressions for unconscious victims can be effective. 6. Aftercare and Seeking Medical Advice Even after successful choking treatment, victims may have residual foreign material in their airways. Look for symptoms like persistent cough or difficulty swallowing and advise victims to seek medical evaluation. Caution: Abdominal thrusts and chest compressions can potentially cause internal injuries, so victims treated with these methods should be examined by medical professionals afterward. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2489/Choking_Recognition-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/older-child-and-adult-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1387.mp4 Older Child and Adult Choking Dealing with Choking: Techniques for Children and Adults Understanding Choking in Different Age Groups Although this course primarily covers choking in children and infants, the techniques for older children and adults are similar: Mild Airway Obstruction: Includes discomfort and possible pain from objects like fishbones stuck in the throat. Severe Airway Obstruction: Complete blockage, causing inability to breathe, talk, or cough. Actions for Mild Airway Obstruction If the person can talk and cough: Keep them calm and encourage coughing to dislodge the object. Check the mouth and remove the obstruction if visible. Dealing with Severe Airway Obstruction When the person cannot breathe, talk, or cough: Stand behind them and provide 5 back-blows between the shoulder blades. If unsuccessful, perform 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich manoeuvre). Alternate between back-blows and abdominal thrusts until the obstruction clears. Emergency Steps if Obstruction Persists If the obstruction remains: Call emergency services and maintain communication. If unconscious, guide them safely to the floor and initiate CPR. After Clearing the Obstruction If successful in clearing the airway: Sit the person down and monitor their condition. Seek medical evaluation to check for any injuries caused by the procedure. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2495/Older_Child_and_Adult_Choking-01.jpg Yes 176 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/reporting-and-consent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1506.mp4 Paediatric reporting and consent Reporting Accidents and Injuries in Childcare Settings Responsibilities and Procedures When caring for children, it's crucial to report accidents or injuries, including signs of abuse, even if they didn't occur in the childcare setting. Providing Clear Information Ensure information provided is clear, concise, and based solely on facts, setting aside personal opinions. Reporting Entities You may need to report incidents to multiple authorities: Ofsted: Focuses on child well-being within the setting. Health and Safety Executive (HSE): Responsible for workplace accident investigations. Local Authority: Monitors and approves childcare settings, providing guidance on reporting procedures. Involvement of Other Agencies Social workers, child protection offices, and possibly the police may be involved in cases, requiring information and potential witness statements. Parental Communication Parents or guardians may seek information or express concerns regarding incidents involving their children. Data Protection Considerations Before sharing any information, ensure compliance with the Data Protection Act to avoid breaching confidentiality. Only share necessary information with authorized individuals and organizations involved in the investigation. If unsure, seek advice to ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2771/Paediatric_reporting_and_consent-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/minor-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1617.mp4 Minor Injuries Dealing with Minor Injuries: First Aid Guide Introduction First aid encompasses not only serious accidents but also addressing minor injuries. This guide explores various minor injuries and how to provide initial care. 1. Dealing with Minor Cuts Minor cuts can be managed easily: Clean the wound area. Apply a plaster. Monitor for possible infection. 2. Handling Blisters Blisters can result from ill-fitting shoes or friction: Keep the area clean and dry. Pat it dry; do not rub to avoid bursting. Cover with a plaster to reduce friction. Consider changing footwear if the cause persists. 3. Coping with Workplace Blisters Blisters can occur at work, such as from using tools: Key Points: Avoid bursting blisters to prevent infection. 4. Treating Small Scratches Small scratches require minimal care: Check for dirt in the wound. Clean the wound. Consider using a plaster. 5. Removing Splinters Splinters may be caused by wood, metal, or plastic: Remove by pushing from the base gently. Clean the area once the splinter is out. Plaster application may be optional. If unable to remove, seek medical help. 6. Handling Thorns Thorns can usually be pulled out with tweezers: Key Points: Ensure the entire thorn is removed. Check for signs of infection in the following days. 7. Addressing Cut Lips Cut lips may not always require a plaster: Instruct the patient to hold a dressing over the wound until bleeding stops. Advise them to avoid talking, which can reopen the wound. Cut lips typically heal quickly. 8. Treating Cuts Inside the Mouth Cuts inside the mouth can be handled with care: Use cotton wool or dressing to apply direct pressure. Assist in controlling bleeding. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2865/minor_injury-01.jpg Yes 168 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/bites-and-stings https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1618.mp4 Bites and stings Bites and Stings First Aid: Handling Animal Bites and Insect Stings Bites vs. Stings: Knowing the Difference Understanding the distinctions between animal bites and insect stings and when exceptions may apply. Dealing with Bites Addressing various injuries commonly associated with bites: Bleeding and Skin Damage: Assess and manage bleeding, incisions, and skin tears. Secondary Injuries: Be aware of potential bruising, soft tissue damage, and even broken bones. Ensuring Safety Steps to take to secure the scene when dealing with bite incidents: Scene Assessment: Prioritize safety, especially in cases involving aggressive animals like dogs. Providing First Aid for Bites Immediate actions to take for bite injuries: Wound Cleaning: Use saline solution or clean water to clean the wound. Bleeding Control: Apply a pressure bandage to manage bleeding. Dressing Application: Dress the wound appropriately and arrange for necessary medical assistance. Managing Stings Understanding the unique nature of insect stings and appropriate responses: Toxin Injection: Recognize that insect stings introduce toxins into the skin. Bee Stings Specifics of dealing with bee stings and minimizing further harm: Sting Removal: Safely remove the bee sting by scraping it with a credit card from the base, avoiding additional poison injection. Treatment for Insect Bites Common methods for addressing wasp, mosquito, and other insect bites, usually self-resolving: Topical Creams: Consider using creams or ointments, but these bites often heal naturally. Allergic Reactions Recognizing potential allergies to bee or wasp stings and taking appropriate action: Anaphylactic Response: Be vigilant for signs like difficulty breathing or feeling unwell, especially in individuals with known allergies. Contact Emergency Services: If necessary, seek immediate medical assistance. Remember: Throat swelling following a hand sting may indicate an anaphylactic reaction. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2867/Bites_and_stings-01.jpg Yes 143 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/what-is-diabetes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4340.mp4 What is Diabetes? Understanding Diabetes: Types, Diagnosis, and Prevalence What is Diabetes? Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a condition that affects blood sugar levels in an individual. The two main types of diabetes are Type 1 and Type 2. Although other types exist, they are much rarer. Types of Diabetes Diabetes is diagnosed by testing blood sugar levels. Technically, there are only diabetic and non-diabetic diagnoses, but there is a middle ground where diabetes appears to be developing, known as pre-diabetes. Hereditary Factors While most types of diabetes are not hereditary, an individual's DNA can influence the risk of developing the condition. Prevalence of Diabetes According to Diabetes UK, more than 5 million people could have diabetes in the UK by 2025. Currently, around 400 million adults worldwide are affected by diabetes. In the UK, someone is diagnosed with diabetes every two minutes, and more than 500 people with the condition die prematurely each week. One in 15 people in the UK have diabetes, and approximately 1 million people are living undiagnosed. Distribution of Diabetes Types 90% of people with diabetes have Type 2 8% have Type 1 2% have rarer types of diabetes Famous People with Diabetes Many famous individuals live with diabetes, including Nick Jonas, Theresa May, and Tom Hanks. Raising Awareness To raise awareness of diabetes, World Diabetes Day takes place on the 14th of November each year. Consider what you can do to help raise awareness and support those affected by diabetes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7777/What_is_Diabetes-01-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/resuscitation-of-children https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1947.mp4 Resuscitation of children CPR for Children and Infants: Why Acting Matters More Than Fear Having to resuscitate a child or infant can be one of the most distressing situations anyone may face. Sadly, many children do not receive life-saving CPR because bystanders fear causing harm, especially if they are not specifically trained in paediatric resuscitation. This fear is unfounded. It is always far better to act than to do nothing. Using the Adult BLS Sequence on Children For ease of learning and retention, lay rescuers are taught that the adult Basic Life Support (BLS) sequence can be used for children who are unresponsive and not breathing normally. If you are unsure, follow the adult sequence. Doing something will always give the child a better chance of survival than doing nothing at all. Chest Compression Depth and Technique When delivering chest compressions to children and infants, the recommended depth is: At least one-third of the depth of the chest Hand Position by Age Group Infants (under 1 year): Use two thumbs with the wrap-around technique Children (1–12 years): Use one or two hands, depending on the size of the child Adolescents (13–18 years): Use two hands, as you would for an adult Whether you use one hand or two on a child is up to you. The outcome is the same. Choose the technique that feels safest, most comfortable, and best suited to the child’s size. The Impact of CPR on Survival What you do — or don’t do — has a huge impact on survival. No CPR: Survival rate of approximately 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival rate of around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rate increases to 13.6% These figures clearly show that early action saves lives. Delivering Rescue Breaths When giving rescue breaths: Deliver each breath over about one second Give just enough air to see the chest rise The maximum time between the last compression and the first compression of the next cycle should be no more than 10 seconds — and ideally much less. This minimises interruptions to chest compressions and helps maintain blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Key Message to Remember You do not need to be perfect to save a life. Fear of causing harm should never stop you from acting. Using the adult BLS sequence on a child or infant is far safer than doing nothing. Early CPR, even if it is not textbook-perfect, dramatically improves a child’s chance of survival. Act quickly. Act confidently. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3507/Resuscitation_of_Children.jpg Yes 114 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/excessive-blood-loss https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1956.mp4 Excessive Blood Loss Recognizing and Treating Blood Loss: First Aid Guide Understanding Blood Loss Hidden Threat: Excessive blood loss doesn't always involve visible skin injuries; it can occur internally with fractures or organ damage. Impact of Fractures: Even when the skin remains intact, a broken thigh bone can lead to blood loss of up to one litre; if there's an external bleed, this can escalate to one to two litres. Pelvic Fractures: Pelvic fractures can range from minor blood loss to severe cases where a person can lose all their blood, as the main femoral artery passes over the pelvis. Organ Injuries: Injuries to organs such as the spleen, liver, or chest can result in varying levels of blood loss, from minimal to total. Recognizing Blood Loss Challenging Recognition: Identifying severe blood loss can be difficult. It's wise to assume the worst and treat accordingly due to the challenges of assessing both external and internal bleeding. Factors Affecting Recognition: Various factors like age, size, weight, medical conditions, fitness, and medications can influence how signs and symptoms manifest, potentially masking them until the situation becomes critical. Assessment and Response Collect Information: Gather details about the incident history and assess the injury mechanism. Watch for Signs: Keep an eye out for these signs: Pale, Cold, Sweaty Skin Rapid Breathing (Over 20 breaths per minute) Thirst Rapid Pulse (Over 100 beats per minute) Altered Mental State Anxiety, Confusion, Drowsiness, Restlessness Unconsciousness Emergency Treatment Immediate Actions: Activate Emergency Services: Call for professional help. Treat External Bleeding: Address any visible external bleeding. Identify Internal Bleeding: Attempt to determine if there is internal bleeding. Position and Monitor: Lay Down: Place the individual on their back. Raise Legs (If Possible): Elevate their legs if feasible. Keep Warm: Ensure they stay warm. Monitor Consciousness and Vital Signs: Continuously assess their consciousness and vital signs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3535/Excessive_Blood_Loss-01.jpg Yes 129 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/asthma-spacers https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2205.mp4 Asthma Spacers Asthma Spacers: A Comprehensive Guide Understanding Asthma Spacers An asthma spacer is a sizeable plastic or occasionally metal device with a mouthpiece at one end and an opening at the other, designed to be used with aerosol inhalers. They facilitate the delivery of a metered dose of medication into the lungs, ensuring precise dosing. Types of Asthma Spacers Various types of asthma spacers are available, some equipped with face masks for use with infants. The essential training for using a spacer should be provided by a medical professional. How Asthma Spacers Work The medication is loaded into the spacer, where it accumulates. The user then inhales from the spacer, eliminating the need for precise timing and speed during inhalation. Spacers prevent medication from settling in the mouth or throat, ensuring it reaches the lungs. Spacers enhance drug efficiency by slowing down intake, allowing it to penetrate deeper into the lungs. They are equally as fast as standard inhalers in emergency situations. Spacers also reduce side effects by minimizing drug absorption into other body parts. They can help reduce side effects like oral thrush, which is particularly common in children using inhalers. How to Use an Asthma Spacer While actual user training should be conducted by a medical professional, the basic steps for using a spacer are as follows: Remove the cap and shake the inhaler. Insert the inhaler into the spacer. Breathe out gently as long as comfortable. Place the mouthpiece between your teeth and lips, creating a seal to prevent medicine escape. Depress the canister to release one puff of medicine into the spacer. Breathe in slowly and steadily through the mouthpiece (not forcefully). Remove the spacer from your mouth and hold your breath for 10 seconds (or as comfortable), then breathe out slowly. If a second dose is needed, wait 30 seconds, then repeat the steps above. Alternatively, if holding your breath is challenging, follow steps 1 to 6, and then: Keep the spacer in your mouth with your lips sealed around it. Breathe in and out of the mouthpiece five times. Repeat these steps for each required dose. When using spacers with children, it's essential to explain the process clearly and encourage their involvement: Remove the cap and shake the inhaler, allowing your child to assist. Insert the inhaler into the spacer. Place the mouthpiece between your child’s teeth and lips, ensuring a secure seal. Press the canister once to release one puff of your child’s inhaler medicine into the spacer. Have your child breathe in and out of the mouthpiece five times. Repeat from step 2 for each inhaler puff, remembering to shake the inhaler before each use. Cleaning Your Asthma Spacer Proper cleaning is crucial for maintaining the spacer's effectiveness: Use detergent for cleaning, taking care not to scrub and damage the device. Air dry the spacer. Despite potential cloudiness over time, spacers can last many months. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your medical professional. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4007/Asthma_spacers-01.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/blister-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2278.mp4 Blister Care Dealing with Blisters: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention Understanding Blisters Discover the origins of blisters and their various causes. Causes of Blisters Explore the factors that lead to blister formation: Friction: Learn how poorly fitting shoes and physical activities can trigger friction blisters. Skin Reactions: Understand how exposure to heat, burns, sunburn, and certain chemicals can cause skin reaction blisters. Medical Conditions: Discover medical conditions like chickenpox, cold sores, and hand, foot, and mouth disease that may result in blisters. Treating Blisters Learn effective methods for blister treatment: Protect and Preserve Key steps to safeguard and aid the healing process: Use of Plaster or Blister Dressing: Shield the blister without bursting it to prevent infection and further damage. Avoid Bursting: Understand the importance of keeping the blister intact as it serves to protect the skin. Natural Healing: Allow the blister to gradually reduce as the body absorbs the fluid and the top skin naturally sheds. Handling Burst Blisters: Proper care when a blister has burst, including washing with water and applying a sterile dressing. Seeking Medical Attention Instances when it's necessary to consult a Doctor or Nurse: Severe Pain: When blisters become extremely painful. Infection: Cases where blisters get infected. Recurring Blisters: When new blisters keep appearing. Specific Causes: Blisters resulting from sunburn, burns, scalds, or allergic reactions. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed for treating infections. Blood Blisters Tips for managing blood blisters: If a blood blister is painful, applying an ice pack for 10-30 minutes may provide relief, but use caution to avoid skin damage due to extreme cold. Preventing Blisters Proactive measures to reduce the risk of blister development: Foot Care: Keep feet dry and choose well-fitting shoes. Sports and Exercise: Wear thicker wool socks and avoid new, unbroken-in shoes. Hand Protection: Use gloves to shield hands from potential blisters. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4047/Blister_Care-01.jpg Yes 144 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/epilepsy-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/117.mp4 Epilepsy Epilepsy: Understanding Recurrent Seizures Defining Epilepsy Epilepsy is presently described as a propensity for recurrent seizures, which are triggered by sudden bursts of excessive electrical activity within the brain. This surge disrupts normal communication between brain cells, leading to interruptions or mix-ups in the brain's messaging. The Impact of Seizures The effects of a seizure are contingent on the origin and spread of epileptic activity in the brain. As the brain governs all bodily functions, the experience during a seizure varies depending on these factors, resulting in numerous seizure types. Seizures aren't exclusive to epilepsy; they can arise from diverse causes like head injuries, low blood glucose in diabetics, or alcohol poisoning. Key Facts About Epilepsy Epilepsy: A tendency for recurrent seizures. Seizure Types: Approximately 40 different types exist, and individuals may experience more than one. Wide Impact: Affects people of all ages and backgrounds. UK Prevalence: 1 in 131 people (456,000 individuals). Treatment Potential: 70 percent could achieve seizure freedom with suitable treatment. Single Seizures: 1 in 20 people may have a single seizure during their life. Outgrowing Epilepsy: Many who develop epilepsy as children may "grow out of it" in adulthood. Driving License: In the UK, those seizure-free for a year can reapply for a driving license. SUDEP: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy accounts for 500 UK deaths annually. Pregnancy: 2,500 women with epilepsy in the UK have a baby each year. Understanding Seizures Identifying a seizure involves observing key indicators: Sudden Loss of Responsiveness Rigid Body with Arched Back Noisy, Difficult Breathing Convulsions Possible Loss of Bladder Control Post-Seizure Deep Sleep A typical description of a tonic-clonic seizure, the most common generalised seizure type: Tonic Phase: Involves body rigidity, loss of consciousness, and chest muscle contractions. Clonic Phase: Characterized by repetitive muscle contractions and body shaking. Following a seizure, regaining consciousness may vary, accompanied by confusion and muscle soreness. Headaches and fatigue are common, prompting a desire to sleep. Some individuals experience warning symptoms called auras before seizures, manifesting as peculiar movements, sensations, or intense emotions. However, seizures often occur without warning. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/187/Epilepsy-01.jpg Yes 193 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/epilepsy-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2428.mp4 Epilepsy treatment Epilepsy and Seizure First Aid Understanding Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition characterised by a propensity for recurrent, unprovoked convulsions, commonly referred to as seizures. Treatment approaches are generally consistent across most types of epilepsy. Dealing with Seizures Witnessing a seizure can be distressing, but as a first aider, your assistance is crucial. Follow these important steps: Protect: Safeguard the individual from harm by clearing the vicinity of dangerous objects. Cushion: Provide head support to prevent head injury. Time: Take note of the seizure's start and end times. Identification: Check for epilepsy identity cards or jewellery. Recovery Position: After the seizure, gently place them in the recovery position to aid breathing. Reassure: Offer calm reassurance throughout the process. Stay: Remain with the person until they fully recover. No Restraint: Avoid restraining or moving the person. Avoid Mouth Contact: Do not insert anything into the person's mouth. Minimize Movement: Only move them if there's imminent danger. No Food or Drink: Refrain from giving them food or drink until they are fully recovered. Avoid Waking: Do not attempt to rouse them. Monitoring and When to Call an Ambulance For all epilepsy types, continue monitoring the patient's breathing and pulse. Call for an ambulance under the following circumstances: First Seizure: It's their initial seizure. Long Duration: The seizure lasts longer than five minutes. Consecutive Seizures: Tonic-clonic seizures occur successively without consciousness recovery. Injury: The person sustains an injury during the seizure. Perceived Urgency: You believe immediate medical attention is necessary. In the rare event that the person stops breathing, activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and initiate CPR. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4625/Epilepsy_treatment-01.jpg Yes 158 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/sepsis-in-infants-and-children https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/6942.mp4 Sepsis in Infants and Children Sepsis: Recognise the Signs and Take Immediate Action Sepsis is a serious medical emergency that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. It can be difficult to identify, particularly in children and babies, as its symptoms often mimic other illnesses, such as flu or chest infections. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to saving lives. Signs of Sepsis in Babies and Children If you suspect that a baby or child may be showing signs of sepsis, trust your instincts and seek immediate medical help by calling 999 or heading to the nearest A&E without delay. Watch out for the following warning signs: Blue, grey, pale or blotchy skin, lips or tongue: In children with brown or black skin, this may be more noticeable on the palms of their hands or soles of their feet. A rash: That doesn’t fade when pressed with a glass, similar to the rash seen with meningitis. Breathing difficulties: Such as grunting, rapid breathing, or the stomach sucking in under the ribs. A high-pitched or weak cry: A cry that is not typical for them. Lack of responsiveness: Disinterest in feeding or not engaging in usual activities. Unusual sleepiness: Difficulty waking up or seeming excessively drowsy. Even if only one of these symptoms is present, it could indicate sepsis. Act immediately. Signs of Sepsis in Older Children and Adults In older children and adults, the following signs may indicate sepsis: Confusion or slurred speech: The person may not make sense or be aware of their surroundings. Blue, pale, grey or blotchy skin, lips, or tongue: For darker skin tones, check the palms or soles of the feet. Rash: A rash that does not fade when pressed with a glass. Breathing difficulties: Struggling to breathe, breathlessness, or very rapid breathing. As with children, they might not show every symptom. If you notice any of these signs, seek urgent medical attention. What to Do in Case of Sepsis If you or someone else is suspected of having sepsis, do not attempt to drive them to A&E. Instead, call 999 for an ambulance. While waiting for help, if possible, take any medications the person is currently on with you. Early medical intervention is essential. If You Are Unsure: Contact NHS 111 If you’re unsure whether it’s sepsis but still concerned, it’s always best to get medical advice. Call NHS 111 if: You or your child feel very unwell or you think something is seriously wrong. The person hasn’t urinated in the last 12 hours (for babies and young children) or hasn’t had a wee all day (for older children and adults). They are vomiting repeatedly and can’t keep food or fluids down. There is swelling, redness, or pain around a wound or cut. They have a very high or low temperature, feel hot or cold to the touch, or are shivering. It’s always better to seek help, even if you're not certain it’s sepsis. NHS 111 can guide you on what to do next, arrange for a doctor or nurse to call, or send an ambulance if necessary. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12486/Sepsis_in_Infants_and_Children-01.jpg Yes 150 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/before-you-take-your-test https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3663.mp4 Paediatric blended and your test Blended Course Information and Booking Booking Your Practical Session If you are enrolled in a blended format of this course, where you will attend a practical classroom session: Booking: Ensure your practical session with an approved ProTrainings instructor is booked promptly. Assistance: If you need help with booking, please contact us for support. Course Rules and Timelines For the full course with a practical session, please note: Timeline: Complete the online course and attend the practical session within six weeks of each other. Test Taking: Do not take the test until you are within six weeks of completing the practical session. Accessing and Reviewing Course Content Once booked for your practical session: Logging In: Simply log in to access your test. Video Review: Review any course videos at any time as needed. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6529/Paediatric_blended_and_your_test-01.jpg Yes 66 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/cold-emergencies-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/180.mp4 Cold emergencies The Dangers of Cold: Understanding Hypothermia and Cold-Related Problems Hypothermia can have severe consequences for the body. Even a slight drop of just two degrees Celsius in body temperature can lead to hypothermia. It's crucial to identify and manage it correctly. Signs of Hypothermia Uncontrollable shivering Disorientation and confusion Possible unresponsiveness Slow and weak pulse (in severe cases) Treatment Avoid rapid reheating as it may lead to complications, even cardiac arrest. Ensure a gradual warming process. Hypothermia can occur indoors, especially among the elderly trying to save on heating costs. Dealing with Wet Clothing and Cold Exposure Wet clothing can draw heat from the body rapidly, up to 20-25 times faster than air. Steps to Follow: Get the person out of the water. Remove wet clothing. Gently pat dry (do not rub) with a dry towel. Warming the Person Even a slight increase in temperature will begin to warm the body. Monitor the patient carefully. Contact Emergency Services Call EMS and provide them with detailed information about the situation and the actions taken for a better assessment of recovery. Frostnip and Frostbite Frostnip Frostnip can cause the skin to freeze, resulting in redness, whiteness, and pain. Treatment for Frostnip Warm the affected areas by having the patient place their fingers under their arms. Frostbite Frostbite is a serious EMS medical emergency involving the freezing of body tissues, muscles, and vessels. Treatment for Frostbite Re-warm gently with water below 40 degrees Celsius. Never rub or massage frostbitten areas. Be prepared for significant pain during the re-warming process. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/311/Cold_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 122 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/foreign-objects-in-the-eye-ears-or-nose https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1529.mp4 Foreign objects in the eye, ears or nose First Aid for Eye, Ear, and Nose Foreign Objects Eye Foreign Objects If something like an eyelash, sand, dust, or an insect gets into the eye: Flush with Water: Gently hold the eye open and flush with clean or saline water. Positioning: Tip the head slightly to one side and pour water into the inner corner of the eye. Keep Dry: Place a towel around the shoulders to keep them dry. Seek Medical Help If: The foreign object cannot be flushed out. The object is on the white of the eye. Ear Foreign Objects If something is lodged in the ear: Positioning: Encourage the child to tip their head to one side to see if the item falls out. Medical Attention: Seek medical help if the item remains lodged in the ear. Important Note: Attempting to remove objects from the ear may cause damage to hearing and balance. Nose Foreign Objects If a child has something stuck in their nose: Do Not Attempt Removal: Do not let the child or anyone else attempt to remove it. Keep Calm: Keep the child calm and take them to the hospital immediately. Insect in the Ear: If an insect is in the ear: Positioning: Have the child tilt their head with the affected ear up. Flush with Water: Fill the ear with water to flush out the insect. Medical Advice: Seek medical advice if the insect does not float out. Important Note: Seek medical assistance promptly for any foreign objects that have penetrated or become stuck in sensitive areas like the eyes, ears, or nose. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2691/Foreign_objects_in_the_eye__ears_or_nose-01.jpg Yes 136 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/hyperventilation2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1404.mp4 Hyperventilation Hyperventilation: Causes, Symptoms, and Management Understanding Hyperventilation An exploration of hyperventilation, a condition where the body expels more carbon dioxide than it produces, with both voluntary and involuntary triggers. Voluntary and Involuntary Hyperventilation Examining the two main categories of hyperventilation: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary Hyperventilation: Excessive breathing, often seen in practices like free diving, yoga, and medical procedures. Involuntary Hyperventilation: Occurs as a response to physical and emotional stimuli, stemming from various medical conditions and stress-related factors. Effects of Hyperventilation Discussing the consequences of hyperventilation, including physical symptoms and potential complications. Physical Symptoms: Dizziness, tingling lips, agitation, confusion, breathlessness, headaches, weakness, fainting, seizures, and muscle spasms. Complications: Shallow water blackout in free divers, respiratory alkalosis, and hyperventilation syndrome. Underlying Causes Identifying various triggers and conditions that lead to hyperventilation. Physical Triggers: High-altitude environments, pregnancy-related hormonal changes, head injuries, strokes, asthma, pneumonia, cardiovascular issues, anaemia, drug reactions. Psychological Triggers: Stress, anxiety, fear, pain, and emotional distress. Managing Hyperventilation Providing guidance on how to manage hyperventilation episodes and when to seek medical help. Initial Steps: Treat the underlying cause, especially in cases triggered by physical conditions. Breaking the Cycle: Recognise anxiety-driven hyperventilation, avoid re-breathing into a paper bag without medical advice, employ relaxation techniques, and breathing exercises. Assisting Patients: Encourage controlled breathing and provide reassurance; referral to a doctor may be necessary for underlying causes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2537/Hyperventilation-01.jpg Yes 204 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/what-is-asthma- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4920.mp4 What is Asthma Asthma: An Overview Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that intermittently affects the airways and lungs, manifesting in varying degrees of severity. Identifying Asthma Triggers Common Triggers: Smoke and dust are typical triggers that can provoke asthma attacks. Effective Management of Asthma Adhering to prescribed treatments significantly reduces the risk of asthma attacks. Regular medical check-ups are essential to monitor and adjust treatment plans. Recognizing Warning Signs Immediate medical attention is crucial if there is a noticeable decline in respiratory health, as this could indicate the need for treatment modification or the presence of other health issues. Treatment Approaches Standard asthma treatment typically involves two types of inhalers, often blue and brown, although the color may vary by brand. More details on their anatomical effects and specific functions will be discussed later. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8761/What_is_Asthma-01.jpg Yes 77 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/the-blue-inhaler https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4924.mp4 The Blue Inhaler Essential Guide to the Blue Asthma Reliever Inhaler The blue asthma inhaler, widely recognized as the reliever inhaler, is a crucial component in managing asthma symptoms and emergencies. Identification and Purpose of the Blue Inhaler Known for its distinctive appearance, the blue inhaler is specifically designed to provide quick relief during asthma symptoms or attacks. Correct Usage and Accessibility Proper Administration: Correct usage, as instructed by healthcare professionals, is vital for effectiveness. Accessibility: Keeping the inhaler readily available at all times is essential for prompt response during emergencies. Bronchodilators: The Key Medication Bronchodilators such as salbutamol and terbutaline are the active drugs in reliever inhalers, working to relax the muscles around the airways. Types of Blue Inhalers Similar to preventative inhalers, blue reliever inhalers come in various forms including MDIs, DPIs, and BAIs, catering to different preferences. Variants and Alternatives Apart from standard designs, some blue inhalers may have unique shapes or branding, like the Accuhaler, which is disc-shaped. Salbutamol vs Terbutaline While both drugs are effective bronchodilators, salbutamol is often preferred due to its lower cost, with no significant difference in function. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8769/the_blue_inhaler-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/asthma-signs-and-symptoms https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4922.mp4 Asthma Signs and Symptoms Understanding Asthma: Symptoms and Attack Management Asthma presents with varying intensity for different individuals, from occasional flare-ups to frequent severe attacks. Recognizing and understanding these symptoms and their escalation during an asthma attack is crucial for effective management. Variability of Asthma Symptoms Asthma symptoms differ in frequency and intensity among individuals, with some experiencing frequent attacks and others having only occasional flare-ups. Common Signs and Symptoms Wheezing: Noticeable during breathing due to airway narrowing. Breathlessness: Persistent or intermittent, affecting daily activities. Coughing: Persistent or irregular, often worsening at night or around triggers. Chest Tightness: A sensation of heaviness or tightness in the chest. Identifying Asthma Symptoms These symptoms, particularly when persistent or triggered by specific factors, may indicate asthma. Asthma Attacks: Recognizing Severe Symptoms Asthma attacks present with intensified symptoms, requiring immediate attention and management. Severe Symptoms of an Asthma Attack Extreme Breathlessness: Difficulty performing simple tasks. Chest Pain: Aggravated pain making activities challenging. Distress: Visible signs of distress due to respiratory difficulty. Sympathetic Nervous System Response Physical responses like pale skin, dilated pupils, and sweating are indicative of the body's stress response. Advanced Symptoms of a Worsening Asthma Attack Altered Mental State: Signs of dizziness, drowsiness, or confusion. Cyanosis: Blue lips and extremities, indicating severe oxygen deprivation. Potential Unconsciousness: Extreme cases may lead to loss of consciousness. Risks of Severe Asthma Attacks In critical situations, asthma attacks can be life-threatening and require urgent medical intervention. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8763/Asthma_Signs_and_Symptoms-01.jpg Yes 120 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/how-asthma-affects-the-respiratory-system https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4923.mp4 How Asthma Affects the Respiratory System Asthma Explained: Symptoms and Asthma Attacks Asthma is a condition with varying symptoms, often influenced by inflammation within the respiratory system. Understanding these symptoms and what happens during an asthma attack is key to managing the condition effectively. Symptoms of Asthma Asthma symptoms are not constant; they fluctuate, with periods of wellness and exacerbation. Inflammation in the Respiratory System Bronchial Inflammation: The bronchi and bronchioles become inflamed, leading to respiratory distress. Mucous Gland Swelling: Asthmatics have swollen mucous glands, contributing to airway obstruction. Narrowing of the Airways The combination of inflamed bronchi and swollen mucous glands results in a narrowed airway, often manifesting as a wheeze or cough. Body's Response to Narrowed Airways Similar to the body's reaction to a cold, asthmatics may experience coughing as an attempt to clear the airways, although this is often ineffective due to the nature of the condition. What Happens During an Asthma Attack? An asthma attack is a severe exacerbation of the condition, significantly impacting breathing. Muscle Contraction and Mucous Overproduction Airway Constriction: During an attack, the muscles in the bronchi and bronchioles contract, further narrowing the airways. Excessive Mucous: The glands produce thick mucous, exacerbating airway narrowing and complicating breathing. Consequences of an Asthma Attack The combination of airway constriction and mucous overproduction can dangerously restrict oxygen supply to the lungs, making breathing exceedingly difficult. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8767/How_Asthma_Affects_the_Respiratory_System-01.jpg Yes 113 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/the-respiratory-system- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4921.mp4 The Respiratory System The Respiratory System Explained The respiratory system is crucial for human survival, enabling the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide. Any obstruction or malfunction within this system can have serious consequences. Anatomy of the Respiratory System A closer look at the components and functioning of the human respiratory system. Pathway of Air Inhalation: Air enters through the nose or mouth, travels down the throat into the pharynx, and then proceeds to the larynx. Trachea and Bronchi: Air moves down the trachea and into the chest, where it is divided into the lungs via two bronchi. Bronchioles and Alveoli The bronchi further branch into numerous bronchioles, each ending in an alveolus. These tiny air sacs, numbering around 300 million in adult lungs, are where the critical gas exchange occurs. Gas Exchange Process Oxygen Uptake: Oxygen from inhaled air passes into the bloodstream within the alveoli. CO2 Elimination: Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood back into the lungs, ready to be exhaled. Exhalation Mechanism The carbon dioxide-rich air is expelled from the lungs, up through the airway, and out of the mouth or nose. Diaphragm and Intercostal Muscles Underneath the lungs lies the diaphragm, a key muscle that facilitates breathing. The external and internal intercostal muscles also play a significant role in the respiratory process. Interesting Fact The diaphragm's involuntary contractions are responsible for hiccups, highlighting its importance in respiratory mechanics. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8765/The_Respiratory_System-01.jpg Yes 118 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/the-brown-inhaler https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4925.mp4 The Brown Inhaler A Comprehensive Guide to Asthma Preventative Inhalers For those living with asthma, understanding the role and proper use of preventative inhalers is essential for effective management of the condition. The Brown Asthma Inhaler: A Preventative Tool The brown asthma inhaler, commonly used as a preventive measure, is crucial in reducing the sensitivity of airways to asthma triggers. Effective Usage and Importance Regular Use: Consistent usage as prescribed is key to preventing asthma attacks. Proper Inhalation Technique: Incorrect usage can diminish the effectiveness of the medication. Corticosteroids: The Active Medication Corticosteroids, the medication in preventative inhalers, play a vital role in reducing airway inflammation. Varieties of Preventative Inhalers Different types of inhalers are available to cater to varying needs and preferences, including metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry-powder inhalers (DPIs), and breath-actuated inhalers (BAIs). Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs) MDIs, commonly used by children, deliver medication in aerosol form and require precise coordination for effective use. Dry-Powder Inhalers (DPIs) and Breath-Actuated Inhalers (BAIs) DPIs and BAIs offer alternative methods of delivering the medication, suitable for different age groups and user preferences. Steroid Pills: An Alternative to Inhalers In some cases, steroid pills may be prescribed, particularly effective in children but with considerations regarding resistance to certain diseases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8771/The_Brown_Inhaler-01.jpg Yes 100 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/severe-asthma https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4928.mp4 Severe Asthma Severe Asthma: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management Severe asthma, affecting approximately 5% of asthma patients, presents unique management challenges due to its resistance to standard therapies and frequent severe symptoms. Characteristics of Severe Asthma Severe asthma is often therapy-resistant, leading to more frequent and intense symptoms and a higher likelihood of serious asthma attacks. Persistent Symptoms in Severe Asthma Chronic Breathlessness: Continuous struggle with breathing. Frequent Severe Attacks: Increased susceptibility to life-threatening asthma attacks. Emergency Medical Intervention Severe asthma attacks often necessitate immediate medical attention and potential hospitalization. Diagnosing Severe Asthma Determining if an individual has severe asthma involves comprehensive testing and evaluation in a specialist setting. Diagnostic Process for Severe Asthma Assessment of Underlying Conditions: Examination for other medical issues contributing to asthma severity. Response to Medications: Testing effectiveness of various asthma treatments. Role of Specialist Asthma Clinics Specialized clinics with multidisciplinary teams are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for severe asthma. Understanding Asthma Fluctuations Recognizing that asthma severity can vary over time is crucial. Not all symptom flare-ups indicate severe asthma; they may represent temporary exacerbations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8777/Severe_Asthma-01.jpg Yes 82 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/what-to-do-in-an-asthma-emergency https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4929.mp4 What to do in an Asthma Emergency Responding to an Asthma Attack: Emergency Steps and Precautions Understanding the Urgency of Asthma Attacks An asthma attack is a critical medical emergency due to the risk of oxygen deprivation. Prompt action is essential to restore healthy oxygen flow. Effects of Oxygen Deprivation Oxygen deprivation can cause faintness, loss of consciousness, and even brain cell death within minutes, leading to potential brain damage or death. Immediate Actions During an Asthma Attack Calming the person to reduce stress and strain on the body. Ensuring they sit down to relieve physical stress and aid breathing. Assisting with their prescribed medication, typically inhalers. Using Inhalers Correctly Inhalers relax the muscles in the bronchioles, improving air flow. Advise the person to use their reliever inhaler every 30 to 60 seconds, up to 10 times. When to Call for an Ambulance Call for emergency services if symptoms worsen after using the inhaler 10 times, the person doesn't have an inhaler, or falls unconscious. Additional Emergency Measures Loosening tight clothing around the neck. Staying on the phone with emergency services until help arrives. Starting resuscitation if the person becomes unconscious. Conclusion Recognizing and appropriately responding to an asthma attack can save lives. Calming the person, assisting with medication, and knowing when to call for help are crucial steps. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8779/What_to_do_in_an_Asthma_Emergency-01.jpg Yes 151 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/how-is-glucose-stored-in-the-body https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4343.mp4 How is Glucose Stored in the Body? Glucose Storage and Conversion: The Role of Glycogen and Insulin in Diabetes How the Body Stores Glucose To ensure a constant supply of glucose for energy, our bodies store as much glucose as possible. This is achieved by converting small glucose molecules into long chains called glycogen. Digestion and Absorption After consuming food, our bodies digest it into its constituent molecules. These molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to where they are needed, including glucose, which is converted into glycogen for storage. Structure and Benefits of Glycogen Glycogen is a highly branched molecule, allowing it to be quickly converted back into glucose. Its compact structure makes it efficient for storage in small spaces. Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and skeletal muscles. The Conversion Process The conversion of glycogen to glucose occurs via the Second Messenger Model and is facilitated by the enzyme Glucagon. Conversely, the conversion of glucose into glycogen is enabled by the enzyme Insulin. Both enzymes are produced in the pancreas by cells in the Islets of Langerhans. Regulation of Blood Sugar Levels When blood sugar levels are too high, the body secretes more insulin; when they are too low, more glucagon is released. In diabetes, there are issues with insulin production or sensitivity: Type 1 Diabetes: The body does not produce insulin. Type 2 Diabetes: The body loses its sensitivity to insulin. The Importance of Monitoring Blood Sugar Due to insulin-related problems, individuals with diabetes need to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels. A non-diabetic person should have a blood glucose level of: 4.0 to 5.4 millimoles per litre when fasting Up to 7.8 millimoles per litre up to 2 hours after eating This frequent testing helps manage and maintain safe blood sugar levels. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7783/How_is_Glucose_Stored_in_the_Body-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/type-1-diabetes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4346.mp4 Type 1 Diabetes Understanding Type 1 Diabetes: Causes, Hereditary Factors, and Treatment What is Type 1 Diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy body tissue, perceiving it as harmful. In the case of Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin. Impact on the Body As a result of this autoimmune attack, no insulin can be produced. This is problematic because insulin is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels and allow the body to store glucose. Without insulin, glucose levels in the bloodstream remain high. Unknown Causes The exact reason why the immune system attacks beta cells is still unknown. However, extensive research is ongoing to understand the underlying causes of this autoimmune response. Hereditary Factors Type 1 diabetes can be hereditary, but the chances of developing it are relatively low. If a close relative has Type 1 diabetes, there is about a 6% chance of developing the condition, compared to approximately 0.5% for those without a close relative with the condition. Treatment Options Pancreatic Transplant While a pancreatic transplant could theoretically cure Type 1 diabetes, it is rarely performed due to the risks associated with surgery and the long waiting list. Insulin Therapy The most common treatment for Type 1 diabetes is insulin therapy, typically administered via an insulin pump or injections. There are two main types of insulin administration: Long-acting insulin: Taken once or twice daily to provide the body with a steady supply of insulin regardless of food intake. Short-acting insulin: Taken after consuming food or drinks high in carbohydrates to manage blood glucose levels. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7789/Type_1_Diabetes-01.jpg Yes 112 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/hypoglycaemia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4345.mp4 Hypoglycaemia Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Sugar) – Causes, Signs and Treatment The opposite of having high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) is having low blood sugar, known as hypoglycaemia. Like hyperglycaemia, it most commonly affects people with diabetes, but it can occur in anyone under certain conditions. What Is Hypoglycaemia? Hypoglycaemia occurs when a person’s blood glucose level falls below 4 millimoles per litre (mmol/L). It is more common in people with diabetes who are treated with insulin, but it may also develop due to: Prolonged fasting or skipping meals. Excessive alcohol consumption. Critical illness or severe underlying medical conditions. As with hyperglycaemia, untreated hypoglycaemia can be very dangerous. If not managed quickly, it can lead to seizures, coma or even death. The good news is that mild to moderate episodes are usually quick and simple to treat if recognised early. Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia Hypoglycaemia typically has a very rapid onset, which can help distinguish it from hyperglycaemia, where symptoms usually develop more slowly. Common signs and symptoms of low blood sugar include: Noticeable changes in behaviour, such as irritability, confusion or unusual agitation. Hunger or a sudden strong desire to eat. Cold, sweaty or clammy skin. Rapid pulse but a normal breathing rate. Any combination of these symptoms, especially with a known history of diabetes, should raise suspicion of hypoglycaemia. Immediate First Aid for Hypoglycaemia While severe cases of hypoglycaemia may require emergency medical help, many mild to moderate episodes can be treated quickly and effectively. For Adults and Older Children People who are prone to hypoglycaemia, such as those with diabetes, are usually advised to carry a quick source of sugar with them at all times. This may include: Glucose gels. Glucose tablets. A quick-release high-sugar snack, such as a chocolate bar or a sugary drink. If symptoms of hypoglycaemia are present and the person is conscious and able to swallow safely: Give them a rapid-acting sugary food or drink as soon as possible. Wait around 10–15 minutes, then re-test their blood glucose level if they have a meter available. If their level is still low, repeat a quick source of sugar and monitor closely. If the person’s condition does not improve, if they become drowsy, confused, or lose consciousness, call the emergency services immediately. For Young Children In young children, if hypoglycaemia is suspected and they are conscious and able to swallow, you may give around half a teaspoon (about 2.5 grams) of sugar, for example: Placed carefully under the tongue, or Dissolved in a small amount of water if easier for the child to manage. Continue to observe the child closely and seek medical advice if there is no improvement or symptoms worsen. When to Call for Emergency Help You should call emergency medical services (999 in the UK) if: The person becomes unconscious or is difficult to rouse. They have a seizure. They are unable to swallow safely or keep food or drink down. There is no improvement after giving quick-acting sugar and waiting 10–15 minutes. Hypoglycaemia can be life-threatening if ignored, but with early recognition and prompt treatment, most episodes can be managed safely and effectively. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7787/Hypoglycaemia.jpg Yes 118 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/hyperglycaemia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4344.mp4 Hyperglycaemia Understanding Hyperglycaemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Emergency Response What is Hyperglycaemia? Hyperglycaemia is the medical term for high blood glucose levels. According to the World Health Organisation, hyperglycaemia is defined as having blood glucose levels greater than 7.0 millimoles per litre when fasting, or greater than 11.0 millimoles per litre two hours after meals. Who is Affected? Hyperglycaemia most commonly affects people with diabetes, but it can also occur in individuals without the condition. Various factors other than eating can cause hyperglycaemia, including: Missing doses of medication Stress Infections or illness Overtreating hypoglycaemia Why is Hyperglycaemia Serious? Hyperglycaemia is classified as a medical emergency due to the potential for serious complications if not treated promptly. These complications include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), which will be discussed in more detail later. Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of hyperglycaemia include: Rapid but weak pulse Dry, warm skin Rapid breathing Extreme thirst Unlike hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia has a gradual onset of symptoms, which is a key way to differentiate between the two. Additionally, a person with hyperglycaemia may have sweet-smelling breath due to excess sugar in their system. First Aid Response First Aid for hyperglycaemia is limited. However, if you suspect someone is experiencing hyperglycaemia, you should call 999 immediately for emergency medical assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7785/Hyperglycaemia-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/type-2-diabetes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4347.mp4 Type 2 Diabetes Understanding Type 2 Diabetes: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment What is Type 2 Diabetes? Although the end result is similar, Type 2 diabetes is quite different from Type 1. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes desensitised to insulin. This type accounts for up to 90% of all diabetes cases. Risk Factors Certain ethnic backgrounds have a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, including: Southern Asian Chinese African-Caribbean African People from these backgrounds are also more likely to develop the condition at a younger age, even if they were born in the UK. Having a close relative with Type 2 diabetes increases the likelihood of developing the condition. Additionally, being overweight or obese significantly raises the risk, which is why doctors often recommend dieting and exercise for those who are not at a healthy weight. Treatment Options Insulin Injections Treatment for Type 2 diabetes is more complex than for Type 1, as the body becomes desensitised to insulin. While some cases do require insulin injections, this is not the primary treatment method. Lifestyle Changes The main way to treat Type 2 diabetes is through lifestyle changes. By controlling sugar intake, individuals can maintain healthy blood glucose levels. This often involves a balanced diet and regular exercise. Medication Many people with Type 2 diabetes also take medication to lower their blood glucose levels. The most commonly used medication is metformin, although other medications may be prescribed depending on individual needs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7791/Type_2_Diabetes-01.jpg Yes 95 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/types-of-head-injury-and-consciousness https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1530.mp4 Types of head injury and consciousness Head Injuries: First Aid Guide Introduction Head injuries are relatively common, and their severity may not always be immediately apparent to a first aider. It's crucial to handle them with caution due to the brain's sensitivity and the potential for spinal injury. 1. Suspecting Spinal Injury Always consider the possibility of spinal injury when dealing with head injuries. Assess the injury's circumstances carefully. 2. Assessing Consciousness with AVPU To gauge the patient's level of consciousness, use the AVPU scale: A - Alert: Are their eyes open, and do they respond to questions? V - Voice: Do they respond to voice or simple commands? P - Pain: Do they react to touch or pinching? U - Unresponsive: If they don't respond to voice or pain. Record your findings and reassess to report any changes to their condition. 3. Activating Emergency Services If you have any concerns or the head injury seems serious, activate the emergency services immediately. Head injuries can be severe. 4. Monitoring a Head Injury A head injury might not have an obvious site. Monitor the patient carefully as they may act out of character, potentially being aggressive. 5. Recognizing Concussion Concussion can result from head injuries. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and emergency treatment may be necessary. The common symptoms of concussion include: Nausea and loss of balance Confusion Memory difficulties Feeling dazed or stunned 6. Identifying Cerebral Compression Cerebral compression involves pressure on the brain due to swelling or bleeding, and it's a severe condition. It can be caused by head injuries, strokes, brain tumours, or infections. Signs and symptoms of cerebral compression include: Personality changes Deteriorating consciousness Slow and noisy breathing Intense headache Vomiting Drowsiness Unequal pupils Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body 7. Understanding Cerebral Contusion Cerebral contusion involves brain bruising, occurring in 20-30% of serious head injuries. It results from damaged blood vessels and can lead to motor coordination, numbness, and memory problems. 8. Recognizing Skull Fractures Skull fractures result from direct or indirect force, sometimes causing clear fluid or blood from ears and nose. Seek immediate medical attention in such cases. 9. Basic Treatment for Head Injuries The general approach for head injuries is consistent: Consider potential spinal injury. Treat any bleeding. Activate emergency services. Lie the patient down with head and shoulders raised. Monitor breathing. Avoid giving food or drink. 10. Dealing with Helmets If the patient is wearing a helmet (e.g., cycle, riding, or motorcycle helmet), leave it on unless it obstructs the airway or if they aren't breathing. If helmet removal is necessary, do it slowly and carefully with two people. Note any marks on the helmet as they may provide insight into the injury. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2693/Types_of_head_injury_and_consciousness-01.jpg Yes 389 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/testing-blood-sugar---live https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4383.mp4 Testing Blood Sugar - Live Managing Diabetes: Blood Glucose Testing and Insulin Administration Starting Blood Glucose Testing When I first began testing my blood glucose levels, it was a daunting task. The idea of pricking my finger with what I imagined was a huge needle was intimidating, but in reality, the needle is tiny. Sitting there, I would think, "I'll do it in a minute," but it doesn't hurt as much as you'd expect. Frequency of Testing I test my blood glucose levels two or three times a day. If I am experiencing a hypo or approaching a hyperglycaemic state, I test more frequently. Fingers can become sore, especially if you use the same pads repeatedly. I use my left hand since I'm right-handed, making it easier to handle the needle. It's a bit uncomfortable, but manageable. Overcoming the Fear of Injections Initially, I was very scared of injecting myself. At the hospital, they gave me a rubber ball to practise on. I inject into my stomach, though some prefer their legs. Injecting in the stomach is easier for me and doesn't really hurt. The idea that it stings is largely a myth; you get used to it quickly. Blood Glucose Testing Process This is my diabetes case: The device that measures blood glucose contains the needle for finger pricking. Insert a test strip into the device, which prepares itself automatically. Prime the needle, place it on your finger, and press the button to pierce the skin. Squeeze your finger to produce a drop of blood and apply it to the test strip. For instance, my reading came out at 7.8, a bit high. Ideally, it should be around 6. I'll monitor it throughout the day, test again after lunch, drink water, and use insulin if necessary to lower it. Using the Insulin Pen If I need to take insulin, this is the pen I use: Shake the pen to mix the insulin. Remove the needle cap and screw the needle onto the pen. Prime the pen to the required dosage, typically 50 units in the evening or 10 units for a daytime top-up. Inject into the stomach, pressing the button to deliver the insulin. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7943/Testing_Blood_Sugar_-_Live-01.jpg Yes 224 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/testing-blood-sugar https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4351.mp4 Testing Blood Sugar Monitoring Blood Glucose Levels: Managing Diabetes Effectively The Importance of Blood Glucose Monitoring Knowing the level of glucose in their blood allows individuals with diabetes to manage their condition more effectively. This monitoring provides greater control and helps detect early signs of hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Using Finger-Pricking Devices Finger-pricking devices are automatic tools used by people with diabetes to test their blood sugar. These devices use a lancet, a very short and fine needle, to pierce the skin and extract a blood sample. Preparation and Sterilisation Since the skin is a natural barrier against infection, it is crucial to sterilise both the site to be pierced and the lancet. An alcohol pad or wipe is typically used to clean the area beforehand. Collecting the Blood Sample Only one drop of blood is needed to test sugar levels. Initially, the process might be painful, but individuals quickly adapt. It's essential to use a new test strip each time to ensure the blood sample is fresh and uncontaminated. Tips for Blood Collection For some people, sitting down and lowering their hand can help if blood flow is restricted. This simple adjustment can make the process easier and more effective. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7799/Testing_Blood_Sugar-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/paediatric-fracture https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/241.mp4 Fractures Understanding Fractures and Dislocations Types of Bone Injuries Fractures Fractures are breaks in the bones: Closed fractures: Bone is broken without breaking the skin. Compound fractures: Bone punctures through the skin. Complicated fractures: Involves nerve damage alongside the bone break. Dislocations Dislocations occur when a joint comes out of its normal position: Definition: Joint separation due to trauma. Causes of Fractures Fractures can occur due to various reasons: Falling, being hit, joint pulling or twisting, crushing, or bending of a bone. Symptoms and Signs Recognising fractures by their symptoms: Pain, deformity, bruising, swelling, and immobility around the injured area. May observe limb shortening or difficulty in moving the affected part. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the fracture (e.g., skull vs. leg). Types of Fractures Distinguishing between different fracture types: Closed fractures: Skin remains intact with possible bone crack. Open fractures: Bone protrudes through the skin, causing additional complications like bleeding and distress. Stable fractures: Bone ends remain aligned without movement. Unstable fractures: Bone ends can shift, requiring careful handling to prevent tissue damage. Treatment and First Aid First aid measures for fractures: Immobilize the limb in the found position to prevent further damage. Seek professional medical assistance promptly. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/429/Fractures-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/electrocution-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/312.mp4 Electrical Injuries Workplace Electrical Accidents: Risks, Injuries, and First Aid Overview An examination of workplace electrical accidents in the UK, including risks, common injuries, and first aid measures. Statistics Annual Incidents: Approximately 1,000 reported electrical accidents occur in UK workplaces annually. Fatalities: Out of these incidents, 25 result in fatalities. Risk Factors Various sources of electrical hazards within the workplace. Common Sources: Mains electricity, high voltage cables, batteries, static electricity, and even lightning. Common Injuries An analysis of the most prevalent injuries resulting from electrical accidents. Direct Contact: Injuries often stem from direct contact with an electrical charge. Potential Causes: Reasons for contact include poorly maintained equipment, machine interactions with power lines, unsuitable equipment in wet or explosive environments, and contact with underground power lines. Electricity Path: When a body part contacts live electricity, it becomes the conduit for the electrical charge, leading to muscle contractions, potential burns, sparks, and more. Severity and Treatment Factors influencing the severity of electrical injuries and initial first aid steps. Current Impact: The severity depends on the current's strength, duration of contact, and the path it takes through the body. Fatality Risk: Currents as low as 60mA can be fatal in wet conditions, affecting the heart's electrical activity and causing cardiac arrest. Burns: Electricity can lead to severe burns, both entry and exit points, which can be painful and slow to heal. Fire and Explosion: Electrical sparks can trigger fires or explosions. First Aid Immediate actions to take when providing first aid for electrical injuries. Scene Safety: Ensure your own safety before assisting the patient. Assess Breathing: Check if the patient is breathing; initiate CPR if necessary. Unconscious Patients: Place unconscious patients in the recovery position and inspect for additional injuries. Secondary Injuries: Assess for burns, falls, flying objects, sharp wires, or melted plastic. Child Safety Preventing electrical injuries involving children through precautions and awareness. Child Risks: Children can encounter electrical hazards from sockets, playing with equipment, or damaging wires. Precautions: Implement safety measures wherever children and electricity may intersect. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/571/Electrical_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 207 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/what-are-common-injuries-within-a-nursery https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4115.mp4 What are common injuries within a nursery? Common Injuries in Nurseries and Childminding Variety of Injuries The injuries encountered in nurseries and childminding settings are highly varied. Young children are curious and tend to explore everything, often putting objects into their mouths. Examples: Washing powder capsules, soft and spongy items Risks: Ingesting harmful chemicals like hydrochloric acid Insertion: Objects in ears, nose, and mouth, including small items like lego bricks and marbles Accidents: Pulling objects onto themselves, tipping tables Resilience of Children Children are resilient and often bounce back from minor incidents due to their supple nature. Common Occurrences: Bumps, scratches, grazes Exceptional Cases: Serious incidents like strangulation from curtain hangers Preventive Measures To ensure safety in childminding and nursery care: Constant Supervision: Never take eyes off children Safe Environment: Keep objects out of reach, secure hanging items Proactive Approach: Remove potential hazards promptly It's crucial to maintain vigilant supervision and eliminate risks to prevent accidents in childcare settings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7367/What_are_common_injuries_within_a_nursery-01.jpg Yes 131 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/introduction https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/492.mp4 About Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis: Understanding the Allergic Challenge The Timeless Presence of Anaphylaxis An Ongoing Issue: Contrary to common belief, anaphylaxis has a long history, but its significance has grown in recent years. Anaphylaxis Unveiled A Serious Allergic Reaction: Anaphylaxis is a severe form of allergic response, triggered by various means, including ingestion, inhalation, injection, or contact with allergenic substances. The Role of Allergens: An allergen is the substance responsible for the allergic reaction. Allergens are unique to individuals, and not everyone shares the same allergens. Diverse Reactions: While some may experience mild discomfort from a bee sting, those allergic to it face complex symptoms, sometimes leading to fatal consequences if not promptly treated. The Challenging Breathing: Persons facing anaphylaxis often encounter severe breathing difficulties, adding to the stress of the situation. The Role of Food Labeling Mandatory Allergen Disclosure: EU regulations since 2011 have mandated clear labeling of potential allergens in food products due to the rising prevalence of allergies and anaphylaxis. Identifying Allergenic Risks: These regulations enable consumers to assess food packaging for potential allergens, enhancing safety for those with allergies. Travel and Allergies: Notably, airline announcements about nut allergies illustrate the widespread impact of allergies and anaphylaxis in various domains. The Changing Home Environment Controlled Living Spaces: Modern homes maintain stable temperature and humidity levels compared to older, drafty residences. Reduced Early Exposure: This controlled environment limits early exposure to allergens, potentially hindering the development of natural antibodies. Links with Asthma: Anaphylaxis is intertwined with the escalating issue of asthma, compounding health challenges. Seeking Medical Assistance Prompt EMS Contact: Anaphylaxis rapidly progresses, necessitating immediate EMS contact, even if initial relief is provided by an auto-injector. The Soaring Prevalence A Growing Allergy Epidemic: In 2016, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology revealed that over 150 million Europeans grapple with chronic allergic conditions. Predictions estimate that by 2025, half of the EU population will be affected by such challenges. Stay informed about the evolving landscape of anaphylaxis. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/987/About_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 215 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/initial-assessment-and-recovery-position---paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4265.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position - Paediatric Initial Assessment and the Recovery Position In this film, we will look at the initial assessment of a casualty and how to place someone into the recovery position safely and correctly. Calling for Help If someone is with you and the situation requires it, ask them to call the emergency services immediately. If you are alone, continue with your assessment first and then call for help as soon as it is safe to do so. You may also be able to shout for help to attract the attention of others nearby. Check for Response Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess them. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Check for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Quickly look into the mouth for any visible obstruction With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing, you must call the emergency medical services immediately and begin CPR. If they are breathing normally, CPR is not required. When the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing: Send someone to call an ambulance, ensuring they return and tell you when help is on the way Your priority becomes maintaining an open airway and preventing choking Head-to-Toe Check If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe assessment before moving the casualty. Gently feel the shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If you find no signs of significant injury, the casualty can be placed into the recovery position. Placing the Casualty into the Recovery Position Ensure the casualty is lying on their back with their legs straight and together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the leg as a lever and supporting the head and airway, gently roll the casualty onto their side, facing you Once in position: Check that the airway is open Ensure the casualty is breathing normally Adjust the legs to help maintain stability Ongoing Care From this point, your role as a first aider is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they are unconscious Monitor their breathing continuously If you are alone and need to leave to get help: Check that they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised or fluid is present in the mouth, the recovery position may still be required If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect the airway Key Points to Remember Introduce yourself and check for response Open the airway and check for breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor the casualty until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7665/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 208 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/face-shields-paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5421.mp4 Face shields and children Face Shields for CPR: Types and Usage Effective Protection during CPR Face shields are essential for protecting against contact with vomit, blood, or other substances during rescue breaths. Using Face Shields If you do not have a face shield or are uncomfortable giving rescue breaths, performing chest compressions alone is an alternative. Types of Face Shields Face shields come in two main types: Filter Paper: You blow through this type. One-Way Valve: Allows squeezing of the nose; both types are simple to use and prevent contact with substances. Portability and Accessibility Both types often include a pouch and keyring for easy access and are typically included in BSI first-aid kits. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another effective type of face shield: They seal around the face and use a one-way valve for ventilation. The mask is housed in a plastic case, easily removable by pushing to pop it up. An elastic strap secures the mask around the patient's head, ensuring a tight seal. Some models include a cap for oxygen delivery if available. Disposal Face shields are single-use items and should be disposed of safely after use to prevent contamination. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9637/Face_shields_and_children-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/types-of-fracture https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5423.mp4 Types of fracture Understanding Bone Fractures: Types and Characteristics Introduction Bones, though sturdy, are susceptible to fractures under certain conditions. The severity and nature of a fracture depend on various factors such as the force of impact and the individual's bone strength. Types of Fractures 1. Open or Compound Fracture Description: Bone breaks through the skin, posing a risk of excessive bleeding and infection. 2. Transverse Fracture Description: Bone breaks in a straight line across its width. 3. Stable Fracture Description: Broken bone ends align properly with minimal displacement. 4. Complicated Fracture Description: Injury extends beyond the bone, affecting surrounding tissues such as blood vessels and nerves. 5. Fracture-Dislocation Description: Joint dislocation accompanied by a fracture in one of the joint's bones. 6. Greenstick Fracture Description: Bone bends and breaks but remains partially connected. 7. Spiral Fracture Description: Break spirals around the bone, commonly observed in long bones. 8. Compression Fracture Description: Bone is crushed, resulting in a wider and flatter shape, often seen in the spine. 9. Stress Fracture (Hairline Fracture) Description: Tiny cracks in the bone surface, challenging to detect via standard X-rays. 10. Impact Fracture Description: Bone ends are driven together by force during impact. 11. Oblique Fracture Description: Diagonal fracture across the bone, common in long bones. 12. Comminuted Fracture Description: Bone shatters into three or more pieces with fragments at the break. 13. Avulsion Fracture Description: Tendon or ligament pulls a fragment of bone away. 14. Segmental Fracture Description: Bone fractures in two places, leaving a floating segment between the breaks, often observed in long bones. Treatment Considerations While understanding fracture types is beneficial, initial treatment typically follows similar protocols regardless of the specific fracture name. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9651/Types_of_fractures_of_the_body.jpg Yes 140 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/shock-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/114.mp4 Shock Understanding Shock: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Shock is defined as a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues. It is a life-threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to provide enough oxygenated blood to the body. Causes of Shock Shock can be triggered by various factors, including: Severe internal or external bleeding Loss of body fluids (e.g., dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, or burns) Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) Infections (e.g., septic shock) Spinal cord injury Types of Shock Hypovolemic Shock Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a lack of fluid or blood volume in the circulatory system. This results in the heart working harder to pump blood around the body. A common cause of hypovolemic shock is significant blood loss, which can be due to internal or external bleeding. Neurogenic Shock Neurogenic shock is caused by a disruption in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) pathways, often following an injury to the central nervous system, such as a spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. Complications include sustained and severe hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate), which can persist for weeks after the injury. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The ANS is a part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for involuntary bodily functions, such as: Heart rate regulation Blood pressure control Respiration Digestion The ANS has two main branches: Sympathetic nervous system: Prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses Parasympathetic nervous system: Promotes "rest and digest" activities Cardiogenic Shock Cardiogenic shock is a critical condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This leads to inadequate blood flow to vital organs, which can cause severe complications. It is most often caused by a major heart attack, though not everyone who has a heart attack will experience cardiogenic shock. Anaphylactic Shock Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction to substances like food, insect stings, or medications. It is a life-threatening condition and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms of Shock The symptoms of shock include: Rapid and shallow breathing Weak pulse Sweating Pale, clammy, cold skin Blue-grey areas around the lips and extremities Weakness and dizziness Nausea or vomiting Restlessness or aggressive behavior Thirst, yawning, and sighing Loss of consciousness in severe cases First Aid Treatment for Shock If someone is in shock, follow these emergency steps: Call emergency services (EMS) immediately. Check for any visible injuries and provide appropriate treatment. Lay the patient down and elevate their legs 15 to 30 cm to help blood flow to vital organs, unless it causes discomfort or worsens other injuries. Keep the patient warm by covering them with a blanket or coat. Reassure the patient to keep them calm. Do not give them anything to eat or drink, as this could divert blood from vital organs to the stomach. Monitor the patient carefully. If they stop breathing, begin CPR. Fainting: A Mild Form of Shock Fainting is often considered a mild form of shock. It can be treated by laying the person down and elevating their legs. In most cases, fainting does not require calling emergency services, as the person usually recovers quickly. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/181/Shock_and_Fainting-01.jpg Yes 250 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/what3words---location-app https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4780.mp4 What3Words - location app Using What3Words to Pinpoint Your Location for Emergency Services When calling emergency medical services, accurately describing your location can be difficult, especially in remote or unfamiliar areas. What3Words is an app that helps solve this problem by pinpointing your exact location using three unique words. How What3Words Works What3Words assigns three random words to a 3-meter by 3-meter square on the Earth's surface. By providing these words to emergency services, they can quickly and accurately find your location. Using the What3Words Website You can use the What3Words website (www.what3words.com) to find your current location or search for a specific address. The algorithm also includes error checking to ensure that slightly incorrect words still lead to the correct location. Using the What3Words App By downloading the What3Words app on your smartphone, you can easily find your current location and store saved locations for future reference. Who Uses What3Words? Around 80% of UK emergency services now use What3Words, along with roadside assistance services like the AA and various UK delivery companies. How to Find Your Location Using What3Words Visit www.what3words.com or open the app. Search for a postcode, or place, or allow the app to find your current location. Select the correct 3-meter square on the map to generate the three unique words for that location. Take note of the three words for future reference or to share with emergency services. What3Words is an innovative and effective way to pinpoint your exact location, no matter where you are in the world. Give it a try to ensure your safety during emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8507/What3Words_-_location_app.jpg Yes 119 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/stabilising-the-spine https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5424.mp4 Stabilising the spine How to Immobilize a Suspected Spinal Injury Understanding the Importance Recognizing the significance of immobilizing the head in cases of suspected spinal injury is crucial. Any motion at this stage could potentially harm the spinal cord, resulting in life-altering disabilities or even fatality. Spinal injuries can arise from various incidents, including car accidents and falls. In this scenario, we will focus on addressing a potential spinal injury occurring on a sports field. Ensuring Airway Maintenance When dealing with a suspected spinal injury, it's imperative to act promptly while ensuring proper airway maintenance: Step 1: Assess the head's position and gently and gradually move it into a neutral alignment to secure the airway. Methods of Head Support There are three effective approaches to support the head without risking further injury: Method 1: Use your hands on either side of the head to hold it securely. Be mindful not to obstruct their ears, maintaining communication with clear direct speech to prevent unnecessary head movements. Method 2: Alternatively, you can support the head by positioning it between your knees on either side. This method reduces physical strain and allows for extended head support. Method 3: For prolonged head support, consider laying down on the floor while using your hands to cradle the head. This approach minimizes fatigue and ensures stable immobilization. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9653/Stabilising_the_spine_in_a_first_aid_emergency.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/giving-a-second-dose https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/511.mp4 Giving a second dose 💉 Using a Second Auto-Injector In some cases, one auto-injector may not be enough to treat a severe allergic reaction. A doctor may prescribe two auto-injectors based on the patient’s medical history, previous reactions, body size, or severity of allergy. However, not all patients are prescribed two, so it’s important to ask the patient directly if they carry two auto-injectors. 🕒 When to Use the Second Auto-Injector If the first auto-injector has been used and the casualty is no better or getting worse, a second dose may be given between 5 and 15 minutes later. After administering the first auto-injector, it's good practice to locate the second unit immediately in case it is needed. 💡 How to Use the Second Injector Auto-injectors are single-use only. The second dose should be given in the opposite leg to the first injection for the best chance of success. 🚑 Informing Paramedics Always tell the paramedics exactly what has been done – including the fact that two auto-injectors have been used. This information is vital, as paramedics may administer further medications upon arrival. 🧾 Storage and Expiry Tips If you are the patient and have been prescribed two auto-injectors: Store them together and according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Check the expiry dates regularly. Even if prescribed at the same time, expiry dates may differ between the two units. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1007/Giving_a_second_dose-01.jpg Yes 90 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/course-summary-optionalblended https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4815.mp4 Course Summary Congratulations on Completing Your Course! Flexible Learning Options Our courses offer the flexibility of 100% online learning. Additionally, you have the option to enhance your skills with a practical session. Practical Skills Session If you prefer hands-on training, our approved and monitored instructors can conduct practical skills sessions at your workplace, regional training centres, or even virtually through our online training platform. Locating a Local Instructor If you need assistance finding a nearby instructor or wish to arrange a workplace visit, please get in touch with us via phone, email, or our online chat feature. Access and Review You'll have access to the course for eight months, allowing you to revisit and refresh your skills. Keep an eye out for any new instructional videos we may add. Course Test Now, it's time to take the course test. You have the opportunity to review videos, documents, and student resources before starting the test. Test Guidelines The test has no time limit but must be completed in one sitting. Questions include multiple-choice and true/false. Incorrect answers prompt additional guidance, and you can make different choices without affecting your final score. Adaptive Testing System Our adaptive testing system ensures that each participant receives different questions. Successful completion of each course section is required. If you don't pass a section, extra questions will be provided, and you can retake the test after reviewing course materials. Completion Certificates Once you pass the test, you can print your completion certificate. Visit the course homepage anytime to print your Certified CPD statement and evidence-based learning statement. Explore Our Offerings ProTrainings offers a wide range of courses, with over 300 available at regional centres or your workplace. Many are offered as remote virtual courses, with live online instruction. Contact Us For course inquiries or group training solutions, please reach out to us at 01206 805359 or via email at support@protrainings.uk. Thank you for selecting ProTrainings! Best of luck with your test. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8581/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/household-cleaning-products-poisoning-and-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2891.mp4 Household Cleaning Products Poisoning and first aid Preventing Household Poisoning in Children Risks and Awareness Thousands of children and infants require medical care each year due to poisoning from common household products. Most Vulnerable Group: Children under five, especially those aged one to three, are at the highest risk. UK Hospital Admissions: Approximately 15 children under five are admitted daily due to sudden poisoning incidents. Causes of Poisoning Young children are particularly vulnerable due to: Inquisitiveness and exploration leading to ingestion of household items. Copying behaviours, including handling dangerous products. Mistaking detergent capsules for toys or sweets, posing ingestion and eye irritation risks. Symptoms of Poisoning Serious poisoning may present with: Projectile vomiting Abdominal pain Drowsiness or reduced consciousness Breathing difficulties Seizures Immediate Actions for Suspected Poisoning Seek Medical Help: Contact emergency services immediately. Do Not: Allow the child to drink anything or induce vomiting. Preserve Evidence: Keep a sample of the substance if known. Unconscious Child: Attempt to wake them and encourage spitting out of pills. Chemical Burns: Rinse affected areas with cold water or milk. Providing Medical Information When seeking medical assistance, provide: Details of the substance ingested, timing, and quantity if known. Circumstances of ingestion (accidental or deliberate). Any observed symptoms like vomiting. Preventing Accidents with Household Cleaning Products Supervise Closely: Monitor children closely in home environments. Secure Storage: Store chemicals out of sight and reach, ideally in locked cupboards. Use Original Containers: Keep products in their original labelled containers. Immediate Disposal: Dispose of unwanted products safely and promptly. Separate Storage: Store cleaning products away from food and medicine. Follow Instructions: Use products strictly according to label instructions. Avoid Mixing: Do not mix household chemicals, as this can create hazardous gases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5295/Household_Cleaning_Products_Poisoning_and_first_aid-01.jpg Yes 208 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/alternative-emergency-phone-numbers https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/6188.mp4 Alternative emergency phone numbers Emergency and Non-Emergency Numbers in the UK Introduction In the midst of a crisis, it's crucial to reach out swiftly. The UK offers a selection of emergency and non-emergency numbers catering to various needs. Emergency Services in the UK 999: The Primary Emergency Number The 999 number stands as the most recognised emergency helpline in the UK, always at the ready for immediate crises. 112: A Lifeline for Travellers 112, akin to 999, offers free emergency assistance. This number, part of the European Emergency Number Association, is operational across the EU, making it a boon for travellers. Many non-EU countries also acknowledge 112, ensuring that you're never too far from help. Non-Emergency Numbers 101: For Police Queries For situations not requiring instantaneous action, 101 serves as the police's non-emergency hotline. Be it reporting a minor mishap or seeking general information, this is your go-to number. NHS 111: Medical Assistance When It's Not Dire The NHS 111 line, active in England, Scotland, and parts of Wales, addresses non-life-threatening medical concerns. Trained advisors, backed by medical professionals, guide callers, be it for advice, an appointment, or an ambulance dispatch if deemed necessary. 105: Power Cut Information Inaugurated in 2016, 105 is a nationwide service for reporting or enquiring about local power cuts, catering to England, Scotland, and Wales. 0800405040: British Transport Police Non-Emergency Line For railway-related non-urgent matters, dial 0800405040. Alternatively, text them at 61016. 116123: Samaritans' Emotional Support The 116123 number connects individuals to the Samaritans charity, offering emotional guidance to anyone in distress or facing suicidal thoughts across the UK and Ireland. Conclusion It's imperative to utilise the right number in crises. By doing so, you ensure that 999 remains readily accessible for life-threatening situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/11034/Alternative_emergency_phone_numbers-01.jpg Yes 175 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/heat-emergencies-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/179.mp4 Heat emergencies Understanding Body Temperature Regulation Introduction The human body is remarkably adept at maintaining and regulating its temperature, even in extreme heat and cold conditions. It employs a combination of conscious actions and automatic mechanisms to achieve this balance. 1. Conscious Temperature Control Humans have the ability to consciously control their body temperature. Some methods include: Adjusting clothing: Adding or removing layers to suit the temperature. Seeking shade: Moving out of direct sunlight to stay cooler. Swimming: A refreshing activity to cool down on hot days. Indoor heating: Using heaters to warm up in colder environments. These actions are deliberate choices we make based on our surroundings. 2. Automatic Temperature Regulation Additionally, our bodies have an automatic thermostat that helps maintain temperature by: Adjusting circulation: Redirecting blood flow to conserve or release heat. Managing heartbeat: Increasing or decreasing heart rate to regulate temperature. Environmental control: Sweating to cool down or shivering to warm up. These mechanisms work seamlessly to keep our body temperature within a healthy range. 3. Heat Exhaustion Problems can arise when the body's thermostat malfunctions, particularly in extreme temperatures. Heat exhaustion is a common issue in hot conditions and manifests with symptoms such as: High body temperature Excessive sweating Rapid breathing General distress To treat heat exhaustion: Move the patient to a cooler environment. Provide small sips of water. Keep them calm and comfortable. 4. Heatstroke Heatstroke is a far more serious condition that occurs when the body's thermostat fails due to extreme heat. Signs of heatstroke include: Absence of sweating Dry skin Elevated body temperature Altered consciousness Do not give fluids to a heatstroke patient, as their body has stopped sweating. Immediate action is crucial: Cool the person down with cold, wet towels or a hose. Continuously monitor their respiration and consciousness. 5. Preventing Heat-Related Issues Dehydration is a common factor in heat-related problems. To avoid these issues: Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water when exposed to higher temperatures. Consider using electrolyte powders or pre-made drinks to maintain hydration, especially during strenuous activities in the heat. Proper hydration is essential for the body to effectively regulate its temperature. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/309/Heat_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/using-gloves-paed https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5052.mp4 Using gloves Proper Use of Gloves in First Aid: Minimising Infection Risk Fear of infection can discourage people from providing emergency first aid. Using gloves during first aid can help protect both the provider and the patient. Choosing the Right Gloves There are various types of gloves commonly used in first aid, including nitrile and vinyl gloves. Latex gloves are less common due to the risk of allergic reactions. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder making them easier to put on. However, some people may be allergic to the powder. Vinyl Gloves Vinyl gloves are often used in food preparation and are not very strong. They can tear easily, so it's essential to be cautious when putting them on. Nitrile Gloves Nitrile gloves are popular in first aid and come in different colours. Some organisations use specific colours for particular areas or purposes. These gloves are ambidextrous and fit on either hand. Putting on Gloves Before putting gloves on, remove any rings that may tear the glove and check for holes or tears. Put the gloves on carefully, as demonstrated in the video, and always check for any tears after putting them on. Changing and Disposing of Gloves When dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to avoid cross-contamination. BSI first aid kits typically include at least six pairs of gloves. Proper removal of gloves is crucial to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids. Remove them as demonstrated in the video and dispose of them in a biohazard bag or bin. Do not put them in general waste. Workplaces may have specific rules for disposing of gloves and other contaminated materials, so always check local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9007/Using_gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/embedded-objects-paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5054.mp4 Embedded Objects Treating Embedded Objects in the Body Understanding Embedded Objects An embedded object occurs when something penetrates the body, such as a knife or glass. Handling Small Objects If dealing with small objects like dirt or grit: Rinse the wound under tap water to remove them. Dealing with Embedded Objects For objects deeply embedded in the body: Do not attempt to remove them yourself. Leaving the object in place can help reduce further damage. Examples and Risks Objects like knives or glass present specific risks: If removed incorrectly, they can cause additional tissue damage and increased bleeding. Medical advice often recommends leaving such objects in until hospital treatment. First Aid Procedure When faced with an embedded object: Wear gloves and apply two dressings around the object to stabilize it. Secure the dressings with a bandage, ensuring not to cover the object directly. Check for bleeding and monitor the injury site. Consider elevating the injured limb if appropriate, avoiding pressure on the embedded object. Transport to Hospital Embedded objects require professional removal: Transport the person to emergency services promptly. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9015/Embedded_Objects-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/differences-in-child-size-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/167.mp4 Differences in Child Size https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/287/Differences_in_Child_Size-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/signs-and-symptoms https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/575.mp4 Common causes of allergic reactions Common Allergens: Identifying Potential Triggers Understanding Allergens Introduction: We've previously explored allergens and their diverse nature. Wide-Ranging Allergic Reactions: Allergic individuals might react to multiple allergens, not limited to a single substance. Common Allergens Overview: Here are some of the most prevalent allergens: Insect Venom: Bites and stings from bees, wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets Foods: Nuts, shellfish, crustaceans, peanuts, milk, eggs, and chocolate Plants: Contact with poison ivy, poison oak, and exposure to pollen from ragweed and grasses Medications: Including penicillin, other antibiotics, aspirin, seizure medications, muscle relaxants, and over-the-counter remedies Other Substances: Dust, latex, glue, soaps, and make-up Understanding these common allergens is crucial in managing and preventing allergic reactions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/997/Common_causes_of_allergic_reactions-01.jpg Yes 57 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/burn-clingfilm https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/425.mp4 Treating a burn Treating Burns with Plastic Film Introduction Learn how to treat burns using plastic film as a protective covering. Materials Needed Burn film: Specialized burns film or regular plastic wrap for food storage. Scissors: Blunt-ended shears for cutting the film. Gloves: To maintain cleanliness during the procedure. Procedure Follow these steps when dealing with a burn using plastic film: Prepare the Film: Begin by removing any dirty or non-sterile sections of the film, ensuring a clean piece for use. Inspect the Burn: Check the burn site and remove any jewelry to prevent constriction due to swelling. Application: Layer the film gently over the burn, avoiding wrapping it tightly to accommodate potential swelling. Secure the Film: To prevent it from slipping, use a bandage to lightly secure the film in place, allowing easy removal if necessary. Additional Tips Reducing Pain: The film helps expel air and oxygen, reducing pain in the affected area. Transport: If transporting the patient to the hospital, ensure the film is securely in place but not too tight to account for swelling. Caution: Be cautious when applying the film to larger areas of the body to avoid unnecessary constriction. Remember, burns requiring plastic film treatment should be assessed by a medical professional as soon as possible. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/797/Treating_a_burn.jpg Yes 405 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/anaphylaxis-patient-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3685.mp4 Anaphylaxis patient position Anaphylactic Reaction: Patient Recovery Positions Choosing the Right Position Selecting the Appropriate Position: Helping a patient recover from an anaphylactic reaction involves choosing the right position based on their condition. Using an Auto-Injector Auto-Injector Use: When administering an auto-injector, the patient should either lie flat or sit down for their safety and comfort. Semi-Recumbent Position Semi-Recumbent Option: If symptoms affect breathing, consider placing the patient in a semi-recumbent position, propped with pillows or resting on someone else. This position aids in easier breathing. Managing Low Blood Pressure Dealing with Low Blood Pressure: If the patient feels cold, dizzy, weak, or exhibits clamminess or sweating, they may have low blood pressure. Lay them down and elevate their legs, allowing blood to flow back to the head. Avoid sudden position changes, which can worsen their condition. Preventing Aspiration Minimizing Aspiration Risk: When lying the patient down, turn their head to the side to prevent inhalation of vomit in case of sudden sickness. Be prepared to turn them on their side if vomiting seems likely. If the patient loses consciousness, place them in the recovery position. If they stop breathing, commence CPR. Recovery Position Steps Transition to Recovery Position: To move the patient into the recovery position, follow these steps: Place the patient on their back. Take the hand closest to you and position it at a 90-degree angle from the body with the elbow bent. Lean across the patient and pull their other hand across the body by the thumb. Interlock your fingers and hold their hand against their face on your side. With your other hand, grip the leg farthest from you and raise it so the foot is flat on the floor. Move your hand to the far side of the knee and pull them toward you, using the leg as a lever while supporting their head with your other hand. Release their hand and tilt their head back to open the airway. Position their hand near their face to provide support. Adjust their leg for proper circulation and support. Ensure their airway is open and monitor breathing and vital signs until EMS arrives. Calling for Professional Help Contacting Emergency Services: Regardless of the patient's condition, always call EMS in cases of anaphylaxis, even if the patient's symptoms improve. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6587/Anaphylaxis_patient_position-01.jpg Yes 144 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/why-is-glucose-so-important https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4342.mp4 Why is Glucose So Important? The Role of Glucose in Aerobic Respiration and Life Processes What Are Blood Sugar Levels? Blood sugar levels refer to the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Glucose, with the chemical formula C6H12O6, exists in two forms: Alpha Glucose and Beta Glucose. The Importance of Glucose Glucose is essential for proper bodily function as it is the main reactant in aerobic respiration, alongside oxygen. New supplies of glucose are constantly needed, which is why we breathe continuously to regenerate this supply. Respiration: A Key Characteristic of Life Respiration is one of the seven key characteristics of life, remembered by the mnemonic MRS GREN: Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition At least four of these characteristics are related to glucose uptake and use, which are critical in understanding diabetes. The Process of Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration involves four main stages: Glycolysis The Link Reaction The Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation Another type of respiration, anaerobic respiration, occurs when oxygen is not present. Reactants in Respiration While other reactants like fats and proteins can be used, glucose is the most common starting reactant in aerobic respiration. This is because it does not produce harmful by-products and is used by most living organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria. Products of Aerobic Respiration The main products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water. Additionally, this process generates numerous molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an unstable molecule that serves as the energy source for many bodily functions. The Efficiency of ATP Production One molecule of glucose produces 38 molecules of ATP during aerobic respiration, making it a highly efficient process. In contrast, anaerobic respiration produces only 2 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule, highlighting the importance of a constant oxygen supply. The Role of ATP ATP provides energy for vital bodily processes such as digestion, cell division, and muscle contractions, allowing movement. Glucose supplies the energy required for these processes, making it essential for life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7781/Why_is_Glucose_So_Important-01.jpg Yes 160 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/when-an-asthma-inhaler-is-not-available https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2637.mp4 When an Asthma inhaler is not available Managing Asthma Attacks: First Aid and Preventive Measures Handling an Asthma Attack Without an Inhaler What to do when a patient lacks an inhaler or it's empty during an asthma attack. Locate Replacement Medication: Check for available replacement medications or send someone to retrieve them. Call for Professional Help: Dial EMS immediately as inhalers are the primary treatment. Immediate First Aid Essential steps to control an asthma attack before professional help arrives. Stop and Sit Upright: Advise the patient to stop activities and sit upright to ease breathing. Breathing Techniques: Instruct deep, slow breaths through the nose and out through the mouth to prevent hyperventilation. Humidify the Air: Consider moving the patient to a steamy environment like a bathroom with a running shower. Keep Calm: Stress exacerbates symptoms, so reassure and comfort the patient to relax chest muscles. Remove Triggers: If possible, relocate the patient away from asthma triggers like dust or smoke. Hot Caffeinated Drinks: Sip on hot, caffeinated beverages to help open airways temporarily. Seek Professional Help: Remember, this is a temporary measure; professional assistance is crucial. Maintaining Inhaler Effectiveness Tips to ensure inhalers are ready and effective when needed. Keep It Clean: Maintain inhaler cleanliness and keep the cover on to prevent dust and dirt ingress. Clean Spacer: If using a spacer, ensure it stays clean and dry for optimal function. Check Medication: Confirm that the inhaler contains medication, not just propellant. Carry a Spare Canister: Always have a spare canister when the level is low. Collect Latest Prescription: Regularly collect prescriptions from the chemist to ensure a fresh supply. Carry a Spare Inhaler: When traveling, have a spare inhaler for emergencies. School Inhaler Management: Schools with inhalers must maintain proper documentation and adequate supplies. Use Correct Inhaler: Ensure the right inhaler is used at the appropriate times. Correct Inhaler Technique: Educate on proper inhaler use to avoid blowing instead of inhaling. Check Expiry Dates: Ensure the inhaler is not expired, as it may lose effectiveness. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4689/When_an_Asthma_inhaler_is_not_available-01.jpg Yes 221 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/signs-and-symptoms-of-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/503.mp4 Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis Childhood Allergies and Anaphylactic Reactions Common Childhood Allergies Food Allergies: Children often suffer from allergies to food substances like peanuts, with even a tiny trace capable of triggering a severe anaphylactic reaction. Quick Onset: Anaphylactic reactions usually occur rapidly, but in some cases, symptoms may take a few hours to manifest. Immediate EMS Activation: If you suspect an anaphylactic reaction, it is vital to call the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) without delay. Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis General Symptoms: General signs can include itchy, watery eyes, headaches, or a runny nose. Skin Problems: Skin-related symptoms encompass swelling of the face, lips, tongue, neck, or hands, itching, hives, rashes, or red skin. Breathing Problems: Respiratory issues consist of coughing, difficulty swallowing, rapid or noisy breathing, wheezing, or a burning sensation in the chest and throat. Severe breathing problems indicate a severe allergic reaction. Heart or Circulation Problems: Cardiovascular signs may involve an increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, excessive sweating, or cool and clammy skin. Mental Status Problems: Alterations in mental status can encompass confusion, agitation, hallucinations, fainting, or loss of consciousness. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1003/Signs_and_Symptoms_of_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/what-is-an-auto-injector https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/495.mp4 What is an Auto-Injector? Anaphylaxis Treatment: The Importance of Auto-Injectors High Allergy Rates in the UK Understanding Allergy Prevalence: The UK has one of the highest global allergy percentages, increasing the likelihood of encountering individuals at risk of severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. The Vital Role of Adrenaline Natural "Fight or Flight" Chemical: Adrenaline, also known as the "fight or flight" hormone, plays a critical role in our bodies. It is produced in small amounts continuously, especially in response to nervousness or fear. Auto-Injectors and Adrenaline: Auto-injectors deliver a pre-measured adrenaline dose, significantly higher than the body's normal production. This rapid injection into the bloodstream helps reopen the patient's airway, facilitating breathing. Carrying Auto-Injectors: Individuals with severe allergies should always carry auto-injectors for immediate access in case of an anaphylactic reaction. Advantages of Auto-Injectors Speed and Precision: Auto-injectors save crucial time during an emergency, ensuring swift administration. Drawing medication from a vial with a conventional syringe is impractical during anaphylaxis. Pre-Measured Safety: Auto-injectors contain precisely measured adrenaline doses, eliminating the risk of underdosing or overdosing, which can occur with manual injections. Types of Auto-Injectors Universal Administration Site: All auto-injectors should be administered into the top quarter of the thigh, regardless of the specific brand or type. The EpiPen® Common and Easy to Use: The EpiPen® is a widely used auto-injector known for its simplicity and effectiveness in delivering adrenaline. The Jext® Another Reliable Option: The Jext® auto-injector is another popular choice, offering ease of use and reliability in treating anaphylaxis. The Emerade® A Notable Auto-Injector: The Emerade® is a prominent auto-injector in the market, known for its effectiveness in managing anaphylactic reactions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/991/What_is_an_Auto-Injector-01.jpg Yes 124 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/meningitis-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/244.mp4 Meningitis Meningitis: Understanding the Causes and Symptoms Overview Meningitis is an infection characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by viruses or bacteria and requires prompt medical attention due to its potentially life-threatening nature. Types of Meningitis Viral Meningitis: More common and less severe, transmitted through respiratory secretions. Symptoms include headache, fever, and drowsiness. Bacterial Meningitis: Caused by bacteria found in the nose and throat, can lead to blood poisoning (septicaemia) and requires immediate antibiotic treatment. Symptoms Symptoms vary by age group: Children and Adults: High fever, loss of appetite, stiff neck, joint pain, seizures, disorientation. Infants and Toddlers: High fever, neck retraction, arching back, lethargy, convulsions, difficulty waking up, tense fontanelle. Glass Test The rash associated with meningitis may not be the first sign and does not appear in all cases. To perform the glass test: Press a clear glass firmly against the skin. If spots do not fade when the glass is rolled over, it may indicate meningitis. Seek medical assistance immediately if in doubt, regardless of the presence of a rash. Emergency Response If meningitis is suspected: Ensure the child is comfortable and cool. Call emergency services, describing symptoms and suspicion of meningitis. Monitor and record vital signs. Conclusion Meningitis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Understanding its symptoms, including the potential presence of a rash, can help in timely diagnosis and treatment. For more information, visit the Meningitis Now website. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/435/Meningitis-01.jpg Yes 310 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/sickle-cell-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/245.mp4 Sickle Cell Sickle Cell Anaemia: Understanding the Condition Overview Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder affecting blood cells, characterized by abnormal sickle or crescent-shaped red blood cells. Causes The condition is inherited from parents and affects haemoglobin, the substance responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. Prevalence Sickle cell is more common in individuals of African, Mediterranean, South American, Central American, Caribbean, and Middle Eastern origin. Effects Decreased Oxygen Delivery: Sickle-shaped cells deliver less oxygen to tissues due to interrupted blood flow. Increased Risk of Stroke: Blockage of blood vessels to the brain can lead to strokes. Symptoms Symptoms typically appear between four to six months of age and include: Pain: Severe pain in arms, legs, back, and stomach, triggered by various factors. Jaundice: Yellowing of the eyes and skin. Fatigue: Irritability and tiredness. Swelling: In hands, feet, joints, and bones. Management Effective management strategies include: Preventive Measures: Avoiding dehydration, overexertion, and sudden temperature changes. Pain Control: Providing warmth, massage, painkillers, and relaxation techniques. Emergency Response: Activating medical services and contacting parents in severe cases. Conclusion Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management of sickle cell anaemia is crucial for timely intervention and improved quality of life for affected individuals. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/437/Sickle_Cell-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/strep-a-infections-in-children https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5851.mp4 Strep A Infections in Children Understanding Strep A Infections in Children Introduction to Strep A Infections In this video, we explore Strep A infections, a topic currently in the news. What are Strep A Infections? Strep A infections, also known as streptococcal infections, are caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus Pyogenes. These infections vary in severity, ranging from mild sore throats to potentially life-threatening conditions. Symptoms of Strep A Infections in Children Fever: One of the common symptoms. Sore throat: Often accompanied by pain. Swollen glands: Typically noticed in the neck. Red and swollen tonsils: Visible signs of infection. Additional symptoms: Stomach pain, headaches, and body rash. Complications of Untreated Strep A Infections If untreated, Strep A infections can lead to: Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs. Sepsis: A severe response to infection affecting the whole body. Kidney inflammation: Known as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Diagnosis and Treatment Parents should be vigilant about symptoms and seek medical advice promptly. Diagnosis involves: Rapid Strep Test: A quick diagnostic test performed by a doctor. Throat Culture: Another method to confirm the presence of Strep A bacteria. Treatment usually includes antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria and prevent complications. It's crucial for children to complete the entire course of antibiotics prescribed, even if they feel better. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/10436/Strep_A_Infections_in_Children-01.jpg Yes 83 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/burns-kits https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/424.mp4 Burns and burn kits Dealing with Burns: First Aid Guide Understanding Burn Types Burns can occur through various means, including contact with hot objects, steam, chemicals, electricity, or sun exposure. Treating Burns: The General Rule The primary approach to treating burns is to cool the affected area under running water for a minimum of 20 minutes or by gently pouring cool water over the burn for the same duration. This thorough cooling helps prevent further damage and ensures the skin is adequately cooled. When Running Water Isn't Available In situations without access to running water, burn kits become valuable. These kits are commonly found in kitchens and areas with an elevated risk of burn injuries. Burn dressings found in these kits are gel-based, designed to cool the burn without adhering to the injured area. Maintaining Cleanliness Handling burns requires utmost care, as they compromise the body's natural infection barrier. Therefore, it's crucial to maintain strict cleanliness when dealing with burns. Understanding Burn Severity Burns can vary in intensity and fall into different categories: Superficial burn: Affects the outer skin layer, typically caused by brief contact with heat sources like irons or flames. Symptoms include redness and pain. Partial-thickness burn: Involves damage to both the outer skin layer and part of the second layer, resulting in blisters, redness, swelling, and pain. Full-thickness burn: Affects all skin layers, potentially causing pain or nerve damage, sometimes leading to a lack of pain sensation. Note: Burns can also be a combination of partial and full thickness, with varying severity across the affected area. Factors to Consider Several factors influence burn injuries: Patient's age: Young and elderly individuals typically have thinner skin, making them more susceptible to burns. Location of the burn: The burn's location on the body can impact its severity. Assessing Burn Size For assessing burn size, the "Rule of Nines" is commonly used: Hand: 1% Head: 9% Front of the body: 18% Back of the body: 18% Each leg: 18% Each arm: 9% The burn's severity depends on the percentage of the body affected, as calculated using the Rule of Nines and the burn's thickness (partial or full). This calculation is essential for informing Emergency Services about the situation. First Aid Solutions Various dressings and first aid solutions for burns are available, including burn wrap and special dressings, gels, and sprays. These products are designed to protect and soothe burn injuries. Dealing with Burned Clothing If clothing is stuck to a burn, avoid peeling it off. Instead, carefully cut around the affected area when necessary to prevent further damage. Additional Burn Kit Items Common items found in burn kits include safety scissors for cutting clothing, gloves for protection, and saline solution for cleansing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/795/Burns_and_Burns_Kits-01-8CC3131DF1.jpg Yes 528 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/spinal-injury-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/115.mp4 Spinal Injury Managing Suspected Spinal Injuries: A First-Aider's Guide The Critical Importance of Spinal Injury Care The spine houses the irreplaceable spinal cord responsible for transmitting messages from the brain to the body. Any damage to the spinal cord is irreversible and can lead to varying degrees of paralysis, depending on the injury's location: Lower Lumbar Damage: Can result in loss of leg function. Higher Damage: Can affect control of vital organs, like respiration. Golden Rule for Spinal Injury Management When dealing with a person potentially having a spinal injury, remember: DO NOT MOVE THEM. First-Aider Responsibilities When faced with a patient suspected of a spinal injury, as a first-aider, follow these crucial steps: Support and Stabilize: Ensure the patient's head and neck are supported, instruct them not to move, and keep looking straight ahead. Maintain Position: Keep the patient's body in the same position as found, treating every case as a potential spinal injury. Exceptions to the Rule There are a few scenarios where you might need to move the patient: Immediate Danger: If the patient is in an immediate life-threatening situation, such as a burning car, their safety takes precedence. Not Breathing (CPR Required): In cases requiring CPR, carefully move the patient onto their back while stabilizing the head. Risk of Choking (Vomiting): If the patient is vomiting and at risk of choking, use the log roll technique to move them onto their side for safe vomit drainage. Remember the "SPINAL" Mnemonic Recall these steps using the "SPINAL" mnemonic: Safety (S): Ensure safety for both you and the patient. Patient (P): Advise the patient not to move. Immobilise (I): Protect the patient's airway and maintain head stability. Neutral (N): Keep the head in a neutral position. Assess (A): Evaluate for other injuries, but only if it's safe to do so. Leave Alone (L): Avoid moving the patient unless absolutely necessary. Final Thoughts Always remember, as a first-aider, refrain from moving someone suspected of a spinal injury unless it's an absolute necessity. Maintain their position, provide head and neck support, ensure emergency services are on the way, offer reassurance, and keep the patient calm. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/183/Spinal_Injury-01.jpg Yes 177 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/splinters https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2353.mp4 Splinters Handling Splinters: First Aid Guide Understanding Splinters Splinters can infiltrate the body in various ways and materials, with common culprits being wood splinters and small metal fragments. While splinters are usually not a cause for major concern, there are exceptions, especially when they affect sensitive areas like the eyes. Cleaning the Affected Area Immediate action is crucial when dealing with a splinter. Follow these steps: Cleanse: Use a mild soap and water to clean the affected area thoroughly. This minimizes the risk of dirt entering the body through the wound created by the splinter. Permission: Always ask the affected person for their permission before providing assistance. Removing Small Splinters Small, barely visible splinters may resolve on their own in a few days. However, if you can see the splinter, consider these removal methods: Tweezers: Gently remove the splinter using tweezers. Alternatively, if it's partially exposed, apply sticky tape or a plaster over it and then carefully peel it off to extract the splinter. Dealing with Larger Splinters For more prominent splinters, follow these steps: Tweezers: Utilize tweezers to remove the larger splinter. Beforehand, clean the tweezers with alcohol wipes or a first aid disinfectant. Proper Extraction: When the splinter's end is visible, grip it carefully with the tweezers and pull it out in the same direction it entered the body, preventing it from breaking in two. After Removal Post-removal, ensure the following: Cleanse: Use a first aid wipe to clean the wound and consider applying a plaster if necessary. Facilitate Bleeding: Gently squeeze the sides of the wound to encourage bleeding, which can help flush out any lingering dirt. Seeking Medical Help If you encounter challenges while dealing with a splinter, or if any of the following situations arise, it's advisable to seek medical assistance: Unable to remove the entire splinter. Excessive bleeding from the wound. The splinter is embedded in a sensitive area or beneath a nail. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4169/Splinters-01.jpg Yes 94 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/who-is-affected https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/494.mp4 Minor allergic reactions Understanding Minor Allergic Reactions Exploring Minor Allergic Reactions Introduction: We've discussed full-blown anaphylactic reactions, but let's briefly delve into minor allergic reactions. Non-Respiratory Reactions: These reactions do not affect the respiratory system. Common Manifestations Skin Reactions: Minor reactions often manifest as skin issues, such as rashes or redness. Treatment Approach: They do not require the same treatment as anaphylactic reactions and can be managed differently. Treatment Methods Topical Solutions: Creams or topical treatments may suffice for affected skin areas. Medication Options: Patients may use medications like antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl, Allegra, Claritin) upon allergen exposure. Distinctive from Anaphylaxis: Minor reactions, such as hay fever, differ from the severe impact of anaphylactic reactions. Recognizing the Difference Importance of Distinction: Recognizing the disparity between major anaphylactic reactions and minor reactions is crucial. Seeking Guidance Consulting Healthcare Professionals: Consult your doctor or pharmacist for advice on both major and minor allergic reactions. Reputable Online Resources: If seeking information online, ensure it's from reputable and trusted sources, including websites of recognized non-profit organizations or charities. Remaining Vigilant Monitoring Minor Reactions: Even in minor reactions, vigilance is key, as they could potentially escalate. Emergency Response: If the patient's condition becomes concerning, activate emergency services promptly. Understanding minor allergic reactions is vital for proactive management. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1015/Minor_allergic_reactions-01.jpg Yes 104 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/dealing-with-fainting https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1619.mp4 Dealing with Fainting Fainting: Causes, First Aid, and When to Seek Help Understanding Fainting Fainting, a temporary loss of consciousness, can occur when there is a brief reduction in blood flow to the brain. Learn about the potential causes and what to do when someone is about to faint: Possible Causes of Fainting There are various reasons why someone may faint, including: Anxiety Hunger Pregnancy Stress Tiredness Pain Excessive Heat Prolonged Standing or Sitting Immediate First Aid If someone feels like they are about to faint, take these steps: Lie Them Down: Help them lie down immediately to restore blood flow to the brain, avoiding sitting, which could lead to falls and injuries. Provide Fresh Air: If indoors, open a window to aid in recovery. Assisting a Fainted Person When someone has fainted, follow these measures: Lay Them on Their Back: Place them on their back. Raise Their Legs: Elevate their legs approximately thirty centimeters to enhance blood flow to the brain. Offer Support: Support their legs on your shoulder or with a suitable object (e.g., box or bag). Communicate Calmly: Explain the situation when they begin to recover, as they might feel confused or disoriented. Assist Them Gradually: Help them get up gradually to prevent another fainting episode. If they feel dizzy while getting up, have them lie down and elevate their legs until full recovery. When to Seek Medical Attention If the person does not regain consciousness promptly, open their airway, check for breathing, and follow the appropriate steps for treating an unconscious casualty. Contact emergency services if they have fallen and sustained injuries or if consciousness is not regained. It may also be wise to call a friend or family member to accompany them home. If the individual is in the later stages of pregnancy, have them lean towards their left side to prevent blood flow restriction back to the heart. Regular fainting episodes may indicate an underlying health issue, so consult a doctor if fainting occurs frequently or if there are any concerns. If someone faints during exercise or experiences a seizure following fainting, alert emergency medical services. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2869/Dealing_with_Fainting-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/opening-the-airway-jaw-thrust https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7079.mp4 Opening the airway Jaw Thrust How to Open the Airway Using the Jaw Thrust Technique In this film, we will explore how to safely open an airway using the Jaw Thrust technique. This method is particularly valuable when you suspect a neck or spinal injury, or when a head-tilt, chin-lift is not appropriate. Why the Jaw Thrust Is Needed When a person becomes unresponsive, the muscles that keep the airway open relax. As a result, the tongue can fall back and block the airway, preventing air from moving in and out of the lungs. Maintaining an open airway is therefore essential for survival. The Jaw Thrust is ideal when you must avoid moving the neck, such as: Falls Road traffic collisions Sporting injuries Any situation where spinal injury is suspected It is also useful during CPR when maintaining a neutral head position is important. If spinal injury is not a concern, the head-tilt, chin-lift remains the simpler and preferred method. Step-by-Step: Performing the Jaw Thrust Technique Position yourself correctly.Kneel at the top of the casualty’s head in the “over-the-head position”. Ensure the casualty is lying on their back on a firm surface. Stabilise your arms.Rest your elbows on the surface beside the casualty’s head for stability. Place your index and middle fingers behind the angle of the lower jaw, just below the ears. Lift the jaw.Using a firm but gentle motion, lift the lower jaw upwards and forwards—towards the ceiling. Ideally, the lower teeth should move in front of the upper teeth. This action pulls the tongue away from the airway. Avoid moving the neck.Do not tilt or extend the head. The goal is to open the airway while keeping the neck in a neutral position. Check for breathing.Look for chest movement, listen for breathing, and feel for air movement on your cheek for no more than 10 seconds. Swap if needed.The Jaw Thrust can be tiring to hold. If possible, swap with another trained rescuer to maintain an effective airway. What to Do Next If the person is breathing normally: Maintain the airway using the Jaw Thrust until help arrives, or Place the person in the recovery position if spinal injury has been ruled out If the person is NOT breathing normally: Keep the airway open Start CPR immediately Why the Jaw Thrust Matters The Jaw Thrust is a vital lifesaving skill that helps maintain oxygen flow to the brain and heart in a suspected spinal emergency. When every second counts, knowing how to open an airway safely can make a crucial difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12824/Opening_the_airway_Jaw_Thrust.jpg Yes 153 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/adolescent-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7110.mp4 Adolescent CPR How to Perform CPR on an Adolescent (13–18 Years) In this training film, we will cover how to perform CPR on an adolescent aged between 13 and 18 years. Although cardiac arrest in young people is less common than in adults, it can still occur due to breathing problems, traumatic injury, or sudden collapse. Delivering high-quality CPR is essential and can significantly improve their chance of survival. Initial Safety Checks Ensure the area is safe for both you and the adolescent before approaching. Gently shake their shoulder or tap it and call loudly: “Are you OK?” Calling for Help If they do not respond: Shout for help immediately. If you are alone, call 999 straight away, place the phone on speaker, and begin CPR without delay. The emergency call handler will guide you through the process. If someone else is available, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker if possible, and fetch an AED while you start CPR. Assessing Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre. Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If the adolescent is not breathing or their breathing is abnormal (gasping or irregular), start CPR immediately. Rescue Breaths Matter In adolescents, cardiac arrest often relates to breathing difficulties or trauma, which means rescue breaths are especially important. Give 5 Initial Rescue Breaths Seal your mouth over theirs. Pinch the nose closed. Blow gently for one second per breath and watch for the chest rising. Chest Compressions Deliver 15 chest compressions immediately after the initial breaths. Place your hands in the centre of the chest, on the upper half of the sternum between the nipples. Push down to a depth of 5-6cm. Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Aim to minimise any interruptions. Continue the CPR Cycle After the initial breaths and compressions, continue CPR following this pattern: 15 compressions 2 rescue breaths Repeat this cycle until help arrives or the adolescent begins to show signs of recovery. Using an AED on an Adolescent If an AED is available, switch it on immediately, even if you are partway through a CPR cycle. Continue CPR while attaching the pads. Follow the AED’s voice prompts. Use adult pads if paediatric pads are not available. Pad placement for adolescents is the same as for adults. When to Stop CPR Continue CPR until one of the following occurs: The adolescent starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as moving, speaking, or opening their eyes. The emergency services arrive and take over. You become physically unable to continue—if so, try to pass CPR on to someone else. High-quality CPR can make a critical difference in an adolescent’s chance of survival. Acting quickly and confidently is key. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12844/Adolescent_CPR.jpg Yes 168 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/paediatric-triage---behaviour-breathing-and-body-colour-bbb https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7077.mp4 Paediatric triage - behaviour breathing and body colour BBB How to Quickly Assess an Unwell Child Using the BBB Approach The BBB Approach — Behaviour, Breathing, and Body Colour — is a simple and highly effective method for recognising a seriously unwell child. It helps you identify early warning signs before advanced monitoring or medical help arrives. This assessment method is based on the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC 2025 paediatric guidelines. 🔵 B1: Behaviour Start by observing how the child is acting. Behaviour often gives the earliest and clearest indication that something is wrong. Ask yourself: Are they alert, interactive, and behaving normally for their age? Concerning Behaviour Includes: Reduced consciousness or difficulty waking Floppiness or unusual stiffness Seizures or abnormal movements Confusion, agitation, or unusual behaviour Inconsolable crying Inability to move one or more limbs Sudden inability to speak or walk Appearing to be in severe pain Abnormal behaviour suggests that the brain may not be receiving enough oxygen, blood flow, or glucose, meaning urgent assessment is required. 🟢 B2: Breathing Next, assess how the child is breathing. Breathing changes are often seen in serious illness or injury. Warning Signs to Look For: Struggling to take a deep breath Working hard to breathe — fast breathing, grunting, flaring nostrils, or chest indrawing Extra noises such as wheezing or stridor Breathing that is too fast, too slow, or irregular Stopping breathing altogether Adopting an unusual posture to help breathing, such as leaning forward If any of these signs are present, treat the situation as an emergency. The child may be becoming tired or close to respiratory failure, so immediate support is essential. 🟡 B3: Body Colour Finally, examine the child's body colour to assess their circulation and oxygenation. Concerning Body Colour Signs: Cyanosis — blue or grey colouring of the lips, tongue, or fingertips Pale, ashen, or mottled skin Cool or unusually cold skin For darker skin tones, check lips, gums, or palms for changes These signs may indicate poor circulation, shock, or low oxygen levels and require urgent medical review. Understanding the BBB Triangle Think of the BBB assessment as a triangle where each side is linked: Behaviour reflects brain function Breathing reflects oxygen delivery Body Colour reflects circulation A problem in one can quickly affect the others. If two or more areas are abnormal, the child is likely to be seriously unwell and needs immediate medical help. Why the BBB Approach Matters The BBB assessment is a fast and reliable way to identify a sick child before their condition deteriorates. Always remember: Behaviour • Breathing • Body Colour If you are ever unsure, treat it as an emergency and get help straight away. Early recognition truly saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12820/Paediatric_triage_behaviour_breathing_and_body_colour_BBB.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/dislocated-shoulders-and-joints https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/866.mp4 Dislocated Shoulders and Joints How to Immobilise a Dislocated Shoulder Introduction In this guide, we will demonstrate the proper technique for immobilising a dislocated shoulder to minimize movement and provide initial support. Using a Sling When a shoulder becomes dislocated, it's essential to restrict sideways motion and position the arm for stability. Follow these steps: Step 1: Retrieve a sling from a standard first aid kit, as demonstrated in the accompanying video. Step 2: Carefully place the arm in a resting position within the sling. Securing the Arm After positioning the arm in the sling, the next crucial step involves securing it in place to prevent outward movement from the front of the body: Step 1: Obtain a second triangular bandage. Step 2: Gently wrap the bandage around the body, ensuring that it firmly holds the arm in position. This immobilisation technique helps keep the arm stable and ready for safe transport to Emergency Medical Services. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1507/Dislocated_Shoulders_and_Joints-01.jpg Yes 90 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/child-aed-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/236.mp4 Child AED Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Use (Ages 1–12) If you find a child aged between 1 and 12 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, you must act quickly. Early CPR and rapid defibrillation give the child the best possible chance of survival. Because this age group covers a wide range of sizes and weights, CPR techniques are adapted to suit the child in front of you. Calling for Help If the child is unresponsive: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether the child is breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Immediately In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by breathing problems. For this reason: Start with five rescue breaths. Then begin chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to around one-third of its depth. Allow full chest recoil after each compression. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Do not pause CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on a Child Use the AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Pad Placement Ensure the child’s chest is bare and dry. Children under approximately 25 kg (usually under 8 years) Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back placement ensures the electrical shock passes through the heart. Children over approximately 25 kg Place one pad on the centre of the chest. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the child. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The child shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on children. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a child’s life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/419/Child_AED.jpg Yes 177 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/diabetic-complications https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4348.mp4 Diabetic Complications Potential Complications of Diabetes: Risks and Prevention Increased Risk of Heart Disease and Stroke Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to a wide range of health problems. Individuals with diabetes are up to five times more likely to develop heart disease or suffer a stroke. This increased risk is related to the intake of fatty and high-sugar foods. Atherosclerosis Prolonged high blood glucose levels increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis, a condition where blood vessels become clogged and narrowed by fatty substances. This can result in: Angina: Chest pain due to a reduced blood supply to the coronary arteries. Stroke: Caused when a build-up of fatty substances breaks off from an artery wall, travels to the brain, and causes a blockage. Nerve Damage Hyperglycaemia can lead to nerve damage. If this damage is limited to the peripheral nervous system (excluding the brain and spine), it is known as peripheral neuropathy. Other Complications Additional complications of diabetes include: Diabetic Retinopathy: Eye damage affecting the retina, leading to vision changes and potential blindness if untreated. Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease caused by high blood sugar damaging the kidney filters (nephrons). Foot Problems: Resulting from poor circulation and nerve damage. Sexual Dysfunction: Due to blood vessel and nerve damage. Diabetic Retinopathy The retina, a light-sensitive part of the eye, requires a constant blood supply provided by small blood vessels. High blood sugar levels can damage these vessels, leading to three stages of retinopathy: Early Stage: Tiny bleeds with minimal impact on vision. Intermediate Stage: More significant changes affecting vision. Advanced Stage: Formation of weak scar tissue and blood vessels, potentially leading to blindness. Early detection and lifestyle changes can prevent further deterioration. Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition caused by diabetes, where high blood sugar damages the kidney's filtering units (nephrons). Symptoms include: Tiredness Shortness of breath Swollen ankles, feet, and hands Changes in urination patterns Blood in the urine Nausea Seek medical help if these symptoms occur alongside diabetes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7793/Diabetic_Complications-01.jpg Yes 167 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/aed-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/107.mp4 AED Introduction Understanding Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) 1. What is an AED? An AED, or automatic external defibrillator, explained. There is a common misconception that AEDs restart the heart, but their role is to interrupt abnormal heart activity. 2. AEDs and Heart Function Understanding how AEDs work to restore a normal heart rhythm. Electric activity in the heart can lead to abnormal twitching rather than a meaningful pulse. An AED delivers a shock to interrupt this electric activity, allowing the heart's natural pacemakers to restart it in a normal rhythm. AEDs advise a shock only when detecting specific shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). 3. Types of AED Units Exploring different AED models and their operation. Semi-automatic AEDs require manual activation of the shock button when advised. Automatic AEDs initiate shocks automatically when necessary. 4. Future AED Videos Stay tuned for upcoming videos that delve into AEDs in greater detail and provide guidance on their usage. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/167/AED_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/update-on-aed-pad-placement https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7111.mp4 Update on AED pad placement 2025 UK Resuscitation and ERC Guidelines on AED Pad Placement The latest 2025 Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC) updates have introduced important changes to the recommended placement of AED pads for adults, children, and infants. These updates are based on new evidence intended to improve the effectiveness of defibrillation and increase survival rates. Why AED Pad Placement Has Changed For many years, AED pads have included diagrams showing where to place them on the chest. However, with the release of the new guidelines, these diagrams may now be out of date. This is because AED pad manufacturers still hold large quantities of older stock, and it could take up to five years for all pads in circulation to reflect the updated placements. Until then, the diagram on the pad may not match the new recommended positions. For the best chance of a successful shock, you should follow the latest RCUK and ERC guidance, even if the printed diagram suggests something different. Updated AED Pad Placement for Adults For adults, the new recommended placement is: Left-side pad: Position this pad under the left armpit. This placement improves the pathway of the electrical shock across the heart. Right-side pad: This pad remains in the traditional position on the upper right chest. Important note for female casualties: avoid placing the right-side pad over breast tissue; adjust slightly if needed to maintain full contact with the skin. Updated AED Pad Placement for Children (Under 25 kg or Approx. Under 8 Years) For smaller children, the recommended placement has also changed: Front pad: Place it on the chest but slightly offset to the child’s left side, rather than directly centred. Back pad: The rear pad position remains the same as before. For older children and adolescents, AED placement remains the same as adult positioning (front and back, standard locations). New Guidance for Infants One of the most notable updates is the introduction of clear guidance on AED use for infants. Many rescuers may not have been taught this previously, but AEDs can and should be used on infants in cardiac arrest. The new recommended placement is: Back pad: Place one pad in the centre of the infant’s back. Front pad: Position the second pad on the chest, slightly offset to the infant’s left side. This placement ensures an effective shock pathway while accommodating the much smaller chest size of an infant. Key Takeaway Always follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines rather than relying solely on the diagrams printed on AED pads. These changes are designed to improve defibrillation effectiveness and provide the best possible outcome for the casualty. Whether you are treating an adult, a child, or an infant, knowing the correct AED pad placement can be life-saving. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12842/Update_on_AED_pad_placement.jpg Yes 83 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/rcuk-erc-resus-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7112.mp4 RCUK and ERC Resus Guidelines Why the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC Guidelines Matter The Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) set the official, evidence-based standards for CPR and first aid across the UK and Europe. These are the guidelines that every trainer, training provider, workplace, and first aider is expected to follow. All of our CPR and first aid courses are built around these trusted and regularly updated recommendations. What Is the Resuscitation Council UK? The Resuscitation Council UK is the nation’s leading authority on resuscitation science. It develops evidence-based guidelines covering: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Paediatric resuscitation (infants, children, adolescents) CPR guidance for both healthcare professionals and lay responders The RCUK ensures that the UK follows safe, consistent, clinically proven methods in all resuscitation training and emergency response. What Is the European Resuscitation Council? The ERC sets the Europe-wide standards for CPR and emergency care. It works closely with national bodies, including the Resuscitation Council UK, and contributes to global research through the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This collaboration ensures that CPR and first aid practices are aligned with the latest international scientific evidence. Why These Guidelines Are Important for You CPR and first aid guidance evolves as new evidence, clinical studies, and real-world data become available. These guidelines affect: What instructors teach during CPR and first aid courses How course content is structured The techniques you will learn and need to use during an emergency The recommended sequence of actions when someone collapses or stops breathing In short, the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC shape exactly how CPR and first aid should be performed to give someone the best chance of survival. Guidelines Backed by Extensive Research Each update is based on thousands of scientific papers, clinical reviews, expert analysis, and real-life experience. This means that when the RCUK and ERC release new recommendations, they represent the most effective and up-to-date approach to saving lives. The Latest Guidelines We Teach All of our courses follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines, released in late 2025 and scheduled for review in 2030. If you have trained with us before, you will notice some important changes—these updates are designed to: Increase survival rates in cardiac arrest Improve outcomes in first aid emergencies Ensure every rescuer uses the most effective, evidence-based methods What This Means for Learners Whether you are refreshing your skills or learning for the first time, these updated guidelines ensure you are trained to the highest and most current standards. In a real emergency, this knowledge can make the difference between life and death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12838/RCUK___ERC_Resus_Guidelines.jpg Yes 101 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/using-an-aed-on-an-infant https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7080.mp4 Using an AED on an infant Using an AED on an Infant: UK Resuscitation Council 2025 Guidance Although infants very rarely experience a shockable heart rhythm, the use of an AED can still be lifesaving when cardiac arrest occurs. High-quality CPR remains the foundation of care. However, if an AED is available, it should be used without delay. Current guidance confirms that AEDs are safe to use on infants and should not be withheld when they are needed. Key Steps for Using an AED on an Infant Call for help immediately.As soon as you know the infant is not breathing, call 999. Ask a bystander to fetch an AED if one is available. Start CPR straight away.Begin CPR immediately. Do not delay compressions and rescue breaths while waiting for an AED. Continue CPR while preparing the AED.When the AED arrives, switch it on while CPR continues. Minimise any pauses while the pads are prepared and applied. Apply the AED pads. If paediatric pads are available, use them. If paediatric pads are not available, use adult pads. Do not delay defibrillation to wait for paediatric pads. Correct pad placement. Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the second pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back positioning ensures the heart sits between the pads. Follow the AED prompts.Allow the AED to analyse the heart rhythm. Make sure no one is touching the infant during analysis or shock delivery. Resume CPR immediately.If a shock is delivered, restart CPR straight away and continue for two minutes before the AED re-analyses. Continue until emergency services arrive or the infant shows signs of life. Why Speed Matters When an infant suffers cardiac arrest, every second counts. Early CPR, rapid AED use, and following the device prompts give the infant the best possible chance of survival. Important 2025 Guideline Updates AED use in infants is now explicitly included in the 2025 UK Resuscitation Council guidelines. Pad positioning has changed slightly. Some AED pad diagrams may still show a central chest position. For infants, the front pad should be placed slightly to the left side of the chest. Some AEDs may not mention infant use, but they are safe to use on infants when cardiac arrest is suspected. Key Message Start CPR quickly. Use the AED without hesitation. Follow the prompts. Prompt, confident action can make a lifesaving difference for an infant in cardiac arrest. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12826/Using_an_AED_on_an_infant.jpg Yes 142 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/adrenaline-nasal-spray-for-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7083.mp4 Adrenaline nasal spray for anaphylaxis MHRA Approves the First Needle-Free Adrenaline Nasal Spray for Anaphylaxis The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has approved a major new development in the treatment of severe allergic reactions. For the first time in the UK, a needle-free adrenaline nasal spray has been authorised for emergency use in cases of anaphylaxis — a sudden, severe, and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. A New Alternative to Traditional Adrenaline Auto-Injectors Until now, adrenaline for anaphylaxis has always been delivered by injection, typically using auto-injectors such as the EpiPen. These devices are highly effective, but for some people — particularly those with a strong fear of needles or who struggle to administer an injection during a crisis — they can present challenges. The newly approved nasal spray provides a needle-free, single-dose, ready-to-use alternative. Administered through the nostril, the spray delivers adrenaline rapidly into the bloodstream via the nasal mucosa. Who Can Use It? The spray is approved for: Adults Children weighing 30 kg or more (typically around 10 years old and above) Nasal Spray vs Adrenaline Auto-Injectors The MHRA has emphasised that this new nasal spray does not replace traditional adrenaline auto-injectors. Adrenaline pens remain vital, effective, and life-saving tools. Anyone who currently carries an auto-injector must continue to do so. Instead, the nasal spray adds an additional safe and effective option — particularly helpful for situations where injections are difficult, delayed, or distressing. Key Points to Know The spray can be used even if the casualty has a blocked or congested nose. People at risk of anaphylaxis should always carry two doses, regardless of whether they use a spray or an auto-injector. Family members, friends, colleagues, and teachers should know how to recognise anaphylaxis and administer treatment. MHRA Approval and Safety The decision follows a detailed review of clinical evidence showing that the nasal spray delivers adrenaline safely and effectively. This innovation marks an important advancement, making emergency treatment more accessible and user-friendly for people living with severe allergies. What to Do in Suspected Anaphylaxis Regardless of the type of adrenaline used, the priorities remain unchanged: Recognise the symptoms quickly Administer adrenaline without delay Call 999 immediately Continue to monitor and support the casualty until emergency help arrives This new needle-free adrenaline spray represents a significant step forward in emergency allergy treatment — offering greater choice, improved accessibility, and a potentially easier way to deliver life-saving care when every second counts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12832/Adrenaline_nasal_spray_for_anaphylaxis.jpg Yes 152 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/using-an-aed-on-an-adolescent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7116.mp4 Using an AED on an adolescent CPR and AED Use for an Unresponsive Adolescent (Ages 13–18) If you find an adolescent aged 13 to 18 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, the resuscitation approach is slightly different from that used for adults. Acting quickly and confidently can make a life-saving difference. What to Do First If the adolescent is unresponsive and not breathing normally: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether they are breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speaker so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Straight Away In adolescents, cardiac arrest is often linked to breathing problems. For this reason: Begin with five rescue breaths. Then start chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to a depth of 5–6 cm. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. Do not stop CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on an Adolescent Use an AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy for smaller bodies. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Correct Pad Placement Ensure the chest is bare and dry. Place one pad on the top right side of the chest. Place the other pad under the left armpit. This is the same pad placement used for adults. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the adolescent. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The adolescent shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on adolescents. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival rates. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12894/Using_an_AED_on_an_adolescent.jpg Yes 143 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/three-steps-to-save-a-life https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7078.mp4 Three Steps to Save a Life (2025) The Three Steps to Save a Life: A Simple Emergency Guide The Three Steps to Save a Life approach is an easy, effective method that anyone can use during an emergency. At the heart of the Resuscitation Council UK guidelines, this process shows that you do not need medical training to make a lifesaving difference. Step 1 – Check Check for Safety Before you approach the casualty, ensure the area is safe. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Other environmental dangers Check Responsiveness Once it’s safe, assess whether the person can respond: Gently tap their shoulders Ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If they do not respond and appear unresponsive, move immediately to Step 2. Step 2 – Call Call 999 (or 112 in Europe) without delay. Put your phone on speaker to keep your hands free. The emergency operator will guide you step-by-step. Check Breathing With Guidance The dispatcher will help you assess for normal breathing. Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally or is only gasping, tell the operator immediately. They will talk you through starting CPR. Step 3 – CPR and AED Start CPR Immediately If breathing is absent or abnormal: Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest Put your other hand on top Begin compressions at 100–120 per minute Press down about 5 cm each time Allow the chest to fully rise between compressions Use an AED if Available If an AED is nearby: Turn it on immediately Follow the voice prompts The device will tell you when to pause, stand clear, or resume compressions The emergency dispatcher will stay on the line and support you until professional help arrives. Why These Three Steps Matter Remember: Check • Call • Start CPR with an AED. These quick, simple actions can double or even triple a person’s chance of survival. You don’t need to be a doctor — just willing to act. Your hands, your phone, and your courage truly can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12822/Three_Steps_to_Save_a_Life_2.jpg Yes 149 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/video/how-a-999-call-is-handled-by-the-ems---cpr-scenario https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/6981.mp4 How a 999 call is handled by the EMS - CPR Scenario 🚨 Simulated Emergency Call – Cardiac Arrest In this training module, we listen to a simulated 999 call from a real ambulance control centre. This simulation involves a patient in cardiac arrest and is designed to show how call handlers prioritise life-threatening incidents and provide CPR instructions over the phone. For confidentiality reasons, we cannot show the screen, but you will hear the full conversation. The call demonstrates how the operator quickly gathers information, sends help, and gives calm, step-by-step instructions to perform chest compressions until the ambulance arrives. 📞 Key Elements of the Call Confirming whether the patient is breathing Gathering the exact address, town, and postcode Organising emergency help and staying on the line Checking the availability of a defibrillator (AED) Giving clear CPR instructions with a guided compression rhythm ❤️ CPR Instructions from the Operator Once cardiac arrest was confirmed, the caller was instructed to: Lay the patient flat on their back and remove anything under their head Place the heel of one hand on the breastbone, between the nipples Put the other hand on top and pump the chest hard and fast – at least twice per second and about two inches deep Follow the operator’s rhythm count ("One, two, three, four") Continue compressions without stopping until the ambulance crew arrives The operator gave continuous reassurance and encouraged the caller to keep going. This call reinforces that early CPR and defibrillation are critical to survival and that emergency operators are trained to guide callers every step of the way. Remember: Stay calm, follow instructions, and don’t stop CPR unless told to do so by the ambulance crew. You can help save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12558/How_EMS_calls_are_handled_at_a_999_call_centre_-_CPR-01.jpg Yes 203 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/fears-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/97.mp4 Fears of First Aid Addressing Common Fears in First Aid Training People attending first aid training often express initial reluctance due to various fears and concerns. Addressing these fears and demonstrating how they can be easily managed makes the training more enjoyable and understandable. Fear of Infection Some participants worry about coming into contact with blood, vomit, or other bodily fluids. First aid training teaches the effective use of barriers such as gloves and face shields to protect first aiders from infections like HIV or Hepatitis. Fear of Doing Harm The fear of doing something wrong or hurting the patient is common, especially when delivering chest compressions during CPR. It is important to remember that a non-breathing patient with no heartbeat is already in a critical state, and CPR can only help. The most harm would come from not performing chest compressions at all. Your training will help you respond appropriately to various situations. Fear of Litigation Concerns about potential litigation can be addressed through proper training. If you always ask for permission to help, follow the rules and workplace policies, and act within the boundaries of your training, the likelihood of being sued is low. Fear for Personal Safety First aiders should prioritize their own safety to avoid becoming patients themselves. Training emphasises the importance of always stopping, thinking, and then acting before approaching any emergency situation. This includes using scene safety measures to ensure your well-being. By addressing these fears in first aid training, participants can gain confidence and be better prepared to handle emergencies effectively and safely. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/147/Fears_of_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/differences-in-child-size-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/167.mp4 Differences in Child Size https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/287/Differences_in_Child_Size-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/adult-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/110.mp4 Adult Choking Dealing with Choking: Recognizing and Responding 1. Understanding Choking Choking can be categorized as mild or severe, depending on the extent of airway obstruction. 1.1 Mild Choking In cases of mild choking, there's partial blockage in the throat, and the person can still cough, breathe heavily, and may even talk. Common examples include throat blockage due to a fishbone. Initial steps involve calming the person and allowing them to cough, but if the obstruction persists, seek medical help as you can't remove the object yourself. 1.2 Severe Choking Severe choking results from a complete throat blockage, often caused by large food items. The person won't be able to cough and will rapidly deteriorate, necessitating immediate intervention. 2. Recognizing Severe Choking To identify severe choking: Ask, "Are you choking?" and observe for signs. Signs include hands clutching the throat and difficulty breathing. If the person can't respond verbally, look for non-verbal cues of distress. 3. Performing Life-Saving Procedures For severe choking, take these critical actions: 3.1 Back Blows Deliver five back blows between the shoulder blades while ensuring the person leans forward slightly. Watch for the expelled object after each blow. 3.2 Abdominal Thrusts Perform five abdominal thrusts by placing your thumb side just above the belly button and giving inward and upward thrusts. Alternate with back blows until the obstruction clears or the person loses consciousness. 4. Emergency CPR If the person loses consciousness, gently lower them to the ground and initiate CPR chest compressions. The trapped air in the lungs may help expel the obstruction as you compress the chest. 5. Special Consideration for Pregnant Individuals If dealing with choking in a pregnant person, use chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts, placing your fists on the middle of the breastbone and performing inward thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/173/Adult_Choking-01.jpg Yes 310 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/types-of-bleeding-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/112.mp4 Types of Bleed Managing Different Types of Bleeding 1. Capillary Bleeding Capillary bleeding occurs in superficial abrasion wounds and usually stops in a few minutes. If needed, bandage the wound, avoiding adhesive contact with the abrasion. 2. Venous Bleeding Venous bleeding, while not as severe as arterial bleeding, involves steady oozing of dark red blood. Follow these steps: Apply direct pressure with a bandage or gloved hand. Do not lift the bandage to check for clotting; lift your hand to inspect for blood seepage. If necessary, have the patient hold the dressing in place. Use roller gauze to secure the bandage, starting at the distal end (away from the heart). If bleeding persists, activate EMS. 3. Arterial Bleeding Arterial bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that may pulsate or spurt. Follow these steps: Apply direct pressure with a dressing. If blood seeps through, remove and dispose of the old dressing, and add a new dressing over the injury. If significant bleeding continues, consider removing all dressings and reapplying. Use your judgment to determine if additional pressure is needed. If there are no bone fractures or spinal cord injuries, elevate the wound above the heart. Secure the dressing with roller gauze, starting at the distal end and working towards the heart. You can twist the gauze for added pressure. Check for any blood seepage and ensure the bandage is not causing a tourniquet effect. Elevate the wound, and either call EMS or transport the patient to the nearest hospital. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/177/Types_of_Bleed-01.jpg Yes 125 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/plasters https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/287.mp4 Applying Plasters Guide to Using Plasters for Wound Care Understanding Plasters Plasters provide a simple yet effective means of safeguarding and maintaining the cleanliness of minor injuries. Choosing the Right Plaster Plasters come in various types and sizes, so it's essential to make the correct selection: Types: Waterproof, fabric, or gauze. Quality: Higher-quality plasters offer superior adhesive properties, ensuring better protection in all conditions. Ensuring Sterility Plasters are always sterile and typically found in most first-aid kits. Follow these steps to maintain their cleanliness: Sizes: Available in various shapes and sizes, including round plasters for small wounds and finger-shaped plasters for fingertip injuries. Hygiene: Always wear gloves to prevent contamination and infection. Application Process Here's how to correctly apply a plaster: Inspect: Examine the wound site for cleanliness and suitability. Prepare: Peel back the plaster to expose the adhesive side. Apply: Carefully attach the plaster, removing any remaining backing paper. Secure: Ensure the plaster is firmly in place and that there is no bleeding seeping through. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/521/Applying_plasters.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/electrocution-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/312.mp4 Electrical Injuries Workplace Electrical Accidents: Risks, Injuries, and First Aid Overview An examination of workplace electrical accidents in the UK, including risks, common injuries, and first aid measures. Statistics Annual Incidents: Approximately 1,000 reported electrical accidents occur in UK workplaces annually. Fatalities: Out of these incidents, 25 result in fatalities. Risk Factors Various sources of electrical hazards within the workplace. Common Sources: Mains electricity, high voltage cables, batteries, static electricity, and even lightning. Common Injuries An analysis of the most prevalent injuries resulting from electrical accidents. Direct Contact: Injuries often stem from direct contact with an electrical charge. Potential Causes: Reasons for contact include poorly maintained equipment, machine interactions with power lines, unsuitable equipment in wet or explosive environments, and contact with underground power lines. Electricity Path: When a body part contacts live electricity, it becomes the conduit for the electrical charge, leading to muscle contractions, potential burns, sparks, and more. Severity and Treatment Factors influencing the severity of electrical injuries and initial first aid steps. Current Impact: The severity depends on the current's strength, duration of contact, and the path it takes through the body. Fatality Risk: Currents as low as 60mA can be fatal in wet conditions, affecting the heart's electrical activity and causing cardiac arrest. Burns: Electricity can lead to severe burns, both entry and exit points, which can be painful and slow to heal. Fire and Explosion: Electrical sparks can trigger fires or explosions. First Aid Immediate actions to take when providing first aid for electrical injuries. Scene Safety: Ensure your own safety before assisting the patient. Assess Breathing: Check if the patient is breathing; initiate CPR if necessary. Unconscious Patients: Place unconscious patients in the recovery position and inspect for additional injuries. Secondary Injuries: Assess for burns, falls, flying objects, sharp wires, or melted plastic. Child Safety Preventing electrical injuries involving children through precautions and awareness. Child Risks: Children can encounter electrical hazards from sockets, playing with equipment, or damaging wires. Precautions: Implement safety measures wherever children and electricity may intersect. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/571/Electrical_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 207 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/other-injuries-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/292.mp4 Other Types of Injury Types of Injuries and First Aid Procedures 1. Contusion A contusion, often referred to as a bruise or the result of a blunt blow, can vary in appearance due to individual differences. For instance, the elderly or young individuals may bruise more easily. First Aid: Applying a cold compress can help alleviate pain, reduce blood flow, and minimize swelling. 2. Abrasion An abrasion is characterized by a scrape to the skin, usually considered a minor injury. In many cases, rinsing the affected area with clean water or a saline solution may suffice. First Aid: Since it typically involves small capillary cuts and minimal skin removal, covering the area may not be necessary, as bleeding often stops quickly. 3. Laceration Lacerations are rough tears in the skin, often occurring in scenarios like catching one's hand on barbed wire. They can be serious and require treatment similar to that for serious bleeding. 4. Incision An incision refers to a clean cut, which can be caused by, for example, a knife. Depending on the location and depth of the cut, incisions can be serious and even life-threatening. 5. Puncture Puncture wounds involve objects piercing directly into the skin, such as stab wounds. These can also be serious, and treatment should follow the guidelines for serious bleeding. If the object remains in the body, leave it in place and bandage around it. 6. Velocity Velocity injuries occur when an object passes through the body, as in gunshot wounds. This type of injury is severe and is treated as a case of serious bleeding. The extent of damage may not be immediately apparent, so prompt medical assistance is crucial. 7. Amputation Amputation involves the removal of a body part, whether it's a finger, wrist, or leg. The severity of this condition varies depending on the affected body part. First aid includes keeping the patient calm, addressing shock, and treating for serious bleeding. Notify emergency medical services (EMS) and handle the severed body part by wrapping it in cling film or a plastic bag, followed by gauze or soft fabric. Place it in a container of ice, ensuring direct contact with ice is avoided. Label the container with the accident time and provide it to the EMS team. 8. De-gloving De-gloving occurs when all the skin is removed from a body part, such as when a ring becomes entangled in machinery. This can be a distressing and severe injury. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/531/Other_Types_of_Injury-01.jpg Yes 165 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/serious-bleeding-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/113.mp4 Serious Bleeding and Bandaging Controlling Bleeding: First Aid Guidance Understanding Bleeding Bleeding Sources: Injuries can lead to bleeding from various body parts, posing a life-threatening and distressing situation for both the patient and the first aider. Staying Calm and Taking Action Maintain Composure: When faced with bleeding, remain calm and rely on your training, as it may appear worse than it is. First Step: Ensure you are wearing gloves, as with all first aid procedures. Controlling Serious Bleeding Direct Pressure: The initial approach to control serious bleeding is applying direct pressure. This can be done by the patient or with your gloved hand, which aids in blood clotting. Pressure Bandage: For cuts, consider using a sterile pressure bandage. Check the dressing's expiry date and, if expired, use it only if no other option is available. Opening the Dressing: Tear open the packet to access the bandage with a gauze pad. Avoid removing embedded objects from the wound. Applying the Dressing Immediate Action: If possible, ask the patient to apply direct pressure with a sterile gauze pad while you put on gloves. Patient Position: Seat or lay the patient down, minimizing the risk of injury in case of fainting. Calling for Help: If the bleeding is severe, instruct a bystander to call for an ambulance. If alone, make the call after dressing application. Proper Dressing Application: Apply the dressing distally (away from the heart) towards the body, maintaining enough pressure to stop bleeding without obstructing circulation. Leakage: If blood seeps through the first dressing, remove it, assess the wound, and apply a fresh dressing. This indicates a serious bleed requiring immediate medical assistance. Arm Sling: Once bleeding is stable, immobilize the arm using a sling if applicable. Circulation Check Monitoring: After dressing application, check circulation by testing for capillary refill, especially if the dressing is on an arm. General Bleeding Cases Body Cuts: Similar procedures apply to any other type of cut. Use a dressing pad for direct pressure or secure it with a bandage if possible. Addressing Shock Shock Concern: In cases of serious bleeding, watch for signs of shock. If shock occurs, lay the patient down and elevate their legs if feasible. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/179/Serious_Bleeding_and_Bandaging-01.jpg Yes 173 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/infant-choking-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/172.mp4 Infant Choking How to Respond When an Infant is Choking Choking is a critical emergency, especially in infants, requiring swift and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes. Understanding Choking in Infants Infants are more prone to choking on food or small objects. Quick action is essential in these situations to ensure their safety. Mild vs. Severe Choking Mild Obstruction: Some air passage remains, and the infant can cough. Severe Obstruction: Airway is completely blocked, preventing breathing, crying, or coughing. Immediate Actions for Severe Choking Follow these steps carefully to assist a choking infant: Step 1: Back Blows Lay the infant face down along your thigh while sitting. Support their head with one hand. With the heel of your other hand, give up to five firm back-blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows for any dislodged obstruction. Step 2: Checking the Mouth Turn the infant over and lay them on your leg face-up to inspect their mouth: Remove visible obstructions carefully. Avoid blind finger sweeps. Step 3: Chest Thrusts While the infant is still lying face-up on your leg, locate the breastbone. Perform up to five chest thrusts using two thumbs with your hands around the chest, pressing inwards and downwards. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the obstruction remains. If the Infant Becomes Unconscious Immediately check for breathing and prepare to start CPR if there is no breath. Call Emergency Services or have someone call them if not done already. Conclusion Being prepared to act in a choking emergency can save an infant's life. Practice and familiarity with these procedures can make a critical difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/297/infant_choking.jpg Yes 231 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/child-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/170.mp4 Choking in children Dealing with Choking: Adult and Child Types of Obstruction Mild Airway Obstruction: Involves discomfort, potential pain, and distress due to a partial blockage (e.g., fishbone or small object). Severe Airway Obstruction: Represents a complete blockage, preventing breathing, talking, or coughing and may lead to unconsciousness if not addressed. Dealing with Choking on an Adult Assess Breathing: Ask the person if they are choking; if they can talk, they can breathe. Encourage Coughing: Support and keep the person calm, encouraging them to cough to clear the obstruction. Observe the Mouth: If the obstruction is visible, attempt to remove it without inserting fingers deeply into the mouth. Dealing with Choking on a Child Size Considerations: Kneel behind the child due to their smaller size; anticipate distress and the need for forcefulness. Back Blows: Stand behind and to the side of the child, delivering five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand. Abdominal Thrusts: Perform abdominal thrusts by making a fist and placing it between the child's belly button and the bottom of their breastbone; perform five sharp inward and upward pulls with the other hand on top of the fist. Repeat If Necessary: If the obstruction persists, repeat five back blows and five abdominal thrusts, checking each time. Emergency Actions If Obstruction Persists: Continue attempts to clear the obstruction; call emergency services if not done already. Loss of Consciousness: If the child loses consciousness, gently guide them to the floor, avoiding injury; initiate CPR if not breathing. After Successful Removal Assess and Calm: Sit the child down and keep them calm; seek medical attention to check for any injuries resulting from the thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/293/Choking_in_children-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/scene-safety-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/101.mp4 Scene Safety Ensuring Scene Safety: A Crucial Step Understanding the Situation Before taking any action, it's vital to assess the safety of the scene. In this simulated scenario, let's consider a car accident: Initial Caution: Avoid rushing in immediately. Survey the scene for potential hazards and dangers. Multiple Factors: For a car accident, assess the presence of other vehicles, bystanders, and the number of individuals involved. Risk Assessment: Perform a swift risk evaluation, considering various elements. Understanding the Vehicle When approaching a vehicle, be alert to specific risks and potential dangers: Fluid Presence: Check for any spilled fluids, such as water, oil, petrol, or diesel, as they may pose a fire hazard. Glass Hazards: Be cautious of broken glass resulting from the accident. Cargo Inspection: If it's a van or similar vehicle, consider what it may be carrying, especially chemicals or gas. Safe Approach Remember the mantra: Stop, Think, Act. Maintain a strategic approach to ensure safety while offering assistance: Engage From the Front: When communicating with the injured party, approach from the front to prevent unnecessary head movement. Establish Identity: Clearly introduce yourself: "I'm Keith, a first aider. Can I help you?" Maintain communication from a distance during the assessment phase. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Don gloves as a precaution before moving closer to the patient. Ensuring Head Stability When approaching the vehicle, be mindful of potential spinal injuries: Control Head Movement: Politely instruct the individual to keep their head still. This step is especially important in suspected spinal injury cases. Effective Communication Engage in a dialogue with the injured party while maintaining vigilance for any evolving dangers: Gathering Information: Ask pertinent questions such as "Are you alone? Is there anyone else in the vehicle? Are there any hazardous materials in the vehicle?" Comfort and Reassurance: A compassionate and informative approach helps ease the patient's anxiety. Calling for Assistance If the scene reveals minor injuries or conditions you can't manage, promptly activate the appropriate emergency services: Clear Reporting: Clearly communicate the nature of the situation to the emergency services dispatcher. Request Assistance: Depending on the circumstances, request an ambulance, police, or other relevant services as needed. Conclusion These safety procedures apply to various scenarios, whether involving adults in car accidents or children requiring assistance. Prioritising scene safety ensures effective care delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/155/Scene_Safety-01.jpg Yes 285 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/allergic-reactions-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/720.mp4 Allergic reactions and Anaphylaxis treatment Allergies and Anaphylaxis: A Comprehensive Guide Understanding Allergies Allergies are adverse reactions that occur when the body responds to specific foods or environmental substances. These reactions are triggered by substances known as allergens. Common allergens include pollen, latex, nuts, eggs, and pet dander. How Allergies Develop Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to allergens as if they were harmful invaders. The immune system produces antibodies to combat these allergens, leading to an immune response. Upon subsequent exposure, the body produces more antibodies, causing the release of chemicals that result in an allergic reaction. Common Allergic Disorders Allergies can manifest as various disorders, including: Asthma Eczema Hay Fever Symptoms of allergies can range from sneezing and coughing to skin rashes. The nature of symptoms depends on the type of allergen exposure. Understanding Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect the respiratory system and become life-threatening. Anaphylaxis can result from allergen exposure through ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, or injections (e.g., bee stings). Allergic reactions vary in severity, including sensitivity (exaggerated normal side effects) and intolerance (unpleasant symptoms unrelated to the immune system). Anaphylactic reactions are the most severe and require immediate medical attention. Treatment for Anaphylaxis Treatment for anaphylaxis often involves the use of auto-injectors, which deliver a pre-set dose of adrenaline to reduce symptoms until emergency help arrives. Common signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction include: Itchy skin or raised red rash Swelling of eyes, lips, hands, or feet Lightheadedness or fainting Narrowing of airways (wheezing, breathing difficulties) Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting Eventually collapsing and unconsciousness Anaphylaxis should always be treated as a medical emergency. If you suspect an anaphylactic reaction, dial 999 for an ambulance immediately. Types of Auto-Injectors Auto-injectors are prescribed by doctors and are not available over the counter. Individuals may have multiple auto-injectors, as a second dose can be administered if needed. Three common auto-injector brands include: EpiPen Emerade Jext Instructions for each auto-injector are clearly printed on the unit. Using Auto-Injectors While instructions may vary, general steps for using auto-injectors include: Remove the safety cap Administer the injection into the thigh Hold in place for a specified time Ensure proper diffusion of adrenaline (rub the area if necessary) After administering adrenaline, keep the person still and await emergency services. Hand over used auto-injectors to assist with medical care. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1237/Allergic_reactions_and_Anaphylaxis_treatment-01.jpg Yes 386 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/epilepsy-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/117.mp4 Epilepsy Epilepsy: Understanding Recurrent Seizures Defining Epilepsy Epilepsy is presently described as a propensity for recurrent seizures, which are triggered by sudden bursts of excessive electrical activity within the brain. This surge disrupts normal communication between brain cells, leading to interruptions or mix-ups in the brain's messaging. The Impact of Seizures The effects of a seizure are contingent on the origin and spread of epileptic activity in the brain. As the brain governs all bodily functions, the experience during a seizure varies depending on these factors, resulting in numerous seizure types. Seizures aren't exclusive to epilepsy; they can arise from diverse causes like head injuries, low blood glucose in diabetics, or alcohol poisoning. Key Facts About Epilepsy Epilepsy: A tendency for recurrent seizures. Seizure Types: Approximately 40 different types exist, and individuals may experience more than one. Wide Impact: Affects people of all ages and backgrounds. UK Prevalence: 1 in 131 people (456,000 individuals). Treatment Potential: 70 percent could achieve seizure freedom with suitable treatment. Single Seizures: 1 in 20 people may have a single seizure during their life. Outgrowing Epilepsy: Many who develop epilepsy as children may "grow out of it" in adulthood. Driving License: In the UK, those seizure-free for a year can reapply for a driving license. SUDEP: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy accounts for 500 UK deaths annually. Pregnancy: 2,500 women with epilepsy in the UK have a baby each year. Understanding Seizures Identifying a seizure involves observing key indicators: Sudden Loss of Responsiveness Rigid Body with Arched Back Noisy, Difficult Breathing Convulsions Possible Loss of Bladder Control Post-Seizure Deep Sleep A typical description of a tonic-clonic seizure, the most common generalised seizure type: Tonic Phase: Involves body rigidity, loss of consciousness, and chest muscle contractions. Clonic Phase: Characterized by repetitive muscle contractions and body shaking. Following a seizure, regaining consciousness may vary, accompanied by confusion and muscle soreness. Headaches and fatigue are common, prompting a desire to sleep. Some individuals experience warning symptoms called auras before seizures, manifesting as peculiar movements, sensations, or intense emotions. However, seizures often occur without warning. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/187/Epilepsy-01.jpg Yes 193 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/asthma-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/185.mp4 Asthma Asthma: Symptoms, Treatment, and First Aid Understanding Asthma Learn about the common yet often underestimated life-threatening condition. Asthma Basics: Explore the intermittent, reversible airway obstructions characterizing asthma. Airway Impact: Understand how asthma affects the airways and triggers. Severity Spectrum: Discover the varying levels of asthma, from mild to fatal. Asthma Statistics: Get insights into the prevalence and impact of asthma in the UK. Recognizing Asthma Attacks Identify the signs and symptoms of asthma attacks, from moderate to life-threatening. Moderate Attack: Understand symptoms like breathing difficulties, coughing, and anxiety. Severe Attack: Learn about the need for professional help, nebulisers, and steroids. Life-Threatening Signs: Recognize indicators like altered consciousness, cyanosis, and more. Immediate Action: Know the importance of calling EMS when severe symptoms arise. Managing Asthma Discover how asthma sufferers can effectively manage their condition and the role of medication. Asthma Medications: Learn about preventive and treatment inhalers. Inhaler Usage: Understand how to correctly use an inhaler. Support During an Attack: Provide reassurance and assistance during an asthma attack. First-Time Attack: Recognize when a first-time asthma attack requires immediate medical attention. First Aid Guidelines: Follow first aid steps suitable for both adults and children. Informing Parents and Recording Ensure proper communication and documentation when dealing with a child's asthma attack. Parental Notification: Inform parents if a child experiences an asthma attack under your care. Record Keeping: Document asthma cases in an accident book, especially in a work setting. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/321/Asthma-01.jpg Yes 346 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/diabetes-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/439.mp4 Diabetes Diabetes Overview Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes is the less common form, accounting for 5% to 15% of all diabetes cases. It results from the body's inability to produce any insulin and cannot be prevented. Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes, often associated with adulthood, is typically linked to being overweight. In this form, the body cannot produce enough insulin. Common Diabetes Symptoms The most prevalent symptoms of diabetes include: Increased thirst Weight loss Blurred vision Tiredness Frequent urination Slow healing of wounds The modern lifestyle, characterized by a poor diet and lack of exercise, is contributing to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes in the UK Currently, there are approximately 2.5 million people living with diabetes in the UK. It is estimated that more than half a million people have the condition but are unaware of it. Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia refers to excessively high blood sugar levels, while hypoglycemia signifies dangerously low blood sugar levels, often treated with a sugar drink. Treatment for Diabetic Emergencies For diabetic emergencies, treatments include: Glucose liquids Glucose gels Glucose tablets Early treatment is crucial in managing diabetic emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/825/Diabetes-01.jpg Yes 317 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/introduction-nanny-au-pair-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1051.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the Paediatric One-Day First Aid Course Course Overview Thank you for choosing the Paediatric One-Day First Aid for Nannies and Au Pairs online course from ProTrainings. This course is designed to equip you with essential first aid skills specifically tailored for nannies and au pairs. Course Details Flexible Learning: Watch instructional videos, complete knowledge review questions, and take a final test at your own pace. Multi-Device Access: Start the course on your computer and continue on your smartphone or tablet. Interactive Learning: Use subtitles and read accompanying text to enhance understanding; pause and revisit videos as needed. Support and Assistance: Receive additional help for incorrect answers and access comprehensive resources from the course homepage. Completion and Certification: Upon passing the test, download and print your completion certificate and other relevant materials. Additional Course Features Course Duration: Access course materials for eight months from the start date, even after completing the test. Updates and Support: Benefit from regular course updates and a support package throughout your training. Company Solutions: Explore free company dashboards for workplace training coordination; contact us for more details. Stay Informed: Receive weekly emails with updates on new course content and blog news; manage your email preferences anytime. We are committed to providing a comprehensive learning experience and support for all our online courses. We hope you find this course valuable and wish you success in your training journey with ProTrainings. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1781/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 143 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/burn-clingfilm https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/425.mp4 Treating a burn Treating Burns with Plastic Film Introduction Learn how to treat burns using plastic film as a protective covering. Materials Needed Burn film: Specialized burns film or regular plastic wrap for food storage. Scissors: Blunt-ended shears for cutting the film. Gloves: To maintain cleanliness during the procedure. Procedure Follow these steps when dealing with a burn using plastic film: Prepare the Film: Begin by removing any dirty or non-sterile sections of the film, ensuring a clean piece for use. Inspect the Burn: Check the burn site and remove any jewelry to prevent constriction due to swelling. Application: Layer the film gently over the burn, avoiding wrapping it tightly to accommodate potential swelling. Secure the Film: To prevent it from slipping, use a bandage to lightly secure the film in place, allowing easy removal if necessary. Additional Tips Reducing Pain: The film helps expel air and oxygen, reducing pain in the affected area. Transport: If transporting the patient to the hospital, ensure the film is securely in place but not too tight to account for swelling. Caution: Be cautious when applying the film to larger areas of the body to avoid unnecessary constriction. Remember, burns requiring plastic film treatment should be assessed by a medical professional as soon as possible. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/797/Treating_a_burn.jpg Yes 405 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/croup https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/423.mp4 Croup Understanding Croup in Children Overview of Croup Croup is an infection affecting the voice box (larynx) and the airway to the lungs (trachea). It is characterised by: Barking cough: Seal-like cough sound. Rasping breathing: Noisy breathing in. Hoarse voice and respiratory distress: Due to upper airway obstruction. Croup primarily affects: Children aged 6 months to 3 years old, though older children can also be affected. Boys more than girls. May recur multiple times during childhood. Management and Treatment Most cases of croup are self-limiting and improve without treatment: If distressed, sit the child upright to ease breathing. Home care: Provide comfort, fluids, and manage fever with paracetamol. Avoid smoke: Smoking and smoky environments can worsen symptoms. Avoid: Cough medicines and decongestants as they offer no benefit. Medication Guidelines For pain and fever management: Use liquid paracetamol for children, avoiding if sensitive or had adverse reactions. Ibuprofen can be used for children over 3 months old, weighing over 5kg, if not sensitive. Consult GP or pharmacist for guidance on painkiller suitability and dosages. When to Seek Medical Help Seek urgent medical assistance if: Child is struggling to breathe - call 999 or request an ambulance. Concerned about child's breathing - consult GP. Hospital Treatment In severe cases: Steroids: Given orally to reduce airway inflammation. Oxygen therapy: Administered to ease breathing. Intravenous fluids: If needed for hydration. Intubation: Rarely required, helps in severe respiratory distress. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/793/Croup-01.jpg Yes 245 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/eye-injuries-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/437.mp4 Eye Injuries Dealing with Eye Injuries: First Aid and Guidelines Types of Eye Injuries Eye injuries encompass a range of scenarios, including: Cuts Impact injuries Foreign objects entering the eye Exposure to chemicals or other substances Immediate Response Act promptly following these steps: Step 1: If the patient wears contact lenses, encourage them to remove them if possible. Step 2: For chemical exposure, wash the eye meticulously. Ensure that the rinsing flows away from the unaffected eye to prevent contamination. Step 3: In chemical incidents, document the substance for reference and relay this information to emergency medical services. Providing a chemical label or datasheet can be helpful. Step 4: Flush the affected eye with a saline solution, an eyewash station, or clean water for a minimum of 20 minutes to ensure complete removal of the substance. Step 5: Remove small particles like grit, sand, or dirt carefully from the eye using the corner of a sterile dressing or a tissue. Eye Examination and Treatment Depending on the injury type: Scratched Eye: If there's suspicion of a scratched eye, consult a medical professional for evaluation. Cuts Around the Eye: Apply a sterile eye pad dressing to control bleeding and provide comfort to the patient. Reassurance: Support and reassure the patient, especially since impaired vision can increase their anxiety. Offer a tissue if there's any blood around the eye. Do Not Cover Ears: When using an eye pad dressing, avoid covering the patient's ears to ensure unimpaired hearing. Eye Movement Restriction: In cases where eye movement could worsen the injury, instruct the patient to cup their hands over both eyes to prevent any motion. Stay with them to provide reassurance until help arrives. Patient Transport: When moving a patient with an eye injury, handle them with care and maintain a reassuring presence. Important Considerations Remember these crucial points when dealing with eye injuries: Do Not Remove Objects: Never attempt to remove objects that have penetrated the eye. Avoid Eye Contact: Refrain from touching or rubbing the injured eye, applying makeup near it, or using contact lenses until recovery. When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention Refer to NHS guidelines for hospital referral: Strong chemical exposure (e.g., oven cleaner or bleach) Penetration of the eye by a sharp object High-speed impact injury to the eye (e.g., power tool or lawnmower accidents) Post-injury changes in eye appearance Headache, high temperature, or light sensitivity Nausea or vomiting following the eye injury Inability to move or open the eye Blood or pus discharge from the eye https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/821/Eye_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/febrile-convulsions-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/177.mp4 Febrile convulsions Febrile Convulsions in Children Overview Febrile convulsions are seizures that can occur in children with high temperatures. They are typically seen in children between 6 months and 6 years old. Causes Febrile Illnesses: Febrile convulsions often accompany illnesses causing high temperatures, such as flu or ear infections. Vaccinations: Convulsions may occur 8 - 14 days after certain vaccinations, though they are more commonly associated with the measles virus itself. Symptoms Appearance: Hot and flushed skin, dazed or confused, may lose consciousness. Muscle Symptoms: Muscle tightening, twitching, shaking, arching of the back, clenched fists. Other Symptoms: May stop breathing briefly, loss of bladder or bowel control, sweating. Patient Care Safety Measures: Place the child on a flat surface, clear the area around them, and pad with towels to prevent injury. Loosen Clothing: Ensure clothing is loose, especially around the neck. Do Not Restrict: Do not restrain the child's movements. Protect Airways: Do not insert anything into the mouth; clear vomit or food from the vicinity. Cooling: Cool the room, loosen clothing, but do not sponge or bathe the child. Recovery Position: Place the child in the recovery position. Medication: Administer paracetamol as directed to lower temperature; avoid ibuprofen for children under six months. Monitor Vital Signs: Keep track of the child's vital signs and report any concerns to a doctor. Emergency Action Activate emergency medical services (EMS) if: The child's condition does not improve after the convulsion. The seizure is focused on one part of the body. Breathing difficulties occur or the seizure lasts more than 15 minutes. Another seizure follows shortly after the first. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/305/Febrile_convulsions-01.jpg Yes 295 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/paediatric-accident-reporting-and-record-keeping https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1278.mp4 Paediatric Accident Reporting and Record Keeping Accident Reporting Requirements for Childcare Providers Legal Requirements and Notification Procedures Childcare providers registered with the Early Years and Childcare Register must adhere to specific reporting guidelines set out by law. Legal Framework Childcare Regulations: The Childcare (General Childcare Register) Regulations 2008 Statutory Framework: The Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage Welfare Requirements: The Early Years Foundation Stage (Welfare Requirements) Regulations 2007 Reporting Obligations You must report any serious accidents, injuries, or deaths that occur in your childcare provision promptly and appropriately. Immediate Reporting: Report serious incidents as soon as reasonably possible. Timeframe: Within 14 days for other incidents not requiring immediate notification. The quickest way to notify Ofsted is by phone, providing essential details such as incident time, location, and individuals involved. Types of Incidents to Report Reportable Events: Include deaths on or off premises due to incidents during childcare, and serious injuries requiring hospitalization for more than 24 hours. Significant Events: Any event likely to affect childcare suitability. Minor injuries and routine medical appointments do not require notification but should be recorded. Record Keeping Providers must maintain records of accidents and first aid treatments. Content of Records: Date, time, location, personal details of those involved, brief description of incident, and treatment administered. Format: Records can be kept digitally or on paper as preferred by the provider. Forms for recording incidents are available in your ProTrainings login area for convenience. Additional Requirements Stay updated on HSE requirements under the first aid at work regulations and any changes in Ofsted requirements. Ensure compliance with these regulations to maintain high standards of childcare safety and reporting. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2267/Paediatric_Accident_Reporting_and_Record_Keeping-01.jpg Yes 220 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/introduction-to-paediatric-and-adult-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1384.mp4 Paediatric CPR Introduction Paediatric CPR: An Introduction In this section, we will look at paediatric CPR, which stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CPR is a life-saving skill used when someone is not breathing normally. This topic is covered across several short films. We will explain CPR for infants, children, and adolescents, before moving on to specific elements such as chest compressions, rescue breaths, and AED use. Paediatric Age Groups Explained For the purposes of CPR: Infants are defined as under 1 year old Children are aged from 1 to 12 years Adolescents are aged from 13 to 18 years You do not need to know the child’s exact age to start CPR. What matters most is using a technique that allows you to achieve effective chest compressions. Choosing the Right Compression Technique The method you use will depend on the size of the child and what you are physically able to do: If you can deliver compressions using two thumbs, treat them as an infant If two-thumb compressions are not possible, use one hand as you would for a child If one hand is not effective, you can use two hands The priority is always to deliver good-quality compressions. Do what feels safest and most effective for you. Working With Other Rescuers In this section, we will also cover: How to hand over CPR to a second rescuer safely and smoothly How to provide continuous chest compressions only when you are unable or unwilling to give rescue breaths Chest-compression-only CPR is still highly effective and is always better than doing nothing. Key Message You do not need to be an expert to save a child’s life. Acting quickly, using the technique you can manage, and continuing until help arrives gives the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2487/Paediatric_CPR_Introduction.jpg Yes 68 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/reporting-and-consent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1506.mp4 Paediatric reporting and consent Reporting Accidents and Injuries in Childcare Settings Responsibilities and Procedures When caring for children, it's crucial to report accidents or injuries, including signs of abuse, even if they didn't occur in the childcare setting. Providing Clear Information Ensure information provided is clear, concise, and based solely on facts, setting aside personal opinions. Reporting Entities You may need to report incidents to multiple authorities: Ofsted: Focuses on child well-being within the setting. Health and Safety Executive (HSE): Responsible for workplace accident investigations. Local Authority: Monitors and approves childcare settings, providing guidance on reporting procedures. Involvement of Other Agencies Social workers, child protection offices, and possibly the police may be involved in cases, requiring information and potential witness statements. Parental Communication Parents or guardians may seek information or express concerns regarding incidents involving their children. Data Protection Considerations Before sharing any information, ensure compliance with the Data Protection Act to avoid breaching confidentiality. Only share necessary information with authorized individuals and organizations involved in the investigation. If unsure, seek advice to ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2771/Paediatric_reporting_and_consent-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/minor-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1617.mp4 Minor Injuries Dealing with Minor Injuries: First Aid Guide Introduction First aid encompasses not only serious accidents but also addressing minor injuries. This guide explores various minor injuries and how to provide initial care. 1. Dealing with Minor Cuts Minor cuts can be managed easily: Clean the wound area. Apply a plaster. Monitor for possible infection. 2. Handling Blisters Blisters can result from ill-fitting shoes or friction: Keep the area clean and dry. Pat it dry; do not rub to avoid bursting. Cover with a plaster to reduce friction. Consider changing footwear if the cause persists. 3. Coping with Workplace Blisters Blisters can occur at work, such as from using tools: Key Points: Avoid bursting blisters to prevent infection. 4. Treating Small Scratches Small scratches require minimal care: Check for dirt in the wound. Clean the wound. Consider using a plaster. 5. Removing Splinters Splinters may be caused by wood, metal, or plastic: Remove by pushing from the base gently. Clean the area once the splinter is out. Plaster application may be optional. If unable to remove, seek medical help. 6. Handling Thorns Thorns can usually be pulled out with tweezers: Key Points: Ensure the entire thorn is removed. Check for signs of infection in the following days. 7. Addressing Cut Lips Cut lips may not always require a plaster: Instruct the patient to hold a dressing over the wound until bleeding stops. Advise them to avoid talking, which can reopen the wound. Cut lips typically heal quickly. 8. Treating Cuts Inside the Mouth Cuts inside the mouth can be handled with care: Use cotton wool or dressing to apply direct pressure. Assist in controlling bleeding. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2865/minor_injury-01.jpg Yes 168 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/drowning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/708.mp4 Drowning Responding to Suspected Drowning Incidents 1. Prioritize Safety First When encountering a suspected drowning victim who is unresponsive and not breathing, prioritize safety for yourself and others. 2. Assess the Situation Begin this scenario with the victim on their back, considering potential water-related hazards such as cold water, underwater obstructions, soft beds, or strong currents. 3. Drowning vs. Office Situation Recognize the distinction between a drowning victim and someone not breathing in an office setting. Drowning is more likely due to a respiratory problem. 4. Providing Treatment If someone is present, send them to call the EMS; otherwise, continue with care. Open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, administer five rescue breaths initially. Follow with 30 compressions and two breaths, repeating for one minute. If alone, leave to call for help, following the "call fast approach." Continue CPR with 30 compressions and two breaths until EMS arrives or instructs otherwise. 5. Importance of Initial Rescue Breaths Delivering five initial rescue breaths aims to restart breathing and assess signs of life before proceeding with CPR. 6. Consistency with Child Drowning Protocol It's noteworthy that the sequence for responding to drowning is the same for children aged 1 to 18. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1213/Drowning.jpg Yes 122 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/shock-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/114.mp4 Shock Understanding Shock: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Shock is defined as a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues. It is a life-threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to provide enough oxygenated blood to the body. Causes of Shock Shock can be triggered by various factors, including: Severe internal or external bleeding Loss of body fluids (e.g., dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, or burns) Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) Infections (e.g., septic shock) Spinal cord injury Types of Shock Hypovolemic Shock Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a lack of fluid or blood volume in the circulatory system. This results in the heart working harder to pump blood around the body. A common cause of hypovolemic shock is significant blood loss, which can be due to internal or external bleeding. Neurogenic Shock Neurogenic shock is caused by a disruption in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) pathways, often following an injury to the central nervous system, such as a spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. Complications include sustained and severe hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate), which can persist for weeks after the injury. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The ANS is a part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for involuntary bodily functions, such as: Heart rate regulation Blood pressure control Respiration Digestion The ANS has two main branches: Sympathetic nervous system: Prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses Parasympathetic nervous system: Promotes "rest and digest" activities Cardiogenic Shock Cardiogenic shock is a critical condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This leads to inadequate blood flow to vital organs, which can cause severe complications. It is most often caused by a major heart attack, though not everyone who has a heart attack will experience cardiogenic shock. Anaphylactic Shock Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction to substances like food, insect stings, or medications. It is a life-threatening condition and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms of Shock The symptoms of shock include: Rapid and shallow breathing Weak pulse Sweating Pale, clammy, cold skin Blue-grey areas around the lips and extremities Weakness and dizziness Nausea or vomiting Restlessness or aggressive behavior Thirst, yawning, and sighing Loss of consciousness in severe cases First Aid Treatment for Shock If someone is in shock, follow these emergency steps: Call emergency services (EMS) immediately. Check for any visible injuries and provide appropriate treatment. Lay the patient down and elevate their legs 15 to 30 cm to help blood flow to vital organs, unless it causes discomfort or worsens other injuries. Keep the patient warm by covering them with a blanket or coat. Reassure the patient to keep them calm. Do not give them anything to eat or drink, as this could divert blood from vital organs to the stomach. Monitor the patient carefully. If they stop breathing, begin CPR. Fainting: A Mild Form of Shock Fainting is often considered a mild form of shock. It can be treated by laying the person down and elevating their legs. In most cases, fainting does not require calling emergency services, as the person usually recovers quickly. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/181/Shock_and_Fainting-01.jpg Yes 250 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/resuscitation-of-children https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1947.mp4 Resuscitation of children CPR for Children and Infants: Why Acting Matters More Than Fear Having to resuscitate a child or infant can be one of the most distressing situations anyone may face. Sadly, many children do not receive life-saving CPR because bystanders fear causing harm, especially if they are not specifically trained in paediatric resuscitation. This fear is unfounded. It is always far better to act than to do nothing. Using the Adult BLS Sequence on Children For ease of learning and retention, lay rescuers are taught that the adult Basic Life Support (BLS) sequence can be used for children who are unresponsive and not breathing normally. If you are unsure, follow the adult sequence. Doing something will always give the child a better chance of survival than doing nothing at all. Chest Compression Depth and Technique When delivering chest compressions to children and infants, the recommended depth is: At least one-third of the depth of the chest Hand Position by Age Group Infants (under 1 year): Use two thumbs with the wrap-around technique Children (1–12 years): Use one or two hands, depending on the size of the child Adolescents (13–18 years): Use two hands, as you would for an adult Whether you use one hand or two on a child is up to you. The outcome is the same. Choose the technique that feels safest, most comfortable, and best suited to the child’s size. The Impact of CPR on Survival What you do — or don’t do — has a huge impact on survival. No CPR: Survival rate of approximately 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival rate of around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rate increases to 13.6% These figures clearly show that early action saves lives. Delivering Rescue Breaths When giving rescue breaths: Deliver each breath over about one second Give just enough air to see the chest rise The maximum time between the last compression and the first compression of the next cycle should be no more than 10 seconds — and ideally much less. This minimises interruptions to chest compressions and helps maintain blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Key Message to Remember You do not need to be perfect to save a life. Fear of causing harm should never stop you from acting. Using the adult BLS sequence on a child or infant is far safer than doing nothing. Early CPR, even if it is not textbook-perfect, dramatically improves a child’s chance of survival. Act quickly. Act confidently. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3507/Resuscitation_of_Children.jpg Yes 114 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/effective-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1389.mp4 Effective CPR Understanding CPR: The Heart, Cardiac Arrest, and the Importance of Compressions Knowing how the heart functions and the impact of cardiac arrest is crucial for delivering effective CPR. You can keep blood circulating with proper compressions until a defibrillator becomes available. How the Heart Functions The heart's natural pacemaker, the Sinoatrial Node, sends regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (Atrium) to the bottom chamber (Ventricle). This process keeps the heart pumping blood. In cardiac arrest, this normal functioning is disrupted, often due to electrolyte imbalances, potassium interference, or heart-related issues. Cardiac Arrest and Ventricular Fibrillation During cardiac arrest, the heart's electrical pathways are disrupted, causing the heart to experience ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. In this state, defibrillation is necessary to restore normal heart function. Effective CPR and Chest Compressions While waiting for an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), perform effective CPR: Push down 5-6cm at 100-120 beats per minute. Place hands in the centre of the chest. Maintain a straight posture and use body weight. Switch rescuers every two minutes for optimal CPR. Allow the chest to recoil fully between compressions. The Role of AEDs AEDs work by passing electricity through the heart, momentarily stunning it and allowing the heart's pacemaker to restore normal function. In cases of cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen, the AED may indicate that no shock is necessary. Continue CPR and monitor the patient until emergency services arrive. Remember: Anyone can perform CPR. The key is to maintain the correct rate and depth of compressions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2505/Effective__CPR-01.jpg Yes 357 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/excessive-blood-loss https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1956.mp4 Excessive Blood Loss Recognizing and Treating Blood Loss: First Aid Guide Understanding Blood Loss Hidden Threat: Excessive blood loss doesn't always involve visible skin injuries; it can occur internally with fractures or organ damage. Impact of Fractures: Even when the skin remains intact, a broken thigh bone can lead to blood loss of up to one litre; if there's an external bleed, this can escalate to one to two litres. Pelvic Fractures: Pelvic fractures can range from minor blood loss to severe cases where a person can lose all their blood, as the main femoral artery passes over the pelvis. Organ Injuries: Injuries to organs such as the spleen, liver, or chest can result in varying levels of blood loss, from minimal to total. Recognizing Blood Loss Challenging Recognition: Identifying severe blood loss can be difficult. It's wise to assume the worst and treat accordingly due to the challenges of assessing both external and internal bleeding. Factors Affecting Recognition: Various factors like age, size, weight, medical conditions, fitness, and medications can influence how signs and symptoms manifest, potentially masking them until the situation becomes critical. Assessment and Response Collect Information: Gather details about the incident history and assess the injury mechanism. Watch for Signs: Keep an eye out for these signs: Pale, Cold, Sweaty Skin Rapid Breathing (Over 20 breaths per minute) Thirst Rapid Pulse (Over 100 beats per minute) Altered Mental State Anxiety, Confusion, Drowsiness, Restlessness Unconsciousness Emergency Treatment Immediate Actions: Activate Emergency Services: Call for professional help. Treat External Bleeding: Address any visible external bleeding. Identify Internal Bleeding: Attempt to determine if there is internal bleeding. Position and Monitor: Lay Down: Place the individual on their back. Raise Legs (If Possible): Elevate their legs if feasible. Keep Warm: Ensure they stay warm. Monitor Consciousness and Vital Signs: Continuously assess their consciousness and vital signs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3535/Excessive_Blood_Loss-01.jpg Yes 129 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/introduction-to-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1385.mp4 Choking Recognition Dealing with Choking: Recognize, Assess, and Respond 1. Choking: A Manageable Emergency Choking, while not a common cause of death, often occurs during eating or in social settings. Timely action can be a lifesaver, as victims are initially conscious and responsive. 2. Recognizing Choking Key to a successful response is differentiating choking from other medical emergencies such as fainting, heart attacks, or seizures. Look for signs like sudden respiratory distress, cyanosis, or loss of consciousness. 3. Choking Risk Factors Choking typically happens while eating or drinking and can be more likely in individuals with certain risk factors: Reduced consciousness Drug or alcohol intoxication Neurological impairment affecting swallowing and cough reflex Respiratory disease Mental impairments or dementia Dental problems Older age 4. Identifying Severity of Choking Ask the conscious victim, "Are you choking?" to determine the severity: If they can speak, cough, and breathe, it's a mild obstruction. If they can't speak, have a weakened cough, or struggle to breathe, it's severe. 5. Treatment Approach We'll explore choking treatment in detail in later videos, but here's a brief overview: For mild obstruction, encourage coughing. Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest compressions are for severe obstructions. Success rates improve with combinations of techniques. Bystander-initiated chest compressions for unconscious victims can be effective. 6. Aftercare and Seeking Medical Advice Even after successful choking treatment, victims may have residual foreign material in their airways. Look for symptoms like persistent cough or difficulty swallowing and advise victims to seek medical evaluation. Caution: Abdominal thrusts and chest compressions can potentially cause internal injuries, so victims treated with these methods should be examined by medical professionals afterward. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2489/Choking_Recognition-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/meningitis-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/244.mp4 Meningitis Meningitis: Understanding the Causes and Symptoms Overview Meningitis is an infection characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by viruses or bacteria and requires prompt medical attention due to its potentially life-threatening nature. Types of Meningitis Viral Meningitis: More common and less severe, transmitted through respiratory secretions. Symptoms include headache, fever, and drowsiness. Bacterial Meningitis: Caused by bacteria found in the nose and throat, can lead to blood poisoning (septicaemia) and requires immediate antibiotic treatment. Symptoms Symptoms vary by age group: Children and Adults: High fever, loss of appetite, stiff neck, joint pain, seizures, disorientation. Infants and Toddlers: High fever, neck retraction, arching back, lethargy, convulsions, difficulty waking up, tense fontanelle. Glass Test The rash associated with meningitis may not be the first sign and does not appear in all cases. To perform the glass test: Press a clear glass firmly against the skin. If spots do not fade when the glass is rolled over, it may indicate meningitis. Seek medical assistance immediately if in doubt, regardless of the presence of a rash. Emergency Response If meningitis is suspected: Ensure the child is comfortable and cool. Call emergency services, describing symptoms and suspicion of meningitis. Monitor and record vital signs. Conclusion Meningitis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Understanding its symptoms, including the potential presence of a rash, can help in timely diagnosis and treatment. For more information, visit the Meningitis Now website. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/435/Meningitis-01.jpg Yes 310 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/asthma-spacers https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2205.mp4 Asthma Spacers Asthma Spacers: A Comprehensive Guide Understanding Asthma Spacers An asthma spacer is a sizeable plastic or occasionally metal device with a mouthpiece at one end and an opening at the other, designed to be used with aerosol inhalers. They facilitate the delivery of a metered dose of medication into the lungs, ensuring precise dosing. Types of Asthma Spacers Various types of asthma spacers are available, some equipped with face masks for use with infants. The essential training for using a spacer should be provided by a medical professional. How Asthma Spacers Work The medication is loaded into the spacer, where it accumulates. The user then inhales from the spacer, eliminating the need for precise timing and speed during inhalation. Spacers prevent medication from settling in the mouth or throat, ensuring it reaches the lungs. Spacers enhance drug efficiency by slowing down intake, allowing it to penetrate deeper into the lungs. They are equally as fast as standard inhalers in emergency situations. Spacers also reduce side effects by minimizing drug absorption into other body parts. They can help reduce side effects like oral thrush, which is particularly common in children using inhalers. How to Use an Asthma Spacer While actual user training should be conducted by a medical professional, the basic steps for using a spacer are as follows: Remove the cap and shake the inhaler. Insert the inhaler into the spacer. Breathe out gently as long as comfortable. Place the mouthpiece between your teeth and lips, creating a seal to prevent medicine escape. Depress the canister to release one puff of medicine into the spacer. Breathe in slowly and steadily through the mouthpiece (not forcefully). Remove the spacer from your mouth and hold your breath for 10 seconds (or as comfortable), then breathe out slowly. If a second dose is needed, wait 30 seconds, then repeat the steps above. Alternatively, if holding your breath is challenging, follow steps 1 to 6, and then: Keep the spacer in your mouth with your lips sealed around it. Breathe in and out of the mouthpiece five times. Repeat these steps for each required dose. When using spacers with children, it's essential to explain the process clearly and encourage their involvement: Remove the cap and shake the inhaler, allowing your child to assist. Insert the inhaler into the spacer. Place the mouthpiece between your child’s teeth and lips, ensuring a secure seal. Press the canister once to release one puff of your child’s inhaler medicine into the spacer. Have your child breathe in and out of the mouthpiece five times. Repeat from step 2 for each inhaler puff, remembering to shake the inhaler before each use. Cleaning Your Asthma Spacer Proper cleaning is crucial for maintaining the spacer's effectiveness: Use detergent for cleaning, taking care not to scrub and damage the device. Air dry the spacer. Despite potential cloudiness over time, spacers can last many months. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your medical professional. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4007/Asthma_spacers-01.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/sickle-cell-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/245.mp4 Sickle Cell Sickle Cell Anaemia: Understanding the Condition Overview Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder affecting blood cells, characterized by abnormal sickle or crescent-shaped red blood cells. Causes The condition is inherited from parents and affects haemoglobin, the substance responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. Prevalence Sickle cell is more common in individuals of African, Mediterranean, South American, Central American, Caribbean, and Middle Eastern origin. Effects Decreased Oxygen Delivery: Sickle-shaped cells deliver less oxygen to tissues due to interrupted blood flow. Increased Risk of Stroke: Blockage of blood vessels to the brain can lead to strokes. Symptoms Symptoms typically appear between four to six months of age and include: Pain: Severe pain in arms, legs, back, and stomach, triggered by various factors. Jaundice: Yellowing of the eyes and skin. Fatigue: Irritability and tiredness. Swelling: In hands, feet, joints, and bones. Management Effective management strategies include: Preventive Measures: Avoiding dehydration, overexertion, and sudden temperature changes. Pain Control: Providing warmth, massage, painkillers, and relaxation techniques. Emergency Response: Activating medical services and contacting parents in severe cases. Conclusion Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management of sickle cell anaemia is crucial for timely intervention and improved quality of life for affected individuals. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/437/Sickle_Cell-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/abcds-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/95.mp4 DRcABCDE approach The DRcABCDE Approach: A Structured Method for Emergency Patient Assessment The DRcABCDE approach is a clear, structured method used to assess, prioritise, and treat any patient in an emergency situation. It ensures that the most immediately life-threatening problems are identified and managed first. Current guidelines continue to emphasise that DRcABCDE must be used on every unwell or injured patient, from minor illness to major trauma. What Does DRcABCDE Stand For? The sequence is designed around what will kill the casualty first if not treated: Danger Response Catastrophic Bleeding Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure D – Danger Before approaching the casualty, stop and check for danger. Ensure your safety, the casualty’s safety, and the safety of others Look for hazards such as traffic, electricity, fire, violence, sharp objects, or unstable structures If the scene is unsafe, do not enter. You cannot help if you become the next casualty. R – Response Check whether the casualty is responsive: Speak clearly: “Can you hear me? Are you alright?” If there is no response, apply a gentle shoulder tap This helps assess their level of consciousness and whether urgent help is needed. If the casualty is unresponsive or responding poorly, call emergency services immediately and put your phone on speaker. c – Catastrophic Bleeding Catastrophic bleeding is managed before the airway. If you identify severe, life-threatening bleeding, control it immediately. There is no benefit in CPR if blood is rapidly leaving the body. Apply direct pressure Use a haemostatic dressing if available Apply a tourniquet when appropriate Uncontrolled blood loss can be fatal within minutes, making this an absolute priority. A – Airway Once catastrophic bleeding is controlled, open and check the airway. Use a head tilt and chin lift if no spinal injury is suspected Use a jaw thrust if spinal trauma is suspected Remove visible obstructions only — never perform blind finger sweeps A clear airway is essential. Without it, breathing cannot occur and oxygen cannot reach the brain. B – Breathing Assess breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for up to 10 seconds. If not breathing normally or only gasping, start CPR immediately and send for an AED If breathing is present, assess the rate, depth, and effort Look for: Chest rise and symmetry Wheezing or abnormal sounds Signs of respiratory distress or chest injury C – Circulation Check circulation and look for signs of shock. Pale, cold, or clammy skin Rapid pulse Ongoing bleeding Reduced level of consciousness In cardiac arrest, do not waste time checking for a pulse. In breathing casualties, a quick pulse check can help assess circulation. Treat shock early: Lay the casualty flat Keep them warm Treat the underlying cause D – Disability This stage assesses neurological status. Use the AVPU scale: A – Alert V – Responds to Voice P – Responds to Pain U – Unresponsive Also check for: Pupil changes Confusion or agitation Seizures Signs of head injury Consider low blood glucose as a reversible cause where appropriate. E – Exposure Fully expose the casualty to identify any hidden injuries, while maintaining dignity. Look for wounds, burns, swelling, rashes, or bleeding Check for medical alert jewellery or tags Prevent heat loss and monitor for hypothermia. Cover the casualty again as soon as possible. Why the DRcABCDE Approach Works The DRcABCDE approach is effective because it is simple, structured, and prioritises immediate threats to life. This assessment must be repeated continuously. As the casualty’s condition changes, your actions must adapt. Using DRcABCDE helps you stay calm, organised, and focused, giving every casualty the best possible chance of survival and recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/143/DRcABCDE.jpg Yes 276 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/epilepsy-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2428.mp4 Epilepsy treatment Epilepsy and Seizure First Aid Understanding Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition characterised by a propensity for recurrent, unprovoked convulsions, commonly referred to as seizures. Treatment approaches are generally consistent across most types of epilepsy. Dealing with Seizures Witnessing a seizure can be distressing, but as a first aider, your assistance is crucial. Follow these important steps: Protect: Safeguard the individual from harm by clearing the vicinity of dangerous objects. Cushion: Provide head support to prevent head injury. Time: Take note of the seizure's start and end times. Identification: Check for epilepsy identity cards or jewellery. Recovery Position: After the seizure, gently place them in the recovery position to aid breathing. Reassure: Offer calm reassurance throughout the process. Stay: Remain with the person until they fully recover. No Restraint: Avoid restraining or moving the person. Avoid Mouth Contact: Do not insert anything into the person's mouth. Minimize Movement: Only move them if there's imminent danger. No Food or Drink: Refrain from giving them food or drink until they are fully recovered. Avoid Waking: Do not attempt to rouse them. Monitoring and When to Call an Ambulance For all epilepsy types, continue monitoring the patient's breathing and pulse. Call for an ambulance under the following circumstances: First Seizure: It's their initial seizure. Long Duration: The seizure lasts longer than five minutes. Consecutive Seizures: Tonic-clonic seizures occur successively without consciousness recovery. Injury: The person sustains an injury during the seizure. Perceived Urgency: You believe immediate medical attention is necessary. In the rare event that the person stops breathing, activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and initiate CPR. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4625/Epilepsy_treatment-01.jpg Yes 158 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/foreign-objects-in-the-eye-ears-or-nose https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1529.mp4 Foreign objects in the eye, ears or nose First Aid for Eye, Ear, and Nose Foreign Objects Eye Foreign Objects If something like an eyelash, sand, dust, or an insect gets into the eye: Flush with Water: Gently hold the eye open and flush with clean or saline water. Positioning: Tip the head slightly to one side and pour water into the inner corner of the eye. Keep Dry: Place a towel around the shoulders to keep them dry. Seek Medical Help If: The foreign object cannot be flushed out. The object is on the white of the eye. Ear Foreign Objects If something is lodged in the ear: Positioning: Encourage the child to tip their head to one side to see if the item falls out. Medical Attention: Seek medical help if the item remains lodged in the ear. Important Note: Attempting to remove objects from the ear may cause damage to hearing and balance. Nose Foreign Objects If a child has something stuck in their nose: Do Not Attempt Removal: Do not let the child or anyone else attempt to remove it. Keep Calm: Keep the child calm and take them to the hospital immediately. Insect in the Ear: If an insect is in the ear: Positioning: Have the child tilt their head with the affected ear up. Flush with Water: Fill the ear with water to flush out the insect. Medical Advice: Seek medical advice if the insect does not float out. Important Note: Seek medical assistance promptly for any foreign objects that have penetrated or become stuck in sensitive areas like the eyes, ears, or nose. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2691/Foreign_objects_in_the_eye__ears_or_nose-01.jpg Yes 136 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/seizures-and-cardiac-arrest https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3268.mp4 Seizures and Cardiac Arrest Recognizing Cardiac Arrest during Seizures 1. Resuscitation Council Guidelines The Resuscitation Council's guidelines emphasize the importance of identifying cardiac arrest in unresponsive individuals not breathing normally. Bystanders and emergency medical dispatchers should maintain suspicion of cardiac arrest in patients with seizures. Careful assessment of breathing should be conducted in such cases. 2. Treating Unresponsive Individuals When encountering an unresponsive individual not breathing normally, it is crucial to treat the situation as a potential cardiac arrest and initiate CPR. 3. Suspicion during Seizures If you come across someone experiencing a seizure, always consider the possibility of cardiac arrest and verify their breathing status. During a seizure, the patient's breathing may pause briefly, typically resuming within 10 to 15 seconds. In some cases, breathing cessation may extend up to a minute. 4. Continuous Breathing Monitoring Remain vigilant for signs of cardiac arrest during a seizure episode by continuously monitoring the patient's breathing until they recover. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5719/Seizures_and_Cardiac_Arrest-01.jpg Yes 73 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/initial-assessment-and-recovery-position---paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4265.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position - Paediatric Initial Assessment and the Recovery Position In this film, we will look at the initial assessment of a casualty and how to place someone into the recovery position safely and correctly. Calling for Help If someone is with you and the situation requires it, ask them to call the emergency services immediately. If you are alone, continue with your assessment first and then call for help as soon as it is safe to do so. You may also be able to shout for help to attract the attention of others nearby. Check for Response Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess them. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Check for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Quickly look into the mouth for any visible obstruction With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing, you must call the emergency medical services immediately and begin CPR. If they are breathing normally, CPR is not required. When the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing: Send someone to call an ambulance, ensuring they return and tell you when help is on the way Your priority becomes maintaining an open airway and preventing choking Head-to-Toe Check If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe assessment before moving the casualty. Gently feel the shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If you find no signs of significant injury, the casualty can be placed into the recovery position. Placing the Casualty into the Recovery Position Ensure the casualty is lying on their back with their legs straight and together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the leg as a lever and supporting the head and airway, gently roll the casualty onto their side, facing you Once in position: Check that the airway is open Ensure the casualty is breathing normally Adjust the legs to help maintain stability Ongoing Care From this point, your role as a first aider is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they are unconscious Monitor their breathing continuously If you are alone and need to leave to get help: Check that they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised or fluid is present in the mouth, the recovery position may still be required If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect the airway Key Points to Remember Introduce yourself and check for response Open the airway and check for breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor the casualty until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7665/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 208 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/permission-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/98.mp4 Asking permission and consent to help Obtaining Consent in First Aid Situations Introduction and Permission When faced with a first aid scenario, it's crucial to follow proper protocol, beginning with a courteous introduction. Always introduce yourself and request the patient's permission to offer assistance. Consent Verification If the patient grants consent, whether through verbal affirmation, a nod, or by extending an injured limb for examination, you are legally authorized to proceed with your assistance. Respecting Patient's Wishes If, however, the patient declines your aid, you must respect their decision and refrain from any form of intervention. In such cases: Emergency Services: If the patient refuses help, promptly contact the emergency services for professional assistance. Refer to Supervisors or Family: Consider involving the patient's supervisor or family members to address their concerns and provide reassurance. Open Communication: Engage in a compassionate conversation with the patient, focusing on comforting and calming them despite your inability to assist directly. Unconscious Patients Even when dealing with an unconscious casualty, the principles of consent still apply. In such instances, consent may be implied as most individuals in this condition would likely accept aid if conscious: Verbal Interaction: Communicate with the unconscious patient as speaking to them can offer comfort. Hearing is often one of the last senses to diminish. Workplace Duty of Care It's important to recognize that in the workplace, as a designated first aider, you may hold a duty of care towards employees or colleagues. In such circumstances, the injured party may be required to seek your assistance: Employee Seeking Help: In situations where you have a duty of care, the casualty may be compelled to approach you for assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/149/ProTrainings-01.jpg Yes 217 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/bsi-first-aid-kit https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/451.mp4 BSi First Aid Kit Essential First Aid Kits in the Workplace: The BSI Range In any workplace, the presence of first aid kits is critical. Let's explore the BSI range of first aid kits, available in small, medium, and large sizes, with a focus on the small BSI kit. It's also worth noting the HSE kits as an older variant. Comparing BSI Kits with HSE Kits While HSE kits look similar to BSI kits on the outside, they don't contain as many items. The new standard for the General Workplace is now the BSI kit. However, when selecting a first aid kit, conducting a risk assessment is necessary to ensure you choose the appropriate kit. Design and Function of the BSI Kits BSI kits come in clamshell cases that securely fasten at the top. They also feature a wall bracket for easy mounting or can be hung via a hook attached to the handle. To open, lift the top catches and flip the case open. What's Inside a BSI First Aid Kit? The contents of BSI kits, regardless of size, remain the same; the quantity of items varies. Let's take a look inside: First Aid Guidance Leaflet: Provides important information about recovery positions, how to perform CPR, and other basic first aid knowledge. Gloves: BSI kits contain six pairs of gloves to cater to situations with multiple casualties or first aiders. This is a notable difference from the HSE kits, which only contain one pair of gloves. Triangular Bandages: Versatile and can be used for various purposes, including slings or packing and padding for wounds. Conventional Dressings: Ideal for cuts, featuring a woven gauze pad for easy use. Thermal Blankets: Useful for keeping patients warm, especially those experiencing shock due to blood loss. Wipes: Useful for cleaning wounds or dirt off hands. Resuscitation Face Shield: Single-use item for rescue resuscitation. Plasters: Assorted sizes for various wound types. Eye Pad Dressings: Specifically for eye injuries. Conforming Bandage and Micropore Tape: Useful for securing dressings and splints. Shears: Safe for cutting clothing and dressings. Larger HSE Dressings: For larger injuries. Burn Gel Dressing: Useful when running cold water isn't available for cooling burns. Finger Dressings: Specifically for finger injuries. Catering Versions of BSI Kits The BSI range also includes catering versions of the kits. These variants have blue dressings with embedded strips, allowing easy detection by X-ray or magnetic machines if a plaster ends up in food products during preparation. For More Information If you need more details about these kits, visit our website or contact us. Though these kits are targeted at businesses, they can be used for home first aid as well, as they contain all the necessary items. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/847/Screenshot_2023-07-16_at_15.59.06.png Yes 314 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/using-gloves-paed https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5052.mp4 Using gloves Proper Use of Gloves in First Aid: Minimising Infection Risk Fear of infection can discourage people from providing emergency first aid. Using gloves during first aid can help protect both the provider and the patient. Choosing the Right Gloves There are various types of gloves commonly used in first aid, including nitrile and vinyl gloves. Latex gloves are less common due to the risk of allergic reactions. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder making them easier to put on. However, some people may be allergic to the powder. Vinyl Gloves Vinyl gloves are often used in food preparation and are not very strong. They can tear easily, so it's essential to be cautious when putting them on. Nitrile Gloves Nitrile gloves are popular in first aid and come in different colours. Some organisations use specific colours for particular areas or purposes. These gloves are ambidextrous and fit on either hand. Putting on Gloves Before putting gloves on, remove any rings that may tear the glove and check for holes or tears. Put the gloves on carefully, as demonstrated in the video, and always check for any tears after putting them on. Changing and Disposing of Gloves When dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to avoid cross-contamination. BSI first aid kits typically include at least six pairs of gloves. Proper removal of gloves is crucial to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids. Remove them as demonstrated in the video and dispose of them in a biohazard bag or bin. Do not put them in general waste. Workplaces may have specific rules for disposing of gloves and other contaminated materials, so always check local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9007/Using_gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/face-shields-paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5421.mp4 Face shields and children Face Shields for CPR: Types and Usage Effective Protection during CPR Face shields are essential for protecting against contact with vomit, blood, or other substances during rescue breaths. Using Face Shields If you do not have a face shield or are uncomfortable giving rescue breaths, performing chest compressions alone is an alternative. Types of Face Shields Face shields come in two main types: Filter Paper: You blow through this type. One-Way Valve: Allows squeezing of the nose; both types are simple to use and prevent contact with substances. Portability and Accessibility Both types often include a pouch and keyring for easy access and are typically included in BSI first-aid kits. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another effective type of face shield: They seal around the face and use a one-way valve for ventilation. The mask is housed in a plastic case, easily removable by pushing to pop it up. An elastic strap secures the mask around the patient's head, ensuring a tight seal. Some models include a cap for oxygen delivery if available. Disposal Face shields are single-use items and should be disposed of safely after use to prevent contamination. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9637/Face_shields_and_children-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/chain-of-survival-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/94.mp4 Chain of Survival The Chain of Survival: Giving Cardiac Arrest Patients the Best Chance of Survival The Chain of Survival describes the essential steps that give a person in cardiac arrest the best possible chance of surviving and recovering with a good quality of life. Each link in the chain is vital, and every second counts. If any one link is weak or delayed, the chances of survival fall dramatically. When all links are strong, outcomes improve and more people return to their families and communities. Link 1: Early Recognition and Calling for Help The first link focuses on recognising serious illness early and calling for help before cardiac arrest occurs. Early warning signs may include: Sudden collapse Difficulty breathing Chest pain Rapid deterioration or reduced responsiveness If you suspect someone is becoming seriously unwell or unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately. Early activation of emergency medical services (EMS) ensures advanced care is on the way as soon as possible. In some cases, early intervention may even prevent cardiac arrest from happening. Link 2: Early CPR and Defibrillation This link is about preserving the brain and restarting the heart. If a person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, they are in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately High-quality chest compressions maintain blood flow to the brain and vital organs Defibrillation is the next critical step. Early use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically improves survival. Modern AEDs are safe, simple to use, and provide clear voice prompts. The sooner a shock is delivered, the greater the chance of restoring a normal heart rhythm. Link 3: Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care When the heart restarts, this is known as ROSC – Return of Spontaneous Circulation. At this point, care must continue immediately. This stage focuses on optimising brain and heart function and preventing further deterioration. Key priorities include: Maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation Stabilising blood pressure Treating ongoing or recurrent arrhythmias Identifying and correcting reversible causes This phase is critical for protecting the brain, supporting the heart, and reducing the risk of another cardiac arrest. Link 4: Survival and Recovery The final link focuses on restoring quality of life. Survival is not just about restarting the heart. It is about helping the person recover physically, mentally, and emotionally. This stage may involve: Specialist neurological care Rehabilitation and physiotherapy Management of long-term heart or medical conditions Emotional and psychological support Good post-resuscitation care helps patients regain independence and return to a meaningful life after cardiac arrest. Why the Chain of Survival Matters The Chain of Survival highlights that every link matters: Early Recognition and Calling for Help Early CPR and Defibrillation Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care Survival and Recovery When each link is strong, more lives are saved, and more people return to their families and communities with positive long-term outcomes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/141/Chain_of_Survival.jpg Yes 187 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/medical-id-tags-for-allergies https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4802.mp4 Medical ID tags for allergies Ensuring Patient Safety with Medical ID Tags Addressing a Crucial Issue Identifying Medical Conditions: Discovering a patient's existing medical conditions can be challenging. The Value of ID Tags: Medical ID tags play a vital role in providing essential information. General Medical ID Tags Multiple Options: Various types of general medical ID tags are available. Card-Based Tags: Some feature a card that can be inserted into a strap for wearing on the wrist. Rubber Band Style: Rubber band-style tags allow for writing medical information on the inside. Metal Varieties: Metal necklaces or bracelets serve as alternatives for general medical ID tags. Condition-Specific ID Tags Customized Tags: Condition-specific ID tags cater to individual medical requirements. Anaphylaxis Tags: Rubber band-style tags are suitable for adults and children, with space for noting allergies. Clip-On Style: Some tags feature a clip design for easy attachment and include essential medical data. Keyrings and Stickers: Keyrings and stickers offer additional identification options, particularly for allergies. Unique Identification for Specific Conditions Diabetes Tags: ID tags for diabetes patients include space for emergency contact details. Epilepsy Tags: Tags for epilepsy sufferers help in identifying their condition quickly. Medical ID tags, whether rubber, metal, or other types, serve as crucial tools in patient care. They provide essential information about a patient's medical conditions, aiding healthcare providers in delivering the right care, especially in emergency situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8551/Medical_ID_tags_for_allergies-01.jpg Yes 154 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/paediatric-fracture https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/241.mp4 Fractures Understanding Fractures and Dislocations Types of Bone Injuries Fractures Fractures are breaks in the bones: Closed fractures: Bone is broken without breaking the skin. Compound fractures: Bone punctures through the skin. Complicated fractures: Involves nerve damage alongside the bone break. Dislocations Dislocations occur when a joint comes out of its normal position: Definition: Joint separation due to trauma. Causes of Fractures Fractures can occur due to various reasons: Falling, being hit, joint pulling or twisting, crushing, or bending of a bone. Symptoms and Signs Recognising fractures by their symptoms: Pain, deformity, bruising, swelling, and immobility around the injured area. May observe limb shortening or difficulty in moving the affected part. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the fracture (e.g., skull vs. leg). Types of Fractures Distinguishing between different fracture types: Closed fractures: Skin remains intact with possible bone crack. Open fractures: Bone protrudes through the skin, causing additional complications like bleeding and distress. Stable fractures: Bone ends remain aligned without movement. Unstable fractures: Bone ends can shift, requiring careful handling to prevent tissue damage. Treatment and First Aid First aid measures for fractures: Immobilize the limb in the found position to prevent further damage. Seek professional medical assistance promptly. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/429/Fractures-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/spinal-injury-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/115.mp4 Spinal Injury Managing Suspected Spinal Injuries: A First-Aider's Guide The Critical Importance of Spinal Injury Care The spine houses the irreplaceable spinal cord responsible for transmitting messages from the brain to the body. Any damage to the spinal cord is irreversible and can lead to varying degrees of paralysis, depending on the injury's location: Lower Lumbar Damage: Can result in loss of leg function. Higher Damage: Can affect control of vital organs, like respiration. Golden Rule for Spinal Injury Management When dealing with a person potentially having a spinal injury, remember: DO NOT MOVE THEM. First-Aider Responsibilities When faced with a patient suspected of a spinal injury, as a first-aider, follow these crucial steps: Support and Stabilize: Ensure the patient's head and neck are supported, instruct them not to move, and keep looking straight ahead. Maintain Position: Keep the patient's body in the same position as found, treating every case as a potential spinal injury. Exceptions to the Rule There are a few scenarios where you might need to move the patient: Immediate Danger: If the patient is in an immediate life-threatening situation, such as a burning car, their safety takes precedence. Not Breathing (CPR Required): In cases requiring CPR, carefully move the patient onto their back while stabilizing the head. Risk of Choking (Vomiting): If the patient is vomiting and at risk of choking, use the log roll technique to move them onto their side for safe vomit drainage. Remember the "SPINAL" Mnemonic Recall these steps using the "SPINAL" mnemonic: Safety (S): Ensure safety for both you and the patient. Patient (P): Advise the patient not to move. Immobilise (I): Protect the patient's airway and maintain head stability. Neutral (N): Keep the head in a neutral position. Assess (A): Evaluate for other injuries, but only if it's safe to do so. Leave Alone (L): Avoid moving the patient unless absolutely necessary. Final Thoughts Always remember, as a first-aider, refrain from moving someone suspected of a spinal injury unless it's an absolute necessity. Maintain their position, provide head and neck support, ensure emergency services are on the way, offer reassurance, and keep the patient calm. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/183/Spinal_Injury-01.jpg Yes 177 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/heat-emergencies-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/179.mp4 Heat emergencies Understanding Body Temperature Regulation Introduction The human body is remarkably adept at maintaining and regulating its temperature, even in extreme heat and cold conditions. It employs a combination of conscious actions and automatic mechanisms to achieve this balance. 1. Conscious Temperature Control Humans have the ability to consciously control their body temperature. Some methods include: Adjusting clothing: Adding or removing layers to suit the temperature. Seeking shade: Moving out of direct sunlight to stay cooler. Swimming: A refreshing activity to cool down on hot days. Indoor heating: Using heaters to warm up in colder environments. These actions are deliberate choices we make based on our surroundings. 2. Automatic Temperature Regulation Additionally, our bodies have an automatic thermostat that helps maintain temperature by: Adjusting circulation: Redirecting blood flow to conserve or release heat. Managing heartbeat: Increasing or decreasing heart rate to regulate temperature. Environmental control: Sweating to cool down or shivering to warm up. These mechanisms work seamlessly to keep our body temperature within a healthy range. 3. Heat Exhaustion Problems can arise when the body's thermostat malfunctions, particularly in extreme temperatures. Heat exhaustion is a common issue in hot conditions and manifests with symptoms such as: High body temperature Excessive sweating Rapid breathing General distress To treat heat exhaustion: Move the patient to a cooler environment. Provide small sips of water. Keep them calm and comfortable. 4. Heatstroke Heatstroke is a far more serious condition that occurs when the body's thermostat fails due to extreme heat. Signs of heatstroke include: Absence of sweating Dry skin Elevated body temperature Altered consciousness Do not give fluids to a heatstroke patient, as their body has stopped sweating. Immediate action is crucial: Cool the person down with cold, wet towels or a hose. Continuously monitor their respiration and consciousness. 5. Preventing Heat-Related Issues Dehydration is a common factor in heat-related problems. To avoid these issues: Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water when exposed to higher temperatures. Consider using electrolyte powders or pre-made drinks to maintain hydration, especially during strenuous activities in the heat. Proper hydration is essential for the body to effectively regulate its temperature. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/309/Heat_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/cold-emergencies-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/180.mp4 Cold emergencies The Dangers of Cold: Understanding Hypothermia and Cold-Related Problems Hypothermia can have severe consequences for the body. Even a slight drop of just two degrees Celsius in body temperature can lead to hypothermia. It's crucial to identify and manage it correctly. Signs of Hypothermia Uncontrollable shivering Disorientation and confusion Possible unresponsiveness Slow and weak pulse (in severe cases) Treatment Avoid rapid reheating as it may lead to complications, even cardiac arrest. Ensure a gradual warming process. Hypothermia can occur indoors, especially among the elderly trying to save on heating costs. Dealing with Wet Clothing and Cold Exposure Wet clothing can draw heat from the body rapidly, up to 20-25 times faster than air. Steps to Follow: Get the person out of the water. Remove wet clothing. Gently pat dry (do not rub) with a dry towel. Warming the Person Even a slight increase in temperature will begin to warm the body. Monitor the patient carefully. Contact Emergency Services Call EMS and provide them with detailed information about the situation and the actions taken for a better assessment of recovery. Frostnip and Frostbite Frostnip Frostnip can cause the skin to freeze, resulting in redness, whiteness, and pain. Treatment for Frostnip Warm the affected areas by having the patient place their fingers under their arms. Frostbite Frostbite is a serious EMS medical emergency involving the freezing of body tissues, muscles, and vessels. Treatment for Frostbite Re-warm gently with water below 40 degrees Celsius. Never rub or massage frostbitten areas. Be prepared for significant pain during the re-warming process. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/311/Cold_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 122 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/nose-bleeds https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/832.mp4 Nose bleeds Dealing with Nosebleeds: Causes and Treatment 1. Common Occurrence Nosebleeds are a frequent occurrence in both children and adults. While they are typically easy to treat and often do not recur, they can be distressing for children and embarrassing for adults. Nosebleeds are usually caused by the close proximity of blood vessels to the skin in the nasal area, making them susceptible to damage from various factors. Possible Causes: Nosebleeds can result from factors such as inserting objects into the nose, stress, illness, physical impacts to the nose, or facial injuries. Caution: When addressing a nosebleed, exercise extreme care if you suspect a possible nasal fracture or external injuries. 2. First Aid for Nosebleeds Providing immediate care for someone experiencing a nosebleed is essential. Follow these steps: Sit Them Down: Have the individual sit down to avoid any accidents. Offer Comfort: If necessary, provide reassurance and help them stay calm. Forward Leaning Position: Instruct them to lean forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat, which can lead to vomiting or nausea. Pinch the Nose: Ask them to pinch the soft part of their nose. This action applies pressure and aids in stopping the bleeding. Provide a Bowl: Offer a bowl to allow them to spit out the blood rather than swallowing it. Offer Tissues: If needed, provide tissues for use during the treatment. Apply Pressure: Advise them to maintain pressure on the nose for at least 10 minutes. Check for Bleeding: After 10 minutes, gently remove their fingers to check if the bleeding has ceased. Repeat if Necessary: If bleeding persists, repeat the pressure application for another 10 minutes. Seek Medical Assistance: If the bleeding persists beyond 30 minutes, it is advisable to seek medical attention. 3. Preventive Measures Ensure the person understands the following preventive measures: Refrain from: Advising them to avoid actions like sniffing, coughing, blowing their nose, or talking, as these activities can trigger bleeding and hinder the healing process. Regular Nosebleeds: If nosebleeds occur frequently, they may indicate an underlying issue. In such cases, consulting a doctor is recommended. It's worth noting that children who experience regular nosebleeds often outgrow them without requiring medical treatment. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1449/Nose_bleeds-01.jpg Yes 107 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/what3words---location-app https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4780.mp4 What3Words - location app Using What3Words to Pinpoint Your Location for Emergency Services When calling emergency medical services, accurately describing your location can be difficult, especially in remote or unfamiliar areas. What3Words is an app that helps solve this problem by pinpointing your exact location using three unique words. How What3Words Works What3Words assigns three random words to a 3-meter by 3-meter square on the Earth's surface. By providing these words to emergency services, they can quickly and accurately find your location. Using the What3Words Website You can use the What3Words website (www.what3words.com) to find your current location or search for a specific address. The algorithm also includes error checking to ensure that slightly incorrect words still lead to the correct location. Using the What3Words App By downloading the What3Words app on your smartphone, you can easily find your current location and store saved locations for future reference. Who Uses What3Words? Around 80% of UK emergency services now use What3Words, along with roadside assistance services like the AA and various UK delivery companies. How to Find Your Location Using What3Words Visit www.what3words.com or open the app. Search for a postcode, or place, or allow the app to find your current location. Select the correct 3-meter square on the map to generate the three unique words for that location. Take note of the three words for future reference or to share with emergency services. What3Words is an innovative and effective way to pinpoint your exact location, no matter where you are in the world. Give it a try to ensure your safety during emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8507/What3Words_-_location_app.jpg Yes 119 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/embedded-objects-paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5054.mp4 Embedded Objects Treating Embedded Objects in the Body Understanding Embedded Objects An embedded object occurs when something penetrates the body, such as a knife or glass. Handling Small Objects If dealing with small objects like dirt or grit: Rinse the wound under tap water to remove them. Dealing with Embedded Objects For objects deeply embedded in the body: Do not attempt to remove them yourself. Leaving the object in place can help reduce further damage. Examples and Risks Objects like knives or glass present specific risks: If removed incorrectly, they can cause additional tissue damage and increased bleeding. Medical advice often recommends leaving such objects in until hospital treatment. First Aid Procedure When faced with an embedded object: Wear gloves and apply two dressings around the object to stabilize it. Secure the dressings with a bandage, ensuring not to cover the object directly. Check for bleeding and monitor the injury site. Consider elevating the injured limb if appropriate, avoiding pressure on the embedded object. Transport to Hospital Embedded objects require professional removal: Transport the person to emergency services promptly. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9015/Embedded_Objects-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/rcuk-erc-resus-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7112.mp4 RCUK and ERC Resus Guidelines Why the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC Guidelines Matter The Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) set the official, evidence-based standards for CPR and first aid across the UK and Europe. These are the guidelines that every trainer, training provider, workplace, and first aider is expected to follow. All of our CPR and first aid courses are built around these trusted and regularly updated recommendations. What Is the Resuscitation Council UK? The Resuscitation Council UK is the nation’s leading authority on resuscitation science. It develops evidence-based guidelines covering: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Paediatric resuscitation (infants, children, adolescents) CPR guidance for both healthcare professionals and lay responders The RCUK ensures that the UK follows safe, consistent, clinically proven methods in all resuscitation training and emergency response. What Is the European Resuscitation Council? The ERC sets the Europe-wide standards for CPR and emergency care. It works closely with national bodies, including the Resuscitation Council UK, and contributes to global research through the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This collaboration ensures that CPR and first aid practices are aligned with the latest international scientific evidence. Why These Guidelines Are Important for You CPR and first aid guidance evolves as new evidence, clinical studies, and real-world data become available. These guidelines affect: What instructors teach during CPR and first aid courses How course content is structured The techniques you will learn and need to use during an emergency The recommended sequence of actions when someone collapses or stops breathing In short, the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC shape exactly how CPR and first aid should be performed to give someone the best chance of survival. Guidelines Backed by Extensive Research Each update is based on thousands of scientific papers, clinical reviews, expert analysis, and real-life experience. This means that when the RCUK and ERC release new recommendations, they represent the most effective and up-to-date approach to saving lives. The Latest Guidelines We Teach All of our courses follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines, released in late 2025 and scheduled for review in 2030. If you have trained with us before, you will notice some important changes—these updates are designed to: Increase survival rates in cardiac arrest Improve outcomes in first aid emergencies Ensure every rescuer uses the most effective, evidence-based methods What This Means for Learners Whether you are refreshing your skills or learning for the first time, these updated guidelines ensure you are trained to the highest and most current standards. In a real emergency, this knowledge can make the difference between life and death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12838/RCUK___ERC_Resus_Guidelines.jpg Yes 101 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/adolescent-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7110.mp4 Adolescent CPR How to Perform CPR on an Adolescent (13–18 Years) In this training film, we will cover how to perform CPR on an adolescent aged between 13 and 18 years. Although cardiac arrest in young people is less common than in adults, it can still occur due to breathing problems, traumatic injury, or sudden collapse. Delivering high-quality CPR is essential and can significantly improve their chance of survival. Initial Safety Checks Ensure the area is safe for both you and the adolescent before approaching. Gently shake their shoulder or tap it and call loudly: “Are you OK?” Calling for Help If they do not respond: Shout for help immediately. If you are alone, call 999 straight away, place the phone on speaker, and begin CPR without delay. The emergency call handler will guide you through the process. If someone else is available, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker if possible, and fetch an AED while you start CPR. Assessing Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre. Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If the adolescent is not breathing or their breathing is abnormal (gasping or irregular), start CPR immediately. Rescue Breaths Matter In adolescents, cardiac arrest often relates to breathing difficulties or trauma, which means rescue breaths are especially important. Give 5 Initial Rescue Breaths Seal your mouth over theirs. Pinch the nose closed. Blow gently for one second per breath and watch for the chest rising. Chest Compressions Deliver 15 chest compressions immediately after the initial breaths. Place your hands in the centre of the chest, on the upper half of the sternum between the nipples. Push down to a depth of 5-6cm. Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Aim to minimise any interruptions. Continue the CPR Cycle After the initial breaths and compressions, continue CPR following this pattern: 15 compressions 2 rescue breaths Repeat this cycle until help arrives or the adolescent begins to show signs of recovery. Using an AED on an Adolescent If an AED is available, switch it on immediately, even if you are partway through a CPR cycle. Continue CPR while attaching the pads. Follow the AED’s voice prompts. Use adult pads if paediatric pads are not available. Pad placement for adolescents is the same as for adults. When to Stop CPR Continue CPR until one of the following occurs: The adolescent starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as moving, speaking, or opening their eyes. The emergency services arrive and take over. You become physically unable to continue—if so, try to pass CPR on to someone else. High-quality CPR can make a critical difference in an adolescent’s chance of survival. Acting quickly and confidently is key. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12844/Adolescent_CPR.jpg Yes 168 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/child-aed-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/236.mp4 Child AED Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Use (Ages 1–12) If you find a child aged between 1 and 12 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, you must act quickly. Early CPR and rapid defibrillation give the child the best possible chance of survival. Because this age group covers a wide range of sizes and weights, CPR techniques are adapted to suit the child in front of you. Calling for Help If the child is unresponsive: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether the child is breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Immediately In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by breathing problems. For this reason: Start with five rescue breaths. Then begin chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to around one-third of its depth. Allow full chest recoil after each compression. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Do not pause CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on a Child Use the AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Pad Placement Ensure the child’s chest is bare and dry. Children under approximately 25 kg (usually under 8 years) Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back placement ensures the electrical shock passes through the heart. Children over approximately 25 kg Place one pad on the centre of the chest. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the child. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The child shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on children. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a child’s life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/419/Child_AED.jpg Yes 177 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/update-on-aed-pad-placement https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7111.mp4 Update on AED pad placement 2025 UK Resuscitation and ERC Guidelines on AED Pad Placement The latest 2025 Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC) updates have introduced important changes to the recommended placement of AED pads for adults, children, and infants. These updates are based on new evidence intended to improve the effectiveness of defibrillation and increase survival rates. Why AED Pad Placement Has Changed For many years, AED pads have included diagrams showing where to place them on the chest. However, with the release of the new guidelines, these diagrams may now be out of date. This is because AED pad manufacturers still hold large quantities of older stock, and it could take up to five years for all pads in circulation to reflect the updated placements. Until then, the diagram on the pad may not match the new recommended positions. For the best chance of a successful shock, you should follow the latest RCUK and ERC guidance, even if the printed diagram suggests something different. Updated AED Pad Placement for Adults For adults, the new recommended placement is: Left-side pad: Position this pad under the left armpit. This placement improves the pathway of the electrical shock across the heart. Right-side pad: This pad remains in the traditional position on the upper right chest. Important note for female casualties: avoid placing the right-side pad over breast tissue; adjust slightly if needed to maintain full contact with the skin. Updated AED Pad Placement for Children (Under 25 kg or Approx. Under 8 Years) For smaller children, the recommended placement has also changed: Front pad: Place it on the chest but slightly offset to the child’s left side, rather than directly centred. Back pad: The rear pad position remains the same as before. For older children and adolescents, AED placement remains the same as adult positioning (front and back, standard locations). New Guidance for Infants One of the most notable updates is the introduction of clear guidance on AED use for infants. Many rescuers may not have been taught this previously, but AEDs can and should be used on infants in cardiac arrest. The new recommended placement is: Back pad: Place one pad in the centre of the infant’s back. Front pad: Position the second pad on the chest, slightly offset to the infant’s left side. This placement ensures an effective shock pathway while accommodating the much smaller chest size of an infant. Key Takeaway Always follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines rather than relying solely on the diagrams printed on AED pads. These changes are designed to improve defibrillation effectiveness and provide the best possible outcome for the casualty. Whether you are treating an adult, a child, or an infant, knowing the correct AED pad placement can be life-saving. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12842/Update_on_AED_pad_placement.jpg Yes 83 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/using-an-aed-on-an-infant https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7080.mp4 Using an AED on an infant Using an AED on an Infant: UK Resuscitation Council 2025 Guidance Although infants very rarely experience a shockable heart rhythm, the use of an AED can still be lifesaving when cardiac arrest occurs. High-quality CPR remains the foundation of care. However, if an AED is available, it should be used without delay. Current guidance confirms that AEDs are safe to use on infants and should not be withheld when they are needed. Key Steps for Using an AED on an Infant Call for help immediately.As soon as you know the infant is not breathing, call 999. Ask a bystander to fetch an AED if one is available. Start CPR straight away.Begin CPR immediately. Do not delay compressions and rescue breaths while waiting for an AED. Continue CPR while preparing the AED.When the AED arrives, switch it on while CPR continues. Minimise any pauses while the pads are prepared and applied. Apply the AED pads. If paediatric pads are available, use them. If paediatric pads are not available, use adult pads. Do not delay defibrillation to wait for paediatric pads. Correct pad placement. Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the second pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back positioning ensures the heart sits between the pads. Follow the AED prompts.Allow the AED to analyse the heart rhythm. Make sure no one is touching the infant during analysis or shock delivery. Resume CPR immediately.If a shock is delivered, restart CPR straight away and continue for two minutes before the AED re-analyses. Continue until emergency services arrive or the infant shows signs of life. Why Speed Matters When an infant suffers cardiac arrest, every second counts. Early CPR, rapid AED use, and following the device prompts give the infant the best possible chance of survival. Important 2025 Guideline Updates AED use in infants is now explicitly included in the 2025 UK Resuscitation Council guidelines. Pad positioning has changed slightly. Some AED pad diagrams may still show a central chest position. For infants, the front pad should be placed slightly to the left side of the chest. Some AEDs may not mention infant use, but they are safe to use on infants when cardiac arrest is suspected. Key Message Start CPR quickly. Use the AED without hesitation. Follow the prompts. Prompt, confident action can make a lifesaving difference for an infant in cardiac arrest. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12826/Using_an_AED_on_an_infant.jpg Yes 142 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/aed-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/107.mp4 AED Introduction Understanding Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) 1. What is an AED? An AED, or automatic external defibrillator, explained. There is a common misconception that AEDs restart the heart, but their role is to interrupt abnormal heart activity. 2. AEDs and Heart Function Understanding how AEDs work to restore a normal heart rhythm. Electric activity in the heart can lead to abnormal twitching rather than a meaningful pulse. An AED delivers a shock to interrupt this electric activity, allowing the heart's natural pacemakers to restart it in a normal rhythm. AEDs advise a shock only when detecting specific shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). 3. Types of AED Units Exploring different AED models and their operation. Semi-automatic AEDs require manual activation of the shock button when advised. Automatic AEDs initiate shocks automatically when necessary. 4. Future AED Videos Stay tuned for upcoming videos that delve into AEDs in greater detail and provide guidance on their usage. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/167/AED_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/three-steps-to-save-a-life https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7078.mp4 Three Steps to Save a Life (2025) The Three Steps to Save a Life: A Simple Emergency Guide The Three Steps to Save a Life approach is an easy, effective method that anyone can use during an emergency. At the heart of the Resuscitation Council UK guidelines, this process shows that you do not need medical training to make a lifesaving difference. Step 1 – Check Check for Safety Before you approach the casualty, ensure the area is safe. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Other environmental dangers Check Responsiveness Once it’s safe, assess whether the person can respond: Gently tap their shoulders Ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If they do not respond and appear unresponsive, move immediately to Step 2. Step 2 – Call Call 999 (or 112 in Europe) without delay. Put your phone on speaker to keep your hands free. The emergency operator will guide you step-by-step. Check Breathing With Guidance The dispatcher will help you assess for normal breathing. Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally or is only gasping, tell the operator immediately. They will talk you through starting CPR. Step 3 – CPR and AED Start CPR Immediately If breathing is absent or abnormal: Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest Put your other hand on top Begin compressions at 100–120 per minute Press down about 5 cm each time Allow the chest to fully rise between compressions Use an AED if Available If an AED is nearby: Turn it on immediately Follow the voice prompts The device will tell you when to pause, stand clear, or resume compressions The emergency dispatcher will stay on the line and support you until professional help arrives. Why These Three Steps Matter Remember: Check • Call • Start CPR with an AED. These quick, simple actions can double or even triple a person’s chance of survival. You don’t need to be a doctor — just willing to act. Your hands, your phone, and your courage truly can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12822/Three_Steps_to_Save_a_Life_2.jpg Yes 149 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/nannies/video/using-an-aed-on-an-adolescent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7116.mp4 Using an AED on an adolescent CPR and AED Use for an Unresponsive Adolescent (Ages 13–18) If you find an adolescent aged 13 to 18 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, the resuscitation approach is slightly different from that used for adults. Acting quickly and confidently can make a life-saving difference. What to Do First If the adolescent is unresponsive and not breathing normally: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether they are breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speaker so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Straight Away In adolescents, cardiac arrest is often linked to breathing problems. For this reason: Begin with five rescue breaths. Then start chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to a depth of 5–6 cm. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. Do not stop CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on an Adolescent Use an AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy for smaller bodies. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Correct Pad Placement Ensure the chest is bare and dry. Place one pad on the top right side of the chest. Place the other pad under the left armpit. This is the same pad placement used for adults. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the adolescent. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The adolescent shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on adolescents. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival rates. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12894/Using_an_AED_on_an_adolescent.jpg Yes 143 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/drowning-prevention https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5881.mp4 Drowning prevention Drowning Prevention: Strategies and Impact Drowning Statistics and Risk Factors One of the leading causes of death globally for children and young people aged 1 to 24 years is drowning. Global Impact: The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates around 236,000 drowning deaths annually. High-Risk Groups: More than 90% of drowning deaths occur in low and middle-income countries, with children under five at highest risk. Common Scenarios: Deaths often linked to routine activities like bathing, water collection, and water transportation (e.g., boats, ferries). Impact of Weather: Seasonal and extreme weather events, such as monsoons, contribute significantly to drowning incidents. Preventative Measures Many drowning deaths are preventable through evidence-based, low-cost solutions: Installing barriers to control access to water. Providing safe areas away from water, like creches with capable child care. Teaching swimming, water safety, and rescue skills. Training bystanders in safe rescue and resuscitation techniques. Enforcing safe boating, shipping, and ferry regulations. Improving flood risk management strategies. World Drowning Prevention Day and Continuous Action While World Drowning Prevention Day is observed on July 20th, efforts to save lives continue year-round: Individual Actions: Share drowning prevention advice, take swimming lessons, and support local water safety initiatives. Group Initiatives: Host public events, launch water safety campaigns, and back new drowning prevention projects. Government Commitments: Implement prevention policies, hold discussions, and fund large-scale prevention programs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/10494/1.jpeg Yes 126 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/excessive-blood-loss https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1956.mp4 Excessive Blood Loss Recognizing and Treating Blood Loss: First Aid Guide Understanding Blood Loss Hidden Threat: Excessive blood loss doesn't always involve visible skin injuries; it can occur internally with fractures or organ damage. Impact of Fractures: Even when the skin remains intact, a broken thigh bone can lead to blood loss of up to one litre; if there's an external bleed, this can escalate to one to two litres. Pelvic Fractures: Pelvic fractures can range from minor blood loss to severe cases where a person can lose all their blood, as the main femoral artery passes over the pelvis. Organ Injuries: Injuries to organs such as the spleen, liver, or chest can result in varying levels of blood loss, from minimal to total. Recognizing Blood Loss Challenging Recognition: Identifying severe blood loss can be difficult. It's wise to assume the worst and treat accordingly due to the challenges of assessing both external and internal bleeding. Factors Affecting Recognition: Various factors like age, size, weight, medical conditions, fitness, and medications can influence how signs and symptoms manifest, potentially masking them until the situation becomes critical. Assessment and Response Collect Information: Gather details about the incident history and assess the injury mechanism. Watch for Signs: Keep an eye out for these signs: Pale, Cold, Sweaty Skin Rapid Breathing (Over 20 breaths per minute) Thirst Rapid Pulse (Over 100 beats per minute) Altered Mental State Anxiety, Confusion, Drowsiness, Restlessness Unconsciousness Emergency Treatment Immediate Actions: Activate Emergency Services: Call for professional help. Treat External Bleeding: Address any visible external bleeding. Identify Internal Bleeding: Attempt to determine if there is internal bleeding. Position and Monitor: Lay Down: Place the individual on their back. Raise Legs (If Possible): Elevate their legs if feasible. Keep Warm: Ensure they stay warm. Monitor Consciousness and Vital Signs: Continuously assess their consciousness and vital signs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3535/Excessive_Blood_Loss-01.jpg Yes 129 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/febrile-convulsions-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/177.mp4 Febrile convulsions Febrile Convulsions in Children Overview Febrile convulsions are seizures that can occur in children with high temperatures. They are typically seen in children between 6 months and 6 years old. Causes Febrile Illnesses: Febrile convulsions often accompany illnesses causing high temperatures, such as flu or ear infections. Vaccinations: Convulsions may occur 8 - 14 days after certain vaccinations, though they are more commonly associated with the measles virus itself. Symptoms Appearance: Hot and flushed skin, dazed or confused, may lose consciousness. Muscle Symptoms: Muscle tightening, twitching, shaking, arching of the back, clenched fists. Other Symptoms: May stop breathing briefly, loss of bladder or bowel control, sweating. Patient Care Safety Measures: Place the child on a flat surface, clear the area around them, and pad with towels to prevent injury. Loosen Clothing: Ensure clothing is loose, especially around the neck. Do Not Restrict: Do not restrain the child's movements. Protect Airways: Do not insert anything into the mouth; clear vomit or food from the vicinity. Cooling: Cool the room, loosen clothing, but do not sponge or bathe the child. Recovery Position: Place the child in the recovery position. Medication: Administer paracetamol as directed to lower temperature; avoid ibuprofen for children under six months. Monitor Vital Signs: Keep track of the child's vital signs and report any concerns to a doctor. Emergency Action Activate emergency medical services (EMS) if: The child's condition does not improve after the convulsion. The seizure is focused on one part of the body. Breathing difficulties occur or the seizure lasts more than 15 minutes. Another seizure follows shortly after the first. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/305/Febrile_convulsions-01.jpg Yes 295 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/meningitis-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/244.mp4 Meningitis Meningitis: Understanding the Causes and Symptoms Overview Meningitis is an infection characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by viruses or bacteria and requires prompt medical attention due to its potentially life-threatening nature. Types of Meningitis Viral Meningitis: More common and less severe, transmitted through respiratory secretions. Symptoms include headache, fever, and drowsiness. Bacterial Meningitis: Caused by bacteria found in the nose and throat, can lead to blood poisoning (septicaemia) and requires immediate antibiotic treatment. Symptoms Symptoms vary by age group: Children and Adults: High fever, loss of appetite, stiff neck, joint pain, seizures, disorientation. Infants and Toddlers: High fever, neck retraction, arching back, lethargy, convulsions, difficulty waking up, tense fontanelle. Glass Test The rash associated with meningitis may not be the first sign and does not appear in all cases. To perform the glass test: Press a clear glass firmly against the skin. If spots do not fade when the glass is rolled over, it may indicate meningitis. Seek medical assistance immediately if in doubt, regardless of the presence of a rash. Emergency Response If meningitis is suspected: Ensure the child is comfortable and cool. Call emergency services, describing symptoms and suspicion of meningitis. Monitor and record vital signs. Conclusion Meningitis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Understanding its symptoms, including the potential presence of a rash, can help in timely diagnosis and treatment. For more information, visit the Meningitis Now website. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/435/Meningitis-01.jpg Yes 310 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/paediatric-fracture https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/241.mp4 Fractures Understanding Fractures and Dislocations Types of Bone Injuries Fractures Fractures are breaks in the bones: Closed fractures: Bone is broken without breaking the skin. Compound fractures: Bone punctures through the skin. Complicated fractures: Involves nerve damage alongside the bone break. Dislocations Dislocations occur when a joint comes out of its normal position: Definition: Joint separation due to trauma. Causes of Fractures Fractures can occur due to various reasons: Falling, being hit, joint pulling or twisting, crushing, or bending of a bone. Symptoms and Signs Recognising fractures by their symptoms: Pain, deformity, bruising, swelling, and immobility around the injured area. May observe limb shortening or difficulty in moving the affected part. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the fracture (e.g., skull vs. leg). Types of Fractures Distinguishing between different fracture types: Closed fractures: Skin remains intact with possible bone crack. Open fractures: Bone protrudes through the skin, causing additional complications like bleeding and distress. Stable fractures: Bone ends remain aligned without movement. Unstable fractures: Bone ends can shift, requiring careful handling to prevent tissue damage. Treatment and First Aid First aid measures for fractures: Immobilize the limb in the found position to prevent further damage. Seek professional medical assistance promptly. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/429/Fractures-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/reporting-and-consent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1506.mp4 Paediatric reporting and consent Reporting Accidents and Injuries in Childcare Settings Responsibilities and Procedures When caring for children, it's crucial to report accidents or injuries, including signs of abuse, even if they didn't occur in the childcare setting. Providing Clear Information Ensure information provided is clear, concise, and based solely on facts, setting aside personal opinions. Reporting Entities You may need to report incidents to multiple authorities: Ofsted: Focuses on child well-being within the setting. Health and Safety Executive (HSE): Responsible for workplace accident investigations. Local Authority: Monitors and approves childcare settings, providing guidance on reporting procedures. Involvement of Other Agencies Social workers, child protection offices, and possibly the police may be involved in cases, requiring information and potential witness statements. Parental Communication Parents or guardians may seek information or express concerns regarding incidents involving their children. Data Protection Considerations Before sharing any information, ensure compliance with the Data Protection Act to avoid breaching confidentiality. Only share necessary information with authorized individuals and organizations involved in the investigation. If unsure, seek advice to ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2771/Paediatric_reporting_and_consent-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/fears-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/97.mp4 Fears of First Aid Addressing Common Fears in First Aid Training People attending first aid training often express initial reluctance due to various fears and concerns. Addressing these fears and demonstrating how they can be easily managed makes the training more enjoyable and understandable. Fear of Infection Some participants worry about coming into contact with blood, vomit, or other bodily fluids. First aid training teaches the effective use of barriers such as gloves and face shields to protect first aiders from infections like HIV or Hepatitis. Fear of Doing Harm The fear of doing something wrong or hurting the patient is common, especially when delivering chest compressions during CPR. It is important to remember that a non-breathing patient with no heartbeat is already in a critical state, and CPR can only help. The most harm would come from not performing chest compressions at all. Your training will help you respond appropriately to various situations. Fear of Litigation Concerns about potential litigation can be addressed through proper training. If you always ask for permission to help, follow the rules and workplace policies, and act within the boundaries of your training, the likelihood of being sued is low. Fear for Personal Safety First aiders should prioritize their own safety to avoid becoming patients themselves. Training emphasises the importance of always stopping, thinking, and then acting before approaching any emergency situation. This includes using scene safety measures to ensure your well-being. By addressing these fears in first aid training, participants can gain confidence and be better prepared to handle emergencies effectively and safely. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/147/Fears_of_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/types-of-bleeding-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/112.mp4 Types of Bleed Managing Different Types of Bleeding 1. Capillary Bleeding Capillary bleeding occurs in superficial abrasion wounds and usually stops in a few minutes. If needed, bandage the wound, avoiding adhesive contact with the abrasion. 2. Venous Bleeding Venous bleeding, while not as severe as arterial bleeding, involves steady oozing of dark red blood. Follow these steps: Apply direct pressure with a bandage or gloved hand. Do not lift the bandage to check for clotting; lift your hand to inspect for blood seepage. If necessary, have the patient hold the dressing in place. Use roller gauze to secure the bandage, starting at the distal end (away from the heart). If bleeding persists, activate EMS. 3. Arterial Bleeding Arterial bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that may pulsate or spurt. Follow these steps: Apply direct pressure with a dressing. If blood seeps through, remove and dispose of the old dressing, and add a new dressing over the injury. If significant bleeding continues, consider removing all dressings and reapplying. Use your judgment to determine if additional pressure is needed. If there are no bone fractures or spinal cord injuries, elevate the wound above the heart. Secure the dressing with roller gauze, starting at the distal end and working towards the heart. You can twist the gauze for added pressure. Check for any blood seepage and ensure the bandage is not causing a tourniquet effect. Elevate the wound, and either call EMS or transport the patient to the nearest hospital. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/177/Types_of_Bleed-01.jpg Yes 125 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/differences-in-child-size-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/167.mp4 Differences in Child Size https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/287/Differences_in_Child_Size-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/other-injuries-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/292.mp4 Other Types of Injury Types of Injuries and First Aid Procedures 1. Contusion A contusion, often referred to as a bruise or the result of a blunt blow, can vary in appearance due to individual differences. For instance, the elderly or young individuals may bruise more easily. First Aid: Applying a cold compress can help alleviate pain, reduce blood flow, and minimize swelling. 2. Abrasion An abrasion is characterized by a scrape to the skin, usually considered a minor injury. In many cases, rinsing the affected area with clean water or a saline solution may suffice. First Aid: Since it typically involves small capillary cuts and minimal skin removal, covering the area may not be necessary, as bleeding often stops quickly. 3. Laceration Lacerations are rough tears in the skin, often occurring in scenarios like catching one's hand on barbed wire. They can be serious and require treatment similar to that for serious bleeding. 4. Incision An incision refers to a clean cut, which can be caused by, for example, a knife. Depending on the location and depth of the cut, incisions can be serious and even life-threatening. 5. Puncture Puncture wounds involve objects piercing directly into the skin, such as stab wounds. These can also be serious, and treatment should follow the guidelines for serious bleeding. If the object remains in the body, leave it in place and bandage around it. 6. Velocity Velocity injuries occur when an object passes through the body, as in gunshot wounds. This type of injury is severe and is treated as a case of serious bleeding. The extent of damage may not be immediately apparent, so prompt medical assistance is crucial. 7. Amputation Amputation involves the removal of a body part, whether it's a finger, wrist, or leg. The severity of this condition varies depending on the affected body part. First aid includes keeping the patient calm, addressing shock, and treating for serious bleeding. Notify emergency medical services (EMS) and handle the severed body part by wrapping it in cling film or a plastic bag, followed by gauze or soft fabric. Place it in a container of ice, ensuring direct contact with ice is avoided. Label the container with the accident time and provide it to the EMS team. 8. De-gloving De-gloving occurs when all the skin is removed from a body part, such as when a ring becomes entangled in machinery. This can be a distressing and severe injury. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/531/Other_Types_of_Injury-01.jpg Yes 165 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/spinal-injury-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/115.mp4 Spinal Injury Managing Suspected Spinal Injuries: A First-Aider's Guide The Critical Importance of Spinal Injury Care The spine houses the irreplaceable spinal cord responsible for transmitting messages from the brain to the body. Any damage to the spinal cord is irreversible and can lead to varying degrees of paralysis, depending on the injury's location: Lower Lumbar Damage: Can result in loss of leg function. Higher Damage: Can affect control of vital organs, like respiration. Golden Rule for Spinal Injury Management When dealing with a person potentially having a spinal injury, remember: DO NOT MOVE THEM. First-Aider Responsibilities When faced with a patient suspected of a spinal injury, as a first-aider, follow these crucial steps: Support and Stabilize: Ensure the patient's head and neck are supported, instruct them not to move, and keep looking straight ahead. Maintain Position: Keep the patient's body in the same position as found, treating every case as a potential spinal injury. Exceptions to the Rule There are a few scenarios where you might need to move the patient: Immediate Danger: If the patient is in an immediate life-threatening situation, such as a burning car, their safety takes precedence. Not Breathing (CPR Required): In cases requiring CPR, carefully move the patient onto their back while stabilizing the head. Risk of Choking (Vomiting): If the patient is vomiting and at risk of choking, use the log roll technique to move them onto their side for safe vomit drainage. Remember the "SPINAL" Mnemonic Recall these steps using the "SPINAL" mnemonic: Safety (S): Ensure safety for both you and the patient. Patient (P): Advise the patient not to move. Immobilise (I): Protect the patient's airway and maintain head stability. Neutral (N): Keep the head in a neutral position. Assess (A): Evaluate for other injuries, but only if it's safe to do so. Leave Alone (L): Avoid moving the patient unless absolutely necessary. Final Thoughts Always remember, as a first-aider, refrain from moving someone suspected of a spinal injury unless it's an absolute necessity. Maintain their position, provide head and neck support, ensure emergency services are on the way, offer reassurance, and keep the patient calm. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/183/Spinal_Injury-01.jpg Yes 177 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/chain-of-survival-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/94.mp4 Chain of Survival The Chain of Survival: Giving Cardiac Arrest Patients the Best Chance of Survival The Chain of Survival describes the essential steps that give a person in cardiac arrest the best possible chance of surviving and recovering with a good quality of life. Each link in the chain is vital, and every second counts. If any one link is weak or delayed, the chances of survival fall dramatically. When all links are strong, outcomes improve and more people return to their families and communities. Link 1: Early Recognition and Calling for Help The first link focuses on recognising serious illness early and calling for help before cardiac arrest occurs. Early warning signs may include: Sudden collapse Difficulty breathing Chest pain Rapid deterioration or reduced responsiveness If you suspect someone is becoming seriously unwell or unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately. Early activation of emergency medical services (EMS) ensures advanced care is on the way as soon as possible. In some cases, early intervention may even prevent cardiac arrest from happening. Link 2: Early CPR and Defibrillation This link is about preserving the brain and restarting the heart. If a person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, they are in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately High-quality chest compressions maintain blood flow to the brain and vital organs Defibrillation is the next critical step. Early use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically improves survival. Modern AEDs are safe, simple to use, and provide clear voice prompts. The sooner a shock is delivered, the greater the chance of restoring a normal heart rhythm. Link 3: Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care When the heart restarts, this is known as ROSC – Return of Spontaneous Circulation. At this point, care must continue immediately. This stage focuses on optimising brain and heart function and preventing further deterioration. Key priorities include: Maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation Stabilising blood pressure Treating ongoing or recurrent arrhythmias Identifying and correcting reversible causes This phase is critical for protecting the brain, supporting the heart, and reducing the risk of another cardiac arrest. Link 4: Survival and Recovery The final link focuses on restoring quality of life. Survival is not just about restarting the heart. It is about helping the person recover physically, mentally, and emotionally. This stage may involve: Specialist neurological care Rehabilitation and physiotherapy Management of long-term heart or medical conditions Emotional and psychological support Good post-resuscitation care helps patients regain independence and return to a meaningful life after cardiac arrest. Why the Chain of Survival Matters The Chain of Survival highlights that every link matters: Early Recognition and Calling for Help Early CPR and Defibrillation Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care Survival and Recovery When each link is strong, more lives are saved, and more people return to their families and communities with positive long-term outcomes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/141/Chain_of_Survival.jpg Yes 187 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/abcds-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/95.mp4 DRcABCDE approach The DRcABCDE Approach: A Structured Method for Emergency Patient Assessment The DRcABCDE approach is a clear, structured method used to assess, prioritise, and treat any patient in an emergency situation. It ensures that the most immediately life-threatening problems are identified and managed first. Current guidelines continue to emphasise that DRcABCDE must be used on every unwell or injured patient, from minor illness to major trauma. What Does DRcABCDE Stand For? The sequence is designed around what will kill the casualty first if not treated: Danger Response Catastrophic Bleeding Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure D – Danger Before approaching the casualty, stop and check for danger. Ensure your safety, the casualty’s safety, and the safety of others Look for hazards such as traffic, electricity, fire, violence, sharp objects, or unstable structures If the scene is unsafe, do not enter. You cannot help if you become the next casualty. R – Response Check whether the casualty is responsive: Speak clearly: “Can you hear me? Are you alright?” If there is no response, apply a gentle shoulder tap This helps assess their level of consciousness and whether urgent help is needed. If the casualty is unresponsive or responding poorly, call emergency services immediately and put your phone on speaker. c – Catastrophic Bleeding Catastrophic bleeding is managed before the airway. If you identify severe, life-threatening bleeding, control it immediately. There is no benefit in CPR if blood is rapidly leaving the body. Apply direct pressure Use a haemostatic dressing if available Apply a tourniquet when appropriate Uncontrolled blood loss can be fatal within minutes, making this an absolute priority. A – Airway Once catastrophic bleeding is controlled, open and check the airway. Use a head tilt and chin lift if no spinal injury is suspected Use a jaw thrust if spinal trauma is suspected Remove visible obstructions only — never perform blind finger sweeps A clear airway is essential. Without it, breathing cannot occur and oxygen cannot reach the brain. B – Breathing Assess breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for up to 10 seconds. If not breathing normally or only gasping, start CPR immediately and send for an AED If breathing is present, assess the rate, depth, and effort Look for: Chest rise and symmetry Wheezing or abnormal sounds Signs of respiratory distress or chest injury C – Circulation Check circulation and look for signs of shock. Pale, cold, or clammy skin Rapid pulse Ongoing bleeding Reduced level of consciousness In cardiac arrest, do not waste time checking for a pulse. In breathing casualties, a quick pulse check can help assess circulation. Treat shock early: Lay the casualty flat Keep them warm Treat the underlying cause D – Disability This stage assesses neurological status. Use the AVPU scale: A – Alert V – Responds to Voice P – Responds to Pain U – Unresponsive Also check for: Pupil changes Confusion or agitation Seizures Signs of head injury Consider low blood glucose as a reversible cause where appropriate. E – Exposure Fully expose the casualty to identify any hidden injuries, while maintaining dignity. Look for wounds, burns, swelling, rashes, or bleeding Check for medical alert jewellery or tags Prevent heat loss and monitor for hypothermia. Cover the casualty again as soon as possible. Why the DRcABCDE Approach Works The DRcABCDE approach is effective because it is simple, structured, and prioritises immediate threats to life. This assessment must be repeated continuously. As the casualty’s condition changes, your actions must adapt. Using DRcABCDE helps you stay calm, organised, and focused, giving every casualty the best possible chance of survival and recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/143/DRcABCDE.jpg Yes 276 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/bites-and-stings https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1618.mp4 Bites and stings Bites and Stings First Aid: Handling Animal Bites and Insect Stings Bites vs. Stings: Knowing the Difference Understanding the distinctions between animal bites and insect stings and when exceptions may apply. Dealing with Bites Addressing various injuries commonly associated with bites: Bleeding and Skin Damage: Assess and manage bleeding, incisions, and skin tears. Secondary Injuries: Be aware of potential bruising, soft tissue damage, and even broken bones. Ensuring Safety Steps to take to secure the scene when dealing with bite incidents: Scene Assessment: Prioritize safety, especially in cases involving aggressive animals like dogs. Providing First Aid for Bites Immediate actions to take for bite injuries: Wound Cleaning: Use saline solution or clean water to clean the wound. Bleeding Control: Apply a pressure bandage to manage bleeding. Dressing Application: Dress the wound appropriately and arrange for necessary medical assistance. Managing Stings Understanding the unique nature of insect stings and appropriate responses: Toxin Injection: Recognize that insect stings introduce toxins into the skin. Bee Stings Specifics of dealing with bee stings and minimizing further harm: Sting Removal: Safely remove the bee sting by scraping it with a credit card from the base, avoiding additional poison injection. Treatment for Insect Bites Common methods for addressing wasp, mosquito, and other insect bites, usually self-resolving: Topical Creams: Consider using creams or ointments, but these bites often heal naturally. Allergic Reactions Recognizing potential allergies to bee or wasp stings and taking appropriate action: Anaphylactic Response: Be vigilant for signs like difficulty breathing or feeling unwell, especially in individuals with known allergies. Contact Emergency Services: If necessary, seek immediate medical assistance. Remember: Throat swelling following a hand sting may indicate an anaphylactic reaction. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2867/Bites_and_stings-01.jpg Yes 143 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/paediatric-accident-reporting-and-record-keeping https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1278.mp4 Paediatric Accident Reporting and Record Keeping Accident Reporting Requirements for Childcare Providers Legal Requirements and Notification Procedures Childcare providers registered with the Early Years and Childcare Register must adhere to specific reporting guidelines set out by law. Legal Framework Childcare Regulations: The Childcare (General Childcare Register) Regulations 2008 Statutory Framework: The Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage Welfare Requirements: The Early Years Foundation Stage (Welfare Requirements) Regulations 2007 Reporting Obligations You must report any serious accidents, injuries, or deaths that occur in your childcare provision promptly and appropriately. Immediate Reporting: Report serious incidents as soon as reasonably possible. Timeframe: Within 14 days for other incidents not requiring immediate notification. The quickest way to notify Ofsted is by phone, providing essential details such as incident time, location, and individuals involved. Types of Incidents to Report Reportable Events: Include deaths on or off premises due to incidents during childcare, and serious injuries requiring hospitalization for more than 24 hours. Significant Events: Any event likely to affect childcare suitability. Minor injuries and routine medical appointments do not require notification but should be recorded. Record Keeping Providers must maintain records of accidents and first aid treatments. Content of Records: Date, time, location, personal details of those involved, brief description of incident, and treatment administered. Format: Records can be kept digitally or on paper as preferred by the provider. Forms for recording incidents are available in your ProTrainings login area for convenience. Additional Requirements Stay updated on HSE requirements under the first aid at work regulations and any changes in Ofsted requirements. Ensure compliance with these regulations to maintain high standards of childcare safety and reporting. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2267/Paediatric_Accident_Reporting_and_Record_Keeping-01.jpg Yes 220 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/abdominal-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/864.mp4 Abdominal Injuries Abdominal Injuries: Causes, First Aid, and Urgent Care Understanding the Abdominal Cavity Discover the significance of the abdominal cavity, its location, and the potential risks associated with injuries. Abdominal Anatomy Explore the unique characteristics of the abdominal cavity: Location: Positioned below the ribcage and above the pelvic cavity. Protective Challenge: Unlike the chest and pelvic cavities, there are no bones shielding the abdomen, making it vulnerable to injuries that can result in severe harm to abdominal organs like the liver, spleen, or stomach. Combined Injuries: In some cases, injuries may affect both the pelvic and abdominal regions, necessitating immediate medical attention. Organ Responses to Trauma Understand how different abdominal organs react to traumatic injuries: Hollow Organs: Hollow organs, such as the bladder, are prone to rupture when subjected to trauma, leading to the release of their contents into the surrounding area. Solid Organs: Solid organs like the liver tend to tear instead of rupturing, often resulting in slow bleeding that can easily go unnoticed. First Aid for Abdominal Injuries Learn the crucial steps to take when dealing with traumatic abdominal injuries: Protruding Organs: If an injury causes the patient's internal organs to protrude from the abdominal wall, do not attempt to push them back in, as this can worsen the situation. Correct Position: Have the individual lie flat with their knees bent and cover the exposed organs with a moist, sterile dressing made of non-adhesive material that won't cling to the affected organs. Restrict Food and Drink: Even if the patient complains of extreme hunger or thirst, refrain from allowing them to eat or drink. Seek Immediate Medical Assistance Remember that prompt medical help is essential for any injury. A first aid responder's role is to stabilize the patient until professional assistance arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1503/The_abdominal_cavity-01.jpg Yes 128 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/secondary-care-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/175.mp4 Secondary Care Introduction Secondary Care in First Aid: Understanding Illnesses and Injuries Introduction to Secondary Care Secondary care involves managing illnesses and injuries that, while potentially life-threatening, usually allow more time for action. It can be categorised into two sections: Illness and Injury. Illnesses An illness is an unhealthy condition of the body. Examples include: Asthma Diabetes Epilepsy Angina When providing first aid, the illness may be new to the patient or an existing condition. Understanding the symptoms and appropriate responses is crucial. Injuries An injury is defined as physical harm to the body. Common injuries include: Fractures Head injuries Eye injuries Wounds of any kind In cases of injury, assess the situation and decide whether to call emergency services. Sometimes the need will be obvious; at other times, you must use your judgement. Decision Making in Secondary Care This course covers common conditions you are likely to encounter. If you face an unfamiliar situation, remain calm and gather as much information as possible about the patient's condition. Your main role is to: Prevent the person from getting worse Promote their recovery Get professional help when needed, as soon as possible Conclusion Understanding secondary care in first aid is essential for effectively managing illnesses and injuries. Stay calm, be informed, and prioritise the patient's well-being until professional help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/303/Secondary_Care_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/eye-injuries-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/437.mp4 Eye Injuries Dealing with Eye Injuries: First Aid and Guidelines Types of Eye Injuries Eye injuries encompass a range of scenarios, including: Cuts Impact injuries Foreign objects entering the eye Exposure to chemicals or other substances Immediate Response Act promptly following these steps: Step 1: If the patient wears contact lenses, encourage them to remove them if possible. Step 2: For chemical exposure, wash the eye meticulously. Ensure that the rinsing flows away from the unaffected eye to prevent contamination. Step 3: In chemical incidents, document the substance for reference and relay this information to emergency medical services. Providing a chemical label or datasheet can be helpful. Step 4: Flush the affected eye with a saline solution, an eyewash station, or clean water for a minimum of 20 minutes to ensure complete removal of the substance. Step 5: Remove small particles like grit, sand, or dirt carefully from the eye using the corner of a sterile dressing or a tissue. Eye Examination and Treatment Depending on the injury type: Scratched Eye: If there's suspicion of a scratched eye, consult a medical professional for evaluation. Cuts Around the Eye: Apply a sterile eye pad dressing to control bleeding and provide comfort to the patient. Reassurance: Support and reassure the patient, especially since impaired vision can increase their anxiety. Offer a tissue if there's any blood around the eye. Do Not Cover Ears: When using an eye pad dressing, avoid covering the patient's ears to ensure unimpaired hearing. Eye Movement Restriction: In cases where eye movement could worsen the injury, instruct the patient to cup their hands over both eyes to prevent any motion. Stay with them to provide reassurance until help arrives. Patient Transport: When moving a patient with an eye injury, handle them with care and maintain a reassuring presence. Important Considerations Remember these crucial points when dealing with eye injuries: Do Not Remove Objects: Never attempt to remove objects that have penetrated the eye. Avoid Eye Contact: Refrain from touching or rubbing the injured eye, applying makeup near it, or using contact lenses until recovery. When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention Refer to NHS guidelines for hospital referral: Strong chemical exposure (e.g., oven cleaner or bleach) Penetration of the eye by a sharp object High-speed impact injury to the eye (e.g., power tool or lawnmower accidents) Post-injury changes in eye appearance Headache, high temperature, or light sensitivity Nausea or vomiting following the eye injury Inability to move or open the eye Blood or pus discharge from the eye https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/821/Eye_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/permission-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/98.mp4 Asking permission and consent to help Obtaining Consent in First Aid Situations Introduction and Permission When faced with a first aid scenario, it's crucial to follow proper protocol, beginning with a courteous introduction. Always introduce yourself and request the patient's permission to offer assistance. Consent Verification If the patient grants consent, whether through verbal affirmation, a nod, or by extending an injured limb for examination, you are legally authorized to proceed with your assistance. Respecting Patient's Wishes If, however, the patient declines your aid, you must respect their decision and refrain from any form of intervention. In such cases: Emergency Services: If the patient refuses help, promptly contact the emergency services for professional assistance. Refer to Supervisors or Family: Consider involving the patient's supervisor or family members to address their concerns and provide reassurance. Open Communication: Engage in a compassionate conversation with the patient, focusing on comforting and calming them despite your inability to assist directly. Unconscious Patients Even when dealing with an unconscious casualty, the principles of consent still apply. In such instances, consent may be implied as most individuals in this condition would likely accept aid if conscious: Verbal Interaction: Communicate with the unconscious patient as speaking to them can offer comfort. Hearing is often one of the last senses to diminish. Workplace Duty of Care It's important to recognize that in the workplace, as a designated first aider, you may hold a duty of care towards employees or colleagues. In such circumstances, the injured party may be required to seek your assistance: Employee Seeking Help: In situations where you have a duty of care, the casualty may be compelled to approach you for assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/149/ProTrainings-01.jpg Yes 217 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/introduction-to-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1385.mp4 Choking Recognition Dealing with Choking: Recognize, Assess, and Respond 1. Choking: A Manageable Emergency Choking, while not a common cause of death, often occurs during eating or in social settings. Timely action can be a lifesaver, as victims are initially conscious and responsive. 2. Recognizing Choking Key to a successful response is differentiating choking from other medical emergencies such as fainting, heart attacks, or seizures. Look for signs like sudden respiratory distress, cyanosis, or loss of consciousness. 3. Choking Risk Factors Choking typically happens while eating or drinking and can be more likely in individuals with certain risk factors: Reduced consciousness Drug or alcohol intoxication Neurological impairment affecting swallowing and cough reflex Respiratory disease Mental impairments or dementia Dental problems Older age 4. Identifying Severity of Choking Ask the conscious victim, "Are you choking?" to determine the severity: If they can speak, cough, and breathe, it's a mild obstruction. If they can't speak, have a weakened cough, or struggle to breathe, it's severe. 5. Treatment Approach We'll explore choking treatment in detail in later videos, but here's a brief overview: For mild obstruction, encourage coughing. Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest compressions are for severe obstructions. Success rates improve with combinations of techniques. Bystander-initiated chest compressions for unconscious victims can be effective. 6. Aftercare and Seeking Medical Advice Even after successful choking treatment, victims may have residual foreign material in their airways. Look for symptoms like persistent cough or difficulty swallowing and advise victims to seek medical evaluation. Caution: Abdominal thrusts and chest compressions can potentially cause internal injuries, so victims treated with these methods should be examined by medical professionals afterward. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2489/Choking_Recognition-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/scene-safety-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/101.mp4 Scene Safety Ensuring Scene Safety: A Crucial Step Understanding the Situation Before taking any action, it's vital to assess the safety of the scene. In this simulated scenario, let's consider a car accident: Initial Caution: Avoid rushing in immediately. Survey the scene for potential hazards and dangers. Multiple Factors: For a car accident, assess the presence of other vehicles, bystanders, and the number of individuals involved. Risk Assessment: Perform a swift risk evaluation, considering various elements. Understanding the Vehicle When approaching a vehicle, be alert to specific risks and potential dangers: Fluid Presence: Check for any spilled fluids, such as water, oil, petrol, or diesel, as they may pose a fire hazard. Glass Hazards: Be cautious of broken glass resulting from the accident. Cargo Inspection: If it's a van or similar vehicle, consider what it may be carrying, especially chemicals or gas. Safe Approach Remember the mantra: Stop, Think, Act. Maintain a strategic approach to ensure safety while offering assistance: Engage From the Front: When communicating with the injured party, approach from the front to prevent unnecessary head movement. Establish Identity: Clearly introduce yourself: "I'm Keith, a first aider. Can I help you?" Maintain communication from a distance during the assessment phase. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Don gloves as a precaution before moving closer to the patient. Ensuring Head Stability When approaching the vehicle, be mindful of potential spinal injuries: Control Head Movement: Politely instruct the individual to keep their head still. This step is especially important in suspected spinal injury cases. Effective Communication Engage in a dialogue with the injured party while maintaining vigilance for any evolving dangers: Gathering Information: Ask pertinent questions such as "Are you alone? Is there anyone else in the vehicle? Are there any hazardous materials in the vehicle?" Comfort and Reassurance: A compassionate and informative approach helps ease the patient's anxiety. Calling for Assistance If the scene reveals minor injuries or conditions you can't manage, promptly activate the appropriate emergency services: Clear Reporting: Clearly communicate the nature of the situation to the emergency services dispatcher. Request Assistance: Depending on the circumstances, request an ambulance, police, or other relevant services as needed. Conclusion These safety procedures apply to various scenarios, whether involving adults in car accidents or children requiring assistance. Prioritising scene safety ensures effective care delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/155/Scene_Safety-01.jpg Yes 285 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/older-child-and-adult-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1387.mp4 Older Child and Adult Choking Dealing with Choking: Techniques for Children and Adults Understanding Choking in Different Age Groups Although this course primarily covers choking in children and infants, the techniques for older children and adults are similar: Mild Airway Obstruction: Includes discomfort and possible pain from objects like fishbones stuck in the throat. Severe Airway Obstruction: Complete blockage, causing inability to breathe, talk, or cough. Actions for Mild Airway Obstruction If the person can talk and cough: Keep them calm and encourage coughing to dislodge the object. Check the mouth and remove the obstruction if visible. Dealing with Severe Airway Obstruction When the person cannot breathe, talk, or cough: Stand behind them and provide 5 back-blows between the shoulder blades. If unsuccessful, perform 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich manoeuvre). Alternate between back-blows and abdominal thrusts until the obstruction clears. Emergency Steps if Obstruction Persists If the obstruction remains: Call emergency services and maintain communication. If unconscious, guide them safely to the floor and initiate CPR. After Clearing the Obstruction If successful in clearing the airway: Sit the person down and monitor their condition. Seek medical evaluation to check for any injuries caused by the procedure. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2495/Older_Child_and_Adult_Choking-01.jpg Yes 176 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/planning-for-emergencies https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1053.mp4 Planning for paediatric emergencies Emergency Planning When Caring for Children Importance of Emergency Planning When looking after children, it's crucial to plan for emergencies proactively rather than reactively. Planning ahead helps prevent accidents and ensures preparedness in case of incidents. Key Considerations Here are some important factors to consider when planning for emergencies: Contact Information: Compile a list of emergency contacts and store it on your phone for quick access. Communication: Plan how you will contact emergency services or medical professionals and know the locations of nearby medical facilities. Notification: Determine who needs to be informed in case of an emergency, such as parents or grandparents, and decide on the method of communication. Medical Supplies: Ensure you have essential medical equipment like a first aid kit, necessary medications, and any specific foods required. Childcare Arrangements: Plan what you will do with other children or pets if you need to accompany a child to medical appointments. Travel and Insurance: Review your travel arrangements and ensure you have appropriate insurance coverage. Existing Medical Conditions: Be aware of any medical conditions affecting the children in your care and know how to respond appropriately in an emergency. Fire Safety: Implement fire precautions and have a clear plan of action in case of a fire emergency. Additional Children: Consider any extra concerns if caring for additional children beyond your usual care arrangement. Risk Assessment: Conduct thorough risk assessments of your work environment to identify and mitigate potential hazards. Downloadable sheets are available in our resources section to record medications and emergency contacts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1929/Planning_for_paediatric_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/plasters https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/287.mp4 Applying Plasters Guide to Using Plasters for Wound Care Understanding Plasters Plasters provide a simple yet effective means of safeguarding and maintaining the cleanliness of minor injuries. Choosing the Right Plaster Plasters come in various types and sizes, so it's essential to make the correct selection: Types: Waterproof, fabric, or gauze. Quality: Higher-quality plasters offer superior adhesive properties, ensuring better protection in all conditions. Ensuring Sterility Plasters are always sterile and typically found in most first-aid kits. Follow these steps to maintain their cleanliness: Sizes: Available in various shapes and sizes, including round plasters for small wounds and finger-shaped plasters for fingertip injuries. Hygiene: Always wear gloves to prevent contamination and infection. Application Process Here's how to correctly apply a plaster: Inspect: Examine the wound site for cleanliness and suitability. Prepare: Peel back the plaster to expose the adhesive side. Apply: Carefully attach the plaster, removing any remaining backing paper. Secure: Ensure the plaster is firmly in place and that there is no bleeding seeping through. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/521/Applying_plasters.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/child-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/170.mp4 Choking in children Dealing with Choking: Adult and Child Types of Obstruction Mild Airway Obstruction: Involves discomfort, potential pain, and distress due to a partial blockage (e.g., fishbone or small object). Severe Airway Obstruction: Represents a complete blockage, preventing breathing, talking, or coughing and may lead to unconsciousness if not addressed. Dealing with Choking on an Adult Assess Breathing: Ask the person if they are choking; if they can talk, they can breathe. Encourage Coughing: Support and keep the person calm, encouraging them to cough to clear the obstruction. Observe the Mouth: If the obstruction is visible, attempt to remove it without inserting fingers deeply into the mouth. Dealing with Choking on a Child Size Considerations: Kneel behind the child due to their smaller size; anticipate distress and the need for forcefulness. Back Blows: Stand behind and to the side of the child, delivering five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand. Abdominal Thrusts: Perform abdominal thrusts by making a fist and placing it between the child's belly button and the bottom of their breastbone; perform five sharp inward and upward pulls with the other hand on top of the fist. Repeat If Necessary: If the obstruction persists, repeat five back blows and five abdominal thrusts, checking each time. Emergency Actions If Obstruction Persists: Continue attempts to clear the obstruction; call emergency services if not done already. Loss of Consciousness: If the child loses consciousness, gently guide them to the floor, avoiding injury; initiate CPR if not breathing. After Successful Removal Assess and Calm: Sit the child down and keep them calm; seek medical attention to check for any injuries resulting from the thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/293/Choking_in_children-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/aed-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/107.mp4 AED Introduction Understanding Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) 1. What is an AED? An AED, or automatic external defibrillator, explained. There is a common misconception that AEDs restart the heart, but their role is to interrupt abnormal heart activity. 2. AEDs and Heart Function Understanding how AEDs work to restore a normal heart rhythm. Electric activity in the heart can lead to abnormal twitching rather than a meaningful pulse. An AED delivers a shock to interrupt this electric activity, allowing the heart's natural pacemakers to restart it in a normal rhythm. AEDs advise a shock only when detecting specific shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). 3. Types of AED Units Exploring different AED models and their operation. Semi-automatic AEDs require manual activation of the shock button when advised. Automatic AEDs initiate shocks automatically when necessary. 4. Future AED Videos Stay tuned for upcoming videos that delve into AEDs in greater detail and provide guidance on their usage. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/167/AED_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/infant-choking-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/172.mp4 Infant Choking How to Respond When an Infant is Choking Choking is a critical emergency, especially in infants, requiring swift and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes. Understanding Choking in Infants Infants are more prone to choking on food or small objects. Quick action is essential in these situations to ensure their safety. Mild vs. Severe Choking Mild Obstruction: Some air passage remains, and the infant can cough. Severe Obstruction: Airway is completely blocked, preventing breathing, crying, or coughing. Immediate Actions for Severe Choking Follow these steps carefully to assist a choking infant: Step 1: Back Blows Lay the infant face down along your thigh while sitting. Support their head with one hand. With the heel of your other hand, give up to five firm back-blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows for any dislodged obstruction. Step 2: Checking the Mouth Turn the infant over and lay them on your leg face-up to inspect their mouth: Remove visible obstructions carefully. Avoid blind finger sweeps. Step 3: Chest Thrusts While the infant is still lying face-up on your leg, locate the breastbone. Perform up to five chest thrusts using two thumbs with your hands around the chest, pressing inwards and downwards. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the obstruction remains. If the Infant Becomes Unconscious Immediately check for breathing and prepare to start CPR if there is no breath. Call Emergency Services or have someone call them if not done already. Conclusion Being prepared to act in a choking emergency can save an infant's life. Practice and familiarity with these procedures can make a critical difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/297/infant_choking.jpg Yes 231 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/serious-bleeding-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/113.mp4 Serious Bleeding and Bandaging Controlling Bleeding: First Aid Guidance Understanding Bleeding Bleeding Sources: Injuries can lead to bleeding from various body parts, posing a life-threatening and distressing situation for both the patient and the first aider. Staying Calm and Taking Action Maintain Composure: When faced with bleeding, remain calm and rely on your training, as it may appear worse than it is. First Step: Ensure you are wearing gloves, as with all first aid procedures. Controlling Serious Bleeding Direct Pressure: The initial approach to control serious bleeding is applying direct pressure. This can be done by the patient or with your gloved hand, which aids in blood clotting. Pressure Bandage: For cuts, consider using a sterile pressure bandage. Check the dressing's expiry date and, if expired, use it only if no other option is available. Opening the Dressing: Tear open the packet to access the bandage with a gauze pad. Avoid removing embedded objects from the wound. Applying the Dressing Immediate Action: If possible, ask the patient to apply direct pressure with a sterile gauze pad while you put on gloves. Patient Position: Seat or lay the patient down, minimizing the risk of injury in case of fainting. Calling for Help: If the bleeding is severe, instruct a bystander to call for an ambulance. If alone, make the call after dressing application. Proper Dressing Application: Apply the dressing distally (away from the heart) towards the body, maintaining enough pressure to stop bleeding without obstructing circulation. Leakage: If blood seeps through the first dressing, remove it, assess the wound, and apply a fresh dressing. This indicates a serious bleed requiring immediate medical assistance. Arm Sling: Once bleeding is stable, immobilize the arm using a sling if applicable. Circulation Check Monitoring: After dressing application, check circulation by testing for capillary refill, especially if the dressing is on an arm. General Bleeding Cases Body Cuts: Similar procedures apply to any other type of cut. Use a dressing pad for direct pressure or secure it with a bandage if possible. Addressing Shock Shock Concern: In cases of serious bleeding, watch for signs of shock. If shock occurs, lay the patient down and elevate their legs if feasible. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/179/Serious_Bleeding_and_Bandaging-01.jpg Yes 173 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/paediatric-first-aid-provision https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1054.mp4 Paediatric first aid provision First Aid Requirements for Childcare Providers Ofsted Guidelines According to Ofsted, ensuring safety in childcare provision is paramount. Providers are mandated to implement measures that prevent and minimise injuries to children while taking necessary precautions against infections. Regulations for Childcare Register Providers listed on the Childcare Register must adhere to the following: First Aid Qualification: Childminders and home child-carers must possess a current first aid qualification. Registered Person Responsibilities: The registered person for childcare premises, whether domestic or non-domestic, must ensure that at least one staff member with appropriate first aid training is present at all times. Availability of First Aid First aid provision must be accessible: On Premises: First aid must be available whenever children are on the childcare premises. Off Premises: It should also be accessible during visits and outings. The registered provider holds the responsibility for compliance with these regulations. Minimum Requirements This guidance outlines the minimum first aid standards for most childcare settings. Providers should assess if additional training or qualifications are necessary based on their specific care activities, such as water sports. Compliance with Health and Safety Regulations It's crucial to note that first aid training in childcare does not substitute the obligations set forth by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the first aid at work regulations 1981. Employers must ensure the health and safety of employees and others on the premises. Staying Current Providers must stay updated and compliant with existing and new requirements related to first aid provision. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1931/Paediatric_first_aid_provision-01.jpg Yes 107 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/drowning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/708.mp4 Drowning Responding to Suspected Drowning Incidents 1. Prioritize Safety First When encountering a suspected drowning victim who is unresponsive and not breathing, prioritize safety for yourself and others. 2. Assess the Situation Begin this scenario with the victim on their back, considering potential water-related hazards such as cold water, underwater obstructions, soft beds, or strong currents. 3. Drowning vs. Office Situation Recognize the distinction between a drowning victim and someone not breathing in an office setting. Drowning is more likely due to a respiratory problem. 4. Providing Treatment If someone is present, send them to call the EMS; otherwise, continue with care. Open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, administer five rescue breaths initially. Follow with 30 compressions and two breaths, repeating for one minute. If alone, leave to call for help, following the "call fast approach." Continue CPR with 30 compressions and two breaths until EMS arrives or instructs otherwise. 5. Importance of Initial Rescue Breaths Delivering five initial rescue breaths aims to restart breathing and assess signs of life before proceeding with CPR. 6. Consistency with Child Drowning Protocol It's noteworthy that the sequence for responding to drowning is the same for children aged 1 to 18. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1213/Drowning.jpg Yes 122 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/child-aed-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/236.mp4 Child AED Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Use (Ages 1–12) If you find a child aged between 1 and 12 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, you must act quickly. Early CPR and rapid defibrillation give the child the best possible chance of survival. Because this age group covers a wide range of sizes and weights, CPR techniques are adapted to suit the child in front of you. Calling for Help If the child is unresponsive: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether the child is breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Immediately In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by breathing problems. For this reason: Start with five rescue breaths. Then begin chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to around one-third of its depth. Allow full chest recoil after each compression. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Do not pause CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on a Child Use the AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Pad Placement Ensure the child’s chest is bare and dry. Children under approximately 25 kg (usually under 8 years) Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back placement ensures the electrical shock passes through the heart. Children over approximately 25 kg Place one pad on the centre of the chest. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the child. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The child shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on children. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a child’s life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/419/Child_AED.jpg Yes 177 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/your-practical-lesson https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2280.mp4 Your practical lesson Preparing for Your Classroom Session Introduction Now that you have nearly finished your online training, it’s time to prepare for the classroom lesson with your instructor. In the classroom, you will review key subjects and have ample time to practise the skills demonstrated during your online course. Classroom Session Overview Your instructor will assess your skills, and you must pass each assessment to receive your qualification. Don’t worry—your instructor will be there to help and guide you, offering extra practice time if needed. Scheduling and Attire Ensure you complete both the online and classroom courses within the allowed time period, so book your session as soon as possible. We recommend wearing comfortable, loose-fitting clothes and sensible footwear for the practical exercises. Inform your instructor of any physical conditions that might be aggravated by the exercises required for the course. Preparation Tips Rewatch the course videos before your classroom session to keep the information fresh in your mind. This will help you when practising your skills. Contact Information If you have any questions or require special assistance, contact your instructor. If you need help finding an instructor for a class course or a workplace visit, please contact us by phone, email, or online chat. Conclusion We hope you enjoy putting your new skills into practice. Good luck with your classroom session! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4183/Your_practical_lesson-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/tquk-level-3-award-in-paediatric-first-aid-blended-part-one-course-introduction https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2424.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the Blended TQUK Level 3 Award in Paediatric First Aid RQF Course Overview Welcome to the online module of the Blended TQUK Level 3 Award in Paediatric First Aid RQF. This qualification involves two parts: an online module and a one-day practical classroom session. Complete the online portion first, and then attend the classroom session to finalise your training. If you need assistance finding a local practical session, please contact us. Course Structure Throughout this course, you will: Watch a series of informative videos Complete knowledge review questions Take a short completion test You have the flexibility to start and stop the course as often as needed and return exactly where you left off. Videos can be rewatched at any time, during and after the course. Flexible Access The course is accessible on any device. You can begin watching on your computer and finish on your smartphone or tablet. Pin videos to the top of your screen to view accompanying text while watching. Each page includes text supporting the video content, with optional subtitles available by clicking the CC icon. Support and Certification If you answer any questions incorrectly, additional help is available. Upon passing the test, your completion certificate, Certified CPD statement, and evidence-based learning statement will be available for printing. Your certificate can be validated using the QR code printed on it. Resources and Updates Access numerous resources and links from the course homepage to support your training. We continuously update our courses, so check back regularly for new material. You will have access to the course for eight months from the start date, even after passing the test. Company Solutions We offer free company dashboards for those responsible for staff training. For more information about our company solutions, please contact us via: Email: support@protrainings.uk Phone: 01206 805359 Online Chat Facility Although the course is delivered online, we provide comprehensive support throughout your training. Stay Updated To keep your skills fresh and stay informed about any new videos added to the course, you will receive a weekly email every Monday morning. These emails also include updates from our blog. You can choose to subscribe or unsubscribe at any time. Thank You We hope you enjoy your course. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings, and good luck! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4307/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 146 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/rice-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/182.mp4 Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure Dealing with Strains, Sprains, and Muscle Tears: First Aid Understanding Common Injuries Strain: Occurs when a muscle is stretched or torn, often involving tendon damage. Symptoms include bruising, swelling, and pain. Sprain: Involves stretching or tearing of ligaments, commonly seen in the ankle due to sudden joint wrenching. Damages surrounding tissues. Muscle Tear: Such as hamstring injuries in the leg, involve torn muscle fibers, resulting in severe pain and swelling. First Aid Treatment: RICE Method Whether it's a strain or sprain, the initial first aid treatment is the same, focusing on reducing swelling and pain. RICE Method: R - Rest: Help the person sit or lie down comfortably, supporting the injured limb. I - Ice: Apply a cold compress like an ice pack (wrapped in cloth) to reduce swelling. C - Comfortable Support: Apply soft padding and use a conforming or crepe bandage to secure the cold compress gently. Monitor circulation every 10 minutes. E - Elevate: Raise the injured limb using pillows, a bag, or a chair to further reduce swelling. Note: Do not apply ice or cold packs directly to the skin to prevent burns. Moving the Injured Person Considerations for Moving: In the case of a wrist or arm injury, you can usually place the arm in a horizontal sling and assist the person in moving once initial treatment is provided. Be cautious, as they may feel faint or experience significant pain. Help them stand up gradually. For leg or ankle injuries, moving the person can be challenging, and you may need to call for assistance. Ensure they avoid putting weight on the affected area, as swelling and pain can worsen when the limb is no longer elevated. If necessary, assist them in hopping to safety or stay with them until professional help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/315/Strains_and_Sprains_and_the_RICE_procedure-01.jpg Yes 216 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/childhood-illnesses-accidents https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/760.mp4 Childhood Illnesses and Accidents Childhood Illnesses and Accidents: Awareness and Prevention Recognising Childhood Illnesses Childhood illnesses and accidents can affect children in various ways. It's crucial to be aware of common signs and symptoms: Observation: Watch for changes in behaviour such as unusual quietness, grumpiness, sweating, or unusual warmth. Sudden Onset: Unlike adults, children can deteriorate rapidly from seemingly minor illnesses to serious conditions. Common Conditions: Includes asthma, diabetes, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. Knowing each child's specific condition is essential for proper care. Communicating and Monitoring Children may not always communicate their symptoms clearly. Use strategic questions and observe non-verbal cues: Encourage children to point out where they feel pain or discomfort. Monitor children closely, especially in high-risk situations such as sports activities or exposure to allergens. Dealing with Accidents Accidents are common among children both indoors and outdoors. Vigilance and precautionary measures are key: Safety Measures: Conduct ongoing risk assessments to identify and mitigate potential hazards. Common Injuries: Includes head injuries, falls, fractures, cuts, and bruises. Even minor incidents require careful assessment and monitoring. Always be alert and proactive in ensuring the safety and well-being of children under your care, both during activities and in everyday situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1353/Childhood_Illnesses_and_Accidents-01.jpg Yes 218 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/epilepsy-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/117.mp4 Epilepsy Epilepsy: Understanding Recurrent Seizures Defining Epilepsy Epilepsy is presently described as a propensity for recurrent seizures, which are triggered by sudden bursts of excessive electrical activity within the brain. This surge disrupts normal communication between brain cells, leading to interruptions or mix-ups in the brain's messaging. The Impact of Seizures The effects of a seizure are contingent on the origin and spread of epileptic activity in the brain. As the brain governs all bodily functions, the experience during a seizure varies depending on these factors, resulting in numerous seizure types. Seizures aren't exclusive to epilepsy; they can arise from diverse causes like head injuries, low blood glucose in diabetics, or alcohol poisoning. Key Facts About Epilepsy Epilepsy: A tendency for recurrent seizures. Seizure Types: Approximately 40 different types exist, and individuals may experience more than one. Wide Impact: Affects people of all ages and backgrounds. UK Prevalence: 1 in 131 people (456,000 individuals). Treatment Potential: 70 percent could achieve seizure freedom with suitable treatment. Single Seizures: 1 in 20 people may have a single seizure during their life. Outgrowing Epilepsy: Many who develop epilepsy as children may "grow out of it" in adulthood. Driving License: In the UK, those seizure-free for a year can reapply for a driving license. SUDEP: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy accounts for 500 UK deaths annually. Pregnancy: 2,500 women with epilepsy in the UK have a baby each year. Understanding Seizures Identifying a seizure involves observing key indicators: Sudden Loss of Responsiveness Rigid Body with Arched Back Noisy, Difficult Breathing Convulsions Possible Loss of Bladder Control Post-Seizure Deep Sleep A typical description of a tonic-clonic seizure, the most common generalised seizure type: Tonic Phase: Involves body rigidity, loss of consciousness, and chest muscle contractions. Clonic Phase: Characterized by repetitive muscle contractions and body shaking. Following a seizure, regaining consciousness may vary, accompanied by confusion and muscle soreness. Headaches and fatigue are common, prompting a desire to sleep. Some individuals experience warning symptoms called auras before seizures, manifesting as peculiar movements, sensations, or intense emotions. However, seizures often occur without warning. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/187/Epilepsy-01.jpg Yes 193 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/illness-assessment-child https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/238.mp4 Illness Assessment for Children and SAMPLE Illness Assessment: Using the S.A.M.P.L.E.S. Method Understanding Illness Assessment Illness refers to an unhealthy condition of the body, ranging from mild discomfort to serious medical conditions. The S.A.M.P.L.E.S. Method The mnemonic S.A.M.P.L.E.S. guides the assessment process: S - Signs and Symptoms: Look for signs like temperature, skin colour, and pulse rate. Ask about symptoms such as nausea, pain, or discomfort. A - Allergies: Inquire about allergies to food, stings, medications, etc. M - Medication: Ask about current medications or recent intake. P - Pre-existing Medical Conditions: Determine if there are underlying conditions like diabetes, asthma, angina, or anaphylaxis. L - Last Meal: Find out when the patient last ate and what they consumed, which can provide clues about their current condition. E - Events: Understand the events leading up to the illness, which can help in identifying potential causes or triggers. S - Sample Pulse and Respiration: Check the pulse and respiration to assess vital signs: Find the radial pulse and count beats in 30 seconds, noting strength, rapidity, or irregularity. Count breaths in 30 seconds without letting the patient know you are counting, to avoid altering their breathing pattern. Normal adult pulse: 60-90 beats per minute; normal adult respiration: 12-20 breaths per minute. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/423/Illness_Assessment_for_Children_and_SAMPLE-01.jpg Yes 219 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/spinal-recovery https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/428.mp4 Spinal Recovery Position Dealing with Suspected Spinal Injuries: The Importance of the Recovery Position When faced with a patient you suspect has sustained a spinal injury, such as a fall from a tree, especially when you are alone, it's crucial to take immediate steps to ensure their safety while obtaining help. The Dilemma The challenge lies in the balance between seeking assistance and safeguarding the patient. Leaving them on their back could pose risks of choking if they vomit, yet moving them might exacerbate their injury. Teamwork and the Log Roll If there are multiple responders or bystanders, you can assign someone to fetch help or utilize additional hands to safely execute a log roll—a technique to turn the patient without spinal twisting. The Recovery Position: A Solution The recovery position is a viable solution. Contrary to common misconception, when executed slowly and carefully, it allows you to turn someone onto their side without risking spinal damage. It's advisable to practice this skill several times to ensure proficiency. Post-Movement Assessment Once repositioned, promptly check for signs of breathing and ensure their airway remains unobstructed. Maintain communication with the unconscious patient, as they may still hear you, providing a source of reassurance. Afterward, proceed to seek assistance. Vomiting Prevention The recovery position offers protection against choking in case of vomiting, as the patient's airway remains clear. During your absence, if they vomit, they will remain in this safe position. Returning to the Patient Upon your return, reevaluate their breathing status and ensure they stay warm by covering them with a blanket. Maintain a reassuring presence until professional help arrives. When reporting to emergency medical services (EMS), provide a comprehensive account of the situation, including observed signs and any symptoms the conscious patient communicated. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/803/Spinal_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 190 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/three-steps-to-save-a-life https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7078.mp4 Three Steps to Save a Life (2025) The Three Steps to Save a Life: A Simple Emergency Guide The Three Steps to Save a Life approach is an easy, effective method that anyone can use during an emergency. At the heart of the Resuscitation Council UK guidelines, this process shows that you do not need medical training to make a lifesaving difference. Step 1 – Check Check for Safety Before you approach the casualty, ensure the area is safe. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Other environmental dangers Check Responsiveness Once it’s safe, assess whether the person can respond: Gently tap their shoulders Ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If they do not respond and appear unresponsive, move immediately to Step 2. Step 2 – Call Call 999 (or 112 in Europe) without delay. Put your phone on speaker to keep your hands free. The emergency operator will guide you step-by-step. Check Breathing With Guidance The dispatcher will help you assess for normal breathing. Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally or is only gasping, tell the operator immediately. They will talk you through starting CPR. Step 3 – CPR and AED Start CPR Immediately If breathing is absent or abnormal: Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest Put your other hand on top Begin compressions at 100–120 per minute Press down about 5 cm each time Allow the chest to fully rise between compressions Use an AED if Available If an AED is nearby: Turn it on immediately Follow the voice prompts The device will tell you when to pause, stand clear, or resume compressions The emergency dispatcher will stay on the line and support you until professional help arrives. Why These Three Steps Matter Remember: Check • Call • Start CPR with an AED. These quick, simple actions can double or even triple a person’s chance of survival. You don’t need to be a doctor — just willing to act. Your hands, your phone, and your courage truly can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12822/Three_Steps_to_Save_a_Life_2.jpg Yes 149 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/what-are-common-injuries-within-a-nursery https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4115.mp4 What are common injuries within a nursery? Common Injuries in Nurseries and Childminding Variety of Injuries The injuries encountered in nurseries and childminding settings are highly varied. Young children are curious and tend to explore everything, often putting objects into their mouths. Examples: Washing powder capsules, soft and spongy items Risks: Ingesting harmful chemicals like hydrochloric acid Insertion: Objects in ears, nose, and mouth, including small items like lego bricks and marbles Accidents: Pulling objects onto themselves, tipping tables Resilience of Children Children are resilient and often bounce back from minor incidents due to their supple nature. Common Occurrences: Bumps, scratches, grazes Exceptional Cases: Serious incidents like strangulation from curtain hangers Preventive Measures To ensure safety in childminding and nursery care: Constant Supervision: Never take eyes off children Safe Environment: Keep objects out of reach, secure hanging items Proactive Approach: Remove potential hazards promptly It's crucial to maintain vigilant supervision and eliminate risks to prevent accidents in childcare settings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7367/What_are_common_injuries_within_a_nursery-01.jpg Yes 131 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/resuscitation-of-children https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1947.mp4 Resuscitation of children CPR for Children and Infants: Why Acting Matters More Than Fear Having to resuscitate a child or infant can be one of the most distressing situations anyone may face. Sadly, many children do not receive life-saving CPR because bystanders fear causing harm, especially if they are not specifically trained in paediatric resuscitation. This fear is unfounded. It is always far better to act than to do nothing. Using the Adult BLS Sequence on Children For ease of learning and retention, lay rescuers are taught that the adult Basic Life Support (BLS) sequence can be used for children who are unresponsive and not breathing normally. If you are unsure, follow the adult sequence. Doing something will always give the child a better chance of survival than doing nothing at all. Chest Compression Depth and Technique When delivering chest compressions to children and infants, the recommended depth is: At least one-third of the depth of the chest Hand Position by Age Group Infants (under 1 year): Use two thumbs with the wrap-around technique Children (1–12 years): Use one or two hands, depending on the size of the child Adolescents (13–18 years): Use two hands, as you would for an adult Whether you use one hand or two on a child is up to you. The outcome is the same. Choose the technique that feels safest, most comfortable, and best suited to the child’s size. The Impact of CPR on Survival What you do — or don’t do — has a huge impact on survival. No CPR: Survival rate of approximately 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival rate of around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rate increases to 13.6% These figures clearly show that early action saves lives. Delivering Rescue Breaths When giving rescue breaths: Deliver each breath over about one second Give just enough air to see the chest rise The maximum time between the last compression and the first compression of the next cycle should be no more than 10 seconds — and ideally much less. This minimises interruptions to chest compressions and helps maintain blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Key Message to Remember You do not need to be perfect to save a life. Fear of causing harm should never stop you from acting. Using the adult BLS sequence on a child or infant is far safer than doing nothing. Early CPR, even if it is not textbook-perfect, dramatically improves a child’s chance of survival. Act quickly. Act confidently. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3507/Resuscitation_of_Children.jpg Yes 114 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/what3words---location-app https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4780.mp4 What3Words - location app Using What3Words to Pinpoint Your Location for Emergency Services When calling emergency medical services, accurately describing your location can be difficult, especially in remote or unfamiliar areas. What3Words is an app that helps solve this problem by pinpointing your exact location using three unique words. How What3Words Works What3Words assigns three random words to a 3-meter by 3-meter square on the Earth's surface. By providing these words to emergency services, they can quickly and accurately find your location. Using the What3Words Website You can use the What3Words website (www.what3words.com) to find your current location or search for a specific address. The algorithm also includes error checking to ensure that slightly incorrect words still lead to the correct location. Using the What3Words App By downloading the What3Words app on your smartphone, you can easily find your current location and store saved locations for future reference. Who Uses What3Words? Around 80% of UK emergency services now use What3Words, along with roadside assistance services like the AA and various UK delivery companies. How to Find Your Location Using What3Words Visit www.what3words.com or open the app. Search for a postcode, or place, or allow the app to find your current location. Select the correct 3-meter square on the map to generate the three unique words for that location. Take note of the three words for future reference or to share with emergency services. What3Words is an innovative and effective way to pinpoint your exact location, no matter where you are in the world. Give it a try to ensure your safety during emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8507/What3Words_-_location_app.jpg Yes 119 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/electrocution-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/312.mp4 Electrical Injuries Workplace Electrical Accidents: Risks, Injuries, and First Aid Overview An examination of workplace electrical accidents in the UK, including risks, common injuries, and first aid measures. Statistics Annual Incidents: Approximately 1,000 reported electrical accidents occur in UK workplaces annually. Fatalities: Out of these incidents, 25 result in fatalities. Risk Factors Various sources of electrical hazards within the workplace. Common Sources: Mains electricity, high voltage cables, batteries, static electricity, and even lightning. Common Injuries An analysis of the most prevalent injuries resulting from electrical accidents. Direct Contact: Injuries often stem from direct contact with an electrical charge. Potential Causes: Reasons for contact include poorly maintained equipment, machine interactions with power lines, unsuitable equipment in wet or explosive environments, and contact with underground power lines. Electricity Path: When a body part contacts live electricity, it becomes the conduit for the electrical charge, leading to muscle contractions, potential burns, sparks, and more. Severity and Treatment Factors influencing the severity of electrical injuries and initial first aid steps. Current Impact: The severity depends on the current's strength, duration of contact, and the path it takes through the body. Fatality Risk: Currents as low as 60mA can be fatal in wet conditions, affecting the heart's electrical activity and causing cardiac arrest. Burns: Electricity can lead to severe burns, both entry and exit points, which can be painful and slow to heal. Fire and Explosion: Electrical sparks can trigger fires or explosions. First Aid Immediate actions to take when providing first aid for electrical injuries. Scene Safety: Ensure your own safety before assisting the patient. Assess Breathing: Check if the patient is breathing; initiate CPR if necessary. Unconscious Patients: Place unconscious patients in the recovery position and inspect for additional injuries. Secondary Injuries: Assess for burns, falls, flying objects, sharp wires, or melted plastic. Child Safety Preventing electrical injuries involving children through precautions and awareness. Child Risks: Children can encounter electrical hazards from sockets, playing with equipment, or damaging wires. Precautions: Implement safety measures wherever children and electricity may intersect. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/571/Electrical_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 207 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/shock-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/114.mp4 Shock Understanding Shock: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Shock is defined as a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues. It is a life-threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to provide enough oxygenated blood to the body. Causes of Shock Shock can be triggered by various factors, including: Severe internal or external bleeding Loss of body fluids (e.g., dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, or burns) Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) Infections (e.g., septic shock) Spinal cord injury Types of Shock Hypovolemic Shock Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a lack of fluid or blood volume in the circulatory system. This results in the heart working harder to pump blood around the body. A common cause of hypovolemic shock is significant blood loss, which can be due to internal or external bleeding. Neurogenic Shock Neurogenic shock is caused by a disruption in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) pathways, often following an injury to the central nervous system, such as a spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. Complications include sustained and severe hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate), which can persist for weeks after the injury. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The ANS is a part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for involuntary bodily functions, such as: Heart rate regulation Blood pressure control Respiration Digestion The ANS has two main branches: Sympathetic nervous system: Prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses Parasympathetic nervous system: Promotes "rest and digest" activities Cardiogenic Shock Cardiogenic shock is a critical condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This leads to inadequate blood flow to vital organs, which can cause severe complications. It is most often caused by a major heart attack, though not everyone who has a heart attack will experience cardiogenic shock. Anaphylactic Shock Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction to substances like food, insect stings, or medications. It is a life-threatening condition and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms of Shock The symptoms of shock include: Rapid and shallow breathing Weak pulse Sweating Pale, clammy, cold skin Blue-grey areas around the lips and extremities Weakness and dizziness Nausea or vomiting Restlessness or aggressive behavior Thirst, yawning, and sighing Loss of consciousness in severe cases First Aid Treatment for Shock If someone is in shock, follow these emergency steps: Call emergency services (EMS) immediately. Check for any visible injuries and provide appropriate treatment. Lay the patient down and elevate their legs 15 to 30 cm to help blood flow to vital organs, unless it causes discomfort or worsens other injuries. Keep the patient warm by covering them with a blanket or coat. Reassure the patient to keep them calm. Do not give them anything to eat or drink, as this could divert blood from vital organs to the stomach. Monitor the patient carefully. If they stop breathing, begin CPR. Fainting: A Mild Form of Shock Fainting is often considered a mild form of shock. It can be treated by laying the person down and elevating their legs. In most cases, fainting does not require calling emergency services, as the person usually recovers quickly. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/181/Shock_and_Fainting-01.jpg Yes 250 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/embedded-objects-paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5054.mp4 Embedded Objects Treating Embedded Objects in the Body Understanding Embedded Objects An embedded object occurs when something penetrates the body, such as a knife or glass. Handling Small Objects If dealing with small objects like dirt or grit: Rinse the wound under tap water to remove them. Dealing with Embedded Objects For objects deeply embedded in the body: Do not attempt to remove them yourself. Leaving the object in place can help reduce further damage. Examples and Risks Objects like knives or glass present specific risks: If removed incorrectly, they can cause additional tissue damage and increased bleeding. Medical advice often recommends leaving such objects in until hospital treatment. First Aid Procedure When faced with an embedded object: Wear gloves and apply two dressings around the object to stabilize it. Secure the dressings with a bandage, ensuring not to cover the object directly. Check for bleeding and monitor the injury site. Consider elevating the injured limb if appropriate, avoiding pressure on the embedded object. Transport to Hospital Embedded objects require professional removal: Transport the person to emergency services promptly. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9015/Embedded_Objects-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/cold-emergencies-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/180.mp4 Cold emergencies The Dangers of Cold: Understanding Hypothermia and Cold-Related Problems Hypothermia can have severe consequences for the body. Even a slight drop of just two degrees Celsius in body temperature can lead to hypothermia. It's crucial to identify and manage it correctly. Signs of Hypothermia Uncontrollable shivering Disorientation and confusion Possible unresponsiveness Slow and weak pulse (in severe cases) Treatment Avoid rapid reheating as it may lead to complications, even cardiac arrest. Ensure a gradual warming process. Hypothermia can occur indoors, especially among the elderly trying to save on heating costs. Dealing with Wet Clothing and Cold Exposure Wet clothing can draw heat from the body rapidly, up to 20-25 times faster than air. Steps to Follow: Get the person out of the water. Remove wet clothing. Gently pat dry (do not rub) with a dry towel. Warming the Person Even a slight increase in temperature will begin to warm the body. Monitor the patient carefully. Contact Emergency Services Call EMS and provide them with detailed information about the situation and the actions taken for a better assessment of recovery. Frostnip and Frostbite Frostnip Frostnip can cause the skin to freeze, resulting in redness, whiteness, and pain. Treatment for Frostnip Warm the affected areas by having the patient place their fingers under their arms. Frostbite Frostbite is a serious EMS medical emergency involving the freezing of body tissues, muscles, and vessels. Treatment for Frostbite Re-warm gently with water below 40 degrees Celsius. Never rub or massage frostbitten areas. Be prepared for significant pain during the re-warming process. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/311/Cold_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 122 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/sickle-cell-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/245.mp4 Sickle Cell Sickle Cell Anaemia: Understanding the Condition Overview Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder affecting blood cells, characterized by abnormal sickle or crescent-shaped red blood cells. Causes The condition is inherited from parents and affects haemoglobin, the substance responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. Prevalence Sickle cell is more common in individuals of African, Mediterranean, South American, Central American, Caribbean, and Middle Eastern origin. Effects Decreased Oxygen Delivery: Sickle-shaped cells deliver less oxygen to tissues due to interrupted blood flow. Increased Risk of Stroke: Blockage of blood vessels to the brain can lead to strokes. Symptoms Symptoms typically appear between four to six months of age and include: Pain: Severe pain in arms, legs, back, and stomach, triggered by various factors. Jaundice: Yellowing of the eyes and skin. Fatigue: Irritability and tiredness. Swelling: In hands, feet, joints, and bones. Management Effective management strategies include: Preventive Measures: Avoiding dehydration, overexertion, and sudden temperature changes. Pain Control: Providing warmth, massage, painkillers, and relaxation techniques. Emergency Response: Activating medical services and contacting parents in severe cases. Conclusion Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management of sickle cell anaemia is crucial for timely intervention and improved quality of life for affected individuals. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/437/Sickle_Cell-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/nose-bleeds https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/832.mp4 Nose bleeds Dealing with Nosebleeds: Causes and Treatment 1. Common Occurrence Nosebleeds are a frequent occurrence in both children and adults. While they are typically easy to treat and often do not recur, they can be distressing for children and embarrassing for adults. Nosebleeds are usually caused by the close proximity of blood vessels to the skin in the nasal area, making them susceptible to damage from various factors. Possible Causes: Nosebleeds can result from factors such as inserting objects into the nose, stress, illness, physical impacts to the nose, or facial injuries. Caution: When addressing a nosebleed, exercise extreme care if you suspect a possible nasal fracture or external injuries. 2. First Aid for Nosebleeds Providing immediate care for someone experiencing a nosebleed is essential. Follow these steps: Sit Them Down: Have the individual sit down to avoid any accidents. Offer Comfort: If necessary, provide reassurance and help them stay calm. Forward Leaning Position: Instruct them to lean forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat, which can lead to vomiting or nausea. Pinch the Nose: Ask them to pinch the soft part of their nose. This action applies pressure and aids in stopping the bleeding. Provide a Bowl: Offer a bowl to allow them to spit out the blood rather than swallowing it. Offer Tissues: If needed, provide tissues for use during the treatment. Apply Pressure: Advise them to maintain pressure on the nose for at least 10 minutes. Check for Bleeding: After 10 minutes, gently remove their fingers to check if the bleeding has ceased. Repeat if Necessary: If bleeding persists, repeat the pressure application for another 10 minutes. Seek Medical Assistance: If the bleeding persists beyond 30 minutes, it is advisable to seek medical attention. 3. Preventive Measures Ensure the person understands the following preventive measures: Refrain from: Advising them to avoid actions like sniffing, coughing, blowing their nose, or talking, as these activities can trigger bleeding and hinder the healing process. Regular Nosebleeds: If nosebleeds occur frequently, they may indicate an underlying issue. In such cases, consulting a doctor is recommended. It's worth noting that children who experience regular nosebleeds often outgrow them without requiring medical treatment. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1449/Nose_bleeds-01.jpg Yes 107 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/minor-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1617.mp4 Minor Injuries Dealing with Minor Injuries: First Aid Guide Introduction First aid encompasses not only serious accidents but also addressing minor injuries. This guide explores various minor injuries and how to provide initial care. 1. Dealing with Minor Cuts Minor cuts can be managed easily: Clean the wound area. Apply a plaster. Monitor for possible infection. 2. Handling Blisters Blisters can result from ill-fitting shoes or friction: Keep the area clean and dry. Pat it dry; do not rub to avoid bursting. Cover with a plaster to reduce friction. Consider changing footwear if the cause persists. 3. Coping with Workplace Blisters Blisters can occur at work, such as from using tools: Key Points: Avoid bursting blisters to prevent infection. 4. Treating Small Scratches Small scratches require minimal care: Check for dirt in the wound. Clean the wound. Consider using a plaster. 5. Removing Splinters Splinters may be caused by wood, metal, or plastic: Remove by pushing from the base gently. Clean the area once the splinter is out. Plaster application may be optional. If unable to remove, seek medical help. 6. Handling Thorns Thorns can usually be pulled out with tweezers: Key Points: Ensure the entire thorn is removed. Check for signs of infection in the following days. 7. Addressing Cut Lips Cut lips may not always require a plaster: Instruct the patient to hold a dressing over the wound until bleeding stops. Advise them to avoid talking, which can reopen the wound. Cut lips typically heal quickly. 8. Treating Cuts Inside the Mouth Cuts inside the mouth can be handled with care: Use cotton wool or dressing to apply direct pressure. Assist in controlling bleeding. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2865/minor_injury-01.jpg Yes 168 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/splinters https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2353.mp4 Splinters Handling Splinters: First Aid Guide Understanding Splinters Splinters can infiltrate the body in various ways and materials, with common culprits being wood splinters and small metal fragments. While splinters are usually not a cause for major concern, there are exceptions, especially when they affect sensitive areas like the eyes. Cleaning the Affected Area Immediate action is crucial when dealing with a splinter. Follow these steps: Cleanse: Use a mild soap and water to clean the affected area thoroughly. This minimizes the risk of dirt entering the body through the wound created by the splinter. Permission: Always ask the affected person for their permission before providing assistance. Removing Small Splinters Small, barely visible splinters may resolve on their own in a few days. However, if you can see the splinter, consider these removal methods: Tweezers: Gently remove the splinter using tweezers. Alternatively, if it's partially exposed, apply sticky tape or a plaster over it and then carefully peel it off to extract the splinter. Dealing with Larger Splinters For more prominent splinters, follow these steps: Tweezers: Utilize tweezers to remove the larger splinter. Beforehand, clean the tweezers with alcohol wipes or a first aid disinfectant. Proper Extraction: When the splinter's end is visible, grip it carefully with the tweezers and pull it out in the same direction it entered the body, preventing it from breaking in two. After Removal Post-removal, ensure the following: Cleanse: Use a first aid wipe to clean the wound and consider applying a plaster if necessary. Facilitate Bleeding: Gently squeeze the sides of the wound to encourage bleeding, which can help flush out any lingering dirt. Seeking Medical Help If you encounter challenges while dealing with a splinter, or if any of the following situations arise, it's advisable to seek medical assistance: Unable to remove the entire splinter. Excessive bleeding from the wound. The splinter is embedded in a sensitive area or beneath a nail. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4169/Splinters-01.jpg Yes 94 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/foreign-objects-in-the-eye-ears-or-nose https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1529.mp4 Foreign objects in the eye, ears or nose First Aid for Eye, Ear, and Nose Foreign Objects Eye Foreign Objects If something like an eyelash, sand, dust, or an insect gets into the eye: Flush with Water: Gently hold the eye open and flush with clean or saline water. Positioning: Tip the head slightly to one side and pour water into the inner corner of the eye. Keep Dry: Place a towel around the shoulders to keep them dry. Seek Medical Help If: The foreign object cannot be flushed out. The object is on the white of the eye. Ear Foreign Objects If something is lodged in the ear: Positioning: Encourage the child to tip their head to one side to see if the item falls out. Medical Attention: Seek medical help if the item remains lodged in the ear. Important Note: Attempting to remove objects from the ear may cause damage to hearing and balance. Nose Foreign Objects If a child has something stuck in their nose: Do Not Attempt Removal: Do not let the child or anyone else attempt to remove it. Keep Calm: Keep the child calm and take them to the hospital immediately. Insect in the Ear: If an insect is in the ear: Positioning: Have the child tilt their head with the affected ear up. Flush with Water: Fill the ear with water to flush out the insect. Medical Advice: Seek medical advice if the insect does not float out. Important Note: Seek medical assistance promptly for any foreign objects that have penetrated or become stuck in sensitive areas like the eyes, ears, or nose. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2691/Foreign_objects_in_the_eye__ears_or_nose-01.jpg Yes 136 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/dealing-with-fainting https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1619.mp4 Dealing with Fainting Fainting: Causes, First Aid, and When to Seek Help Understanding Fainting Fainting, a temporary loss of consciousness, can occur when there is a brief reduction in blood flow to the brain. Learn about the potential causes and what to do when someone is about to faint: Possible Causes of Fainting There are various reasons why someone may faint, including: Anxiety Hunger Pregnancy Stress Tiredness Pain Excessive Heat Prolonged Standing or Sitting Immediate First Aid If someone feels like they are about to faint, take these steps: Lie Them Down: Help them lie down immediately to restore blood flow to the brain, avoiding sitting, which could lead to falls and injuries. Provide Fresh Air: If indoors, open a window to aid in recovery. Assisting a Fainted Person When someone has fainted, follow these measures: Lay Them on Their Back: Place them on their back. Raise Their Legs: Elevate their legs approximately thirty centimeters to enhance blood flow to the brain. Offer Support: Support their legs on your shoulder or with a suitable object (e.g., box or bag). Communicate Calmly: Explain the situation when they begin to recover, as they might feel confused or disoriented. Assist Them Gradually: Help them get up gradually to prevent another fainting episode. If they feel dizzy while getting up, have them lie down and elevate their legs until full recovery. When to Seek Medical Attention If the person does not regain consciousness promptly, open their airway, check for breathing, and follow the appropriate steps for treating an unconscious casualty. Contact emergency services if they have fallen and sustained injuries or if consciousness is not regained. It may also be wise to call a friend or family member to accompany them home. If the individual is in the later stages of pregnancy, have them lean towards their left side to prevent blood flow restriction back to the heart. Regular fainting episodes may indicate an underlying health issue, so consult a doctor if fainting occurs frequently or if there are any concerns. If someone faints during exercise or experiences a seizure following fainting, alert emergency medical services. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2869/Dealing_with_Fainting-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/paediatric-diabetic-emergencies https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/240.mp4 Diabetes overview Diabetes Explained: An Overview of the Growing Concern Diabetes arises when the body struggles to convert sugars into fuel, a result of insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin function. With its roots in modern lifestyle and dietary choices, the condition is seeing a significant surge in the UK. The Role of Insulin and Glucose Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is pivotal for converting glucose from carbohydrates into energy. Acting as a key, insulin allows glucose to enter cells. Carbohydrates, the primary source of glucose, are derived from varied foods including starches, fruits, dairy, and sugary foods. Diabetes in the UK: A Snapshot An alarming 25 million people in the UK are diabetic, with over half a million unaware of their condition. Main Types of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Characterised by the body's inability to produce insulin. Typically manifests before age 14. Represents 5% to 15% of diabetic cases. Common symptoms include extreme thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and blurred vision. Prevention is currently impossible. Type 2 Diabetes Arises when insulin production is inadequate or when produced insulin doesn’t function correctly (insulin resistance). Commonly associated with obesity. Typically seen in those over 40, but appearing in younger demographics, especially in South Asian and Afro-Caribbean populations. Constitutes 85% to 95% of all diabetes cases. Symptoms include blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, frequent urination, and leg pain. Managing Diabetes: Treatments and Complications With appropriate management via insulin, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle changes, diabetes can be well-controlled. However, complications can arise, primarily being hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia Condition of excessively high blood sugar levels. Immediate medical attention is required. In unconscious cases, position the patient safely and monitor their vitals. Symptoms include frequent urination, drowsiness, extreme hunger, and a fruity breath odour. Hypoglycaemia Occurs when blood sugar levels plummet. Immediate provision of sugar, through food or tablets, often stabilises the patient. Common symptoms are shaking, sweating, anxiety, extreme hunger, and irritability. Uncertain Sugar Levels: What to Do? If in doubt regarding a patient's blood sugar levels, it's advisable to administer sugar. This can raise levels if they're low without causing harm if they're high. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/427/Diabetes_overview-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/croup https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/423.mp4 Croup Understanding Croup in Children Overview of Croup Croup is an infection affecting the voice box (larynx) and the airway to the lungs (trachea). It is characterised by: Barking cough: Seal-like cough sound. Rasping breathing: Noisy breathing in. Hoarse voice and respiratory distress: Due to upper airway obstruction. Croup primarily affects: Children aged 6 months to 3 years old, though older children can also be affected. Boys more than girls. May recur multiple times during childhood. Management and Treatment Most cases of croup are self-limiting and improve without treatment: If distressed, sit the child upright to ease breathing. Home care: Provide comfort, fluids, and manage fever with paracetamol. Avoid smoke: Smoking and smoky environments can worsen symptoms. Avoid: Cough medicines and decongestants as they offer no benefit. Medication Guidelines For pain and fever management: Use liquid paracetamol for children, avoiding if sensitive or had adverse reactions. Ibuprofen can be used for children over 3 months old, weighing over 5kg, if not sensitive. Consult GP or pharmacist for guidance on painkiller suitability and dosages. When to Seek Medical Help Seek urgent medical assistance if: Child is struggling to breathe - call 999 or request an ambulance. Concerned about child's breathing - consult GP. Hospital Treatment In severe cases: Steroids: Given orally to reduce airway inflammation. Oxygen therapy: Administered to ease breathing. Intravenous fluids: If needed for hydration. Intubation: Rarely required, helps in severe respiratory distress. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/793/Croup-01.jpg Yes 245 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/types-of-fracture https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5423.mp4 Types of fracture Understanding Bone Fractures: Types and Characteristics Introduction Bones, though sturdy, are susceptible to fractures under certain conditions. The severity and nature of a fracture depend on various factors such as the force of impact and the individual's bone strength. Types of Fractures 1. Open or Compound Fracture Description: Bone breaks through the skin, posing a risk of excessive bleeding and infection. 2. Transverse Fracture Description: Bone breaks in a straight line across its width. 3. Stable Fracture Description: Broken bone ends align properly with minimal displacement. 4. Complicated Fracture Description: Injury extends beyond the bone, affecting surrounding tissues such as blood vessels and nerves. 5. Fracture-Dislocation Description: Joint dislocation accompanied by a fracture in one of the joint's bones. 6. Greenstick Fracture Description: Bone bends and breaks but remains partially connected. 7. Spiral Fracture Description: Break spirals around the bone, commonly observed in long bones. 8. Compression Fracture Description: Bone is crushed, resulting in a wider and flatter shape, often seen in the spine. 9. Stress Fracture (Hairline Fracture) Description: Tiny cracks in the bone surface, challenging to detect via standard X-rays. 10. Impact Fracture Description: Bone ends are driven together by force during impact. 11. Oblique Fracture Description: Diagonal fracture across the bone, common in long bones. 12. Comminuted Fracture Description: Bone shatters into three or more pieces with fragments at the break. 13. Avulsion Fracture Description: Tendon or ligament pulls a fragment of bone away. 14. Segmental Fracture Description: Bone fractures in two places, leaving a floating segment between the breaks, often observed in long bones. Treatment Considerations While understanding fracture types is beneficial, initial treatment typically follows similar protocols regardless of the specific fracture name. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9651/Types_of_fractures_of_the_body.jpg Yes 140 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/splints https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/996.mp4 Splints Using Splints to Immobilise a Fractured Limb Commercial Splints Commercial splints, such as the SAM splint, are available to immobilise a fractured limb. These splints are made of aluminium covered in foam. To avoid causing further injury or pain, open the splint and mould it to fit the injured limb without applying pressure. Securing the Splint Use tape to hold the splint in position, preventing movement of the arm and wrist (in this instance). Pneumatic Splints Pneumatic splints work differently. Here’s how to use them: Open the zip and wrap the splint around the limb. Zip it up while the splint is deflated. Once in position, inflate the splint by blowing into the valve. This will immobilise the limb and provide cushioning for patient comfort. You can adjust the pressure by adding more air or, if the splint is too tight, releasing some air after performing a capillary refill test. Makeshift Splints Most first aid kits do not include splints. If you need to immobilise a fracture and do not have a commercial splint, you can use a magazine or newspaper as an effective alternative. Secure it with micropore tape. If the splint is too tight, cut the tape and reapply. Supporting the Arm When dealing with an injury to the lower arm, use a triangular bandage to support the arm and keep it still. This will help the patient make their way to seek emergency medical assistance. Conclusion Using the correct technique to immobilise a fractured limb is crucial for preventing further injury and ensuring patient comfort. Whether using commercial splints, pneumatic splints, or makeshift alternatives, always prioritise the safety and well-being of the injured person. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1749/Splints-01.jpg Yes 320 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/burn-clingfilm https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/425.mp4 Treating a burn Treating Burns with Plastic Film Introduction Learn how to treat burns using plastic film as a protective covering. Materials Needed Burn film: Specialized burns film or regular plastic wrap for food storage. Scissors: Blunt-ended shears for cutting the film. Gloves: To maintain cleanliness during the procedure. Procedure Follow these steps when dealing with a burn using plastic film: Prepare the Film: Begin by removing any dirty or non-sterile sections of the film, ensuring a clean piece for use. Inspect the Burn: Check the burn site and remove any jewelry to prevent constriction due to swelling. Application: Layer the film gently over the burn, avoiding wrapping it tightly to accommodate potential swelling. Secure the Film: To prevent it from slipping, use a bandage to lightly secure the film in place, allowing easy removal if necessary. Additional Tips Reducing Pain: The film helps expel air and oxygen, reducing pain in the affected area. Transport: If transporting the patient to the hospital, ensure the film is securely in place but not too tight to account for swelling. Caution: Be cautious when applying the film to larger areas of the body to avoid unnecessary constriction. Remember, burns requiring plastic film treatment should be assessed by a medical professional as soon as possible. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/797/Treating_a_burn.jpg Yes 405 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/hand-washing https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/709.mp4 Hand Washing Proper Hand Washing Technique in Healthcare Importance of Effective Hand Washing Hand washing is a crucial practice in healthcare to maintain hygiene. While alcohol gels have their uses, they are limited in effectiveness. Proper hand washing with soap and water, followed by thorough drying, is essential for optimal cleanliness. Hand Washing Method Follow the recommended NHS technique for comprehensive hand washing. This method involves specific hand positions, with each action repeated five times: Hand Wetting: Start by thoroughly wetting both hands, ensuring water covers all areas to be washed. Soap Application: Apply a generous amount of soap to your wet hands. Rub your hands together to distribute the soap evenly. Position 1 - Circles: In this hand position, perform circular motions, repeating five times. Position 2 - Interlace and In-Between: Turn one hand over and interlace your fingers, focusing on the areas between the fingers. Repeat five times, then reverse hands. Position 3 - Palms and Fingers: Instead of the backs of your hands, focus on the front. Wash the palms and spaces between the fingers five times. Position 4 - Thumbs: Pay special attention to the thumbs, using a circular motion for thorough cleaning. Position 5 - Wrist: Finally, wash the wrists while gripping the height of the fingers with both hands. Repeat five times. Final Steps After thoroughly washing your hands: Drying: Use paper towels to dry your hands completely, ensuring no moisture remains. Tap Closure: Turn off the tap using your elbow to avoid recontaminating your hands. Dispose of Towel: Dispose of the paper towel in a designated bin. By following this hand washing technique, you can ensure your hands are clean and minimise the risk of infection transmission in healthcare settings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1215/Hand_Washing-01.jpg Yes 230 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/first-aid-and-infection-control https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1164.mp4 First Aid and Infection Control Minimising Bloodborne Virus Infection Risks in First Aid This guide outlines the precautions First Aiders should take to reduce the risk of infection from Bloodborne viruses during emergency medical situations. Risk of Infection in First Aid Understanding the risk level: The risk of transmitting HIV or HBV during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is extremely low, with no recorded cases. Precautions to Reduce Infection Risk Recommended safety measures for First Aiders: Cover skin cuts or grazes with waterproof dressings. Wear disposable gloves when handling blood or bodily fluids. Use eye protection and disposable aprons if there's a risk of splashing. Employ face shields for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if trained to do so. Wash hands thoroughly after each procedure. Use hand gel when handwashing facilities are unavailable. Immunisation Against HBV for First Aiders Guidance on HBV immunisation: Workplace risk assessments determine the necessity of HBV immunisation for First Aiders. Importance of Providing Treatment The importance of administering first aid: First Aiders should not hesitate to provide treatment due to fear of infection. Adhering to standard precautions ensures protection against Bloodborne viruses. Following these guidelines helps ensure the safety of both the First Aider and the patient during emergency medical situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1913/First_Aid_and_Infection_Control-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/face-shields-paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5421.mp4 Face shields and children Face Shields for CPR: Types and Usage Effective Protection during CPR Face shields are essential for protecting against contact with vomit, blood, or other substances during rescue breaths. Using Face Shields If you do not have a face shield or are uncomfortable giving rescue breaths, performing chest compressions alone is an alternative. Types of Face Shields Face shields come in two main types: Filter Paper: You blow through this type. One-Way Valve: Allows squeezing of the nose; both types are simple to use and prevent contact with substances. Portability and Accessibility Both types often include a pouch and keyring for easy access and are typically included in BSI first-aid kits. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another effective type of face shield: They seal around the face and use a one-way valve for ventilation. The mask is housed in a plastic case, easily removable by pushing to pop it up. An elastic strap secures the mask around the patient's head, ensuring a tight seal. Some models include a cap for oxygen delivery if available. Disposal Face shields are single-use items and should be disposed of safely after use to prevent contamination. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9637/Face_shields_and_children-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/what-is-an-auto-injector https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/495.mp4 What is an Auto-Injector? Anaphylaxis Treatment: The Importance of Auto-Injectors High Allergy Rates in the UK Understanding Allergy Prevalence: The UK has one of the highest global allergy percentages, increasing the likelihood of encountering individuals at risk of severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. The Vital Role of Adrenaline Natural "Fight or Flight" Chemical: Adrenaline, also known as the "fight or flight" hormone, plays a critical role in our bodies. It is produced in small amounts continuously, especially in response to nervousness or fear. Auto-Injectors and Adrenaline: Auto-injectors deliver a pre-measured adrenaline dose, significantly higher than the body's normal production. This rapid injection into the bloodstream helps reopen the patient's airway, facilitating breathing. Carrying Auto-Injectors: Individuals with severe allergies should always carry auto-injectors for immediate access in case of an anaphylactic reaction. Advantages of Auto-Injectors Speed and Precision: Auto-injectors save crucial time during an emergency, ensuring swift administration. Drawing medication from a vial with a conventional syringe is impractical during anaphylaxis. Pre-Measured Safety: Auto-injectors contain precisely measured adrenaline doses, eliminating the risk of underdosing or overdosing, which can occur with manual injections. Types of Auto-Injectors Universal Administration Site: All auto-injectors should be administered into the top quarter of the thigh, regardless of the specific brand or type. The EpiPen® Common and Easy to Use: The EpiPen® is a widely used auto-injector known for its simplicity and effectiveness in delivering adrenaline. The Jext® Another Reliable Option: The Jext® auto-injector is another popular choice, offering ease of use and reliability in treating anaphylaxis. The Emerade® A Notable Auto-Injector: The Emerade® is a prominent auto-injector in the market, known for its effectiveness in managing anaphylactic reactions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/991/What_is_an_Auto-Injector-01.jpg Yes 124 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/what-is-anaphyixis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/493.mp4 What is Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis Demystified Defining Anaphylaxis The NHS Perspective: The NHS National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence defines anaphylaxis as a "severe, life-threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction." Varying Susceptibility Not Allergic, Not Always Anaphylactic: Not everyone possesses allergies, and having allergies doesn't guarantee susceptibility to anaphylactic shock. Unpredictable Onset: Anaphylaxis can initiate suddenly within seconds, over minutes, or even hours after allergen exposure. Common Allergenic Culprits Food Triggers: Common food allergens encompass peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, citrus fruit, eggs, and dairy products like milk and cheese. Other Allergens: Additional allergenic sources include venom from insect stings or bites, medications (commonly antibiotics, aspirin, or ibuprofen), and substances like latex. Anaphylaxis Unveiled Distinctive Indications: Anaphylaxis manifests in specific ways, with breathing difficulties being a predominant symptom due to airway constriction. Breathing Distress: The condition leads to the narrowing of air passages in the lungs, impeding oxygen intake, resulting in rapid, shallow breathing. Cardiovascular Impact: Anaphylaxis can induce a drop in blood pressure, potentially causing fainting or unconsciousness as the body attempts to restore oxygen supply to the brain. Secondary Symptoms: Additional signs encompass an accelerated heartbeat, cold, clammy skin, confusion, or nausea. The severity of these symptoms correlates with the intensity of the reaction. Understanding the gravity of anaphylaxis and its triggers is essential for timely intervention. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1001/What_is_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 124 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/household-cleaning-products-poisoning-and-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2891.mp4 Household Cleaning Products Poisoning and first aid Preventing Household Poisoning in Children Risks and Awareness Thousands of children and infants require medical care each year due to poisoning from common household products. Most Vulnerable Group: Children under five, especially those aged one to three, are at the highest risk. UK Hospital Admissions: Approximately 15 children under five are admitted daily due to sudden poisoning incidents. Causes of Poisoning Young children are particularly vulnerable due to: Inquisitiveness and exploration leading to ingestion of household items. Copying behaviours, including handling dangerous products. Mistaking detergent capsules for toys or sweets, posing ingestion and eye irritation risks. Symptoms of Poisoning Serious poisoning may present with: Projectile vomiting Abdominal pain Drowsiness or reduced consciousness Breathing difficulties Seizures Immediate Actions for Suspected Poisoning Seek Medical Help: Contact emergency services immediately. Do Not: Allow the child to drink anything or induce vomiting. Preserve Evidence: Keep a sample of the substance if known. Unconscious Child: Attempt to wake them and encourage spitting out of pills. Chemical Burns: Rinse affected areas with cold water or milk. Providing Medical Information When seeking medical assistance, provide: Details of the substance ingested, timing, and quantity if known. Circumstances of ingestion (accidental or deliberate). Any observed symptoms like vomiting. Preventing Accidents with Household Cleaning Products Supervise Closely: Monitor children closely in home environments. Secure Storage: Store chemicals out of sight and reach, ideally in locked cupboards. Use Original Containers: Keep products in their original labelled containers. Immediate Disposal: Dispose of unwanted products safely and promptly. Separate Storage: Store cleaning products away from food and medicine. Follow Instructions: Use products strictly according to label instructions. Avoid Mixing: Do not mix household chemicals, as this can create hazardous gases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5295/Household_Cleaning_Products_Poisoning_and_first_aid-01.jpg Yes 208 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/poisons-and-food-poisoning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1359.mp4 Poisons and Food Poisoning Poisoning: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Poisoning, also known as toxin exposure, can occur through various methods including ingestion, skin absorption, inhalation, or direct contact with eyes or injection into the body. This article explores the nature of poisons, their effects, and appropriate response measures. Understanding Poisons A poison or toxin is any substance that can cause harm if introduced into the body in significant amounts. Poisons aren't limited to ingestion but can also be absorbed, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin or eyes. Types of Poisons Common poisons include household chemicals (cleaning products, detergents, bleaches), medications (prescription, over-the-counter, illegal drugs), and contaminated food or drinks. Symptoms of Poisoning The symptoms vary based on the type of poison and can include vomiting (sometimes with blood), nausea, diarrhoea, impaired consciousness, and physical signs like burns or blistering. Treatment for Poisoning Key steps in treating poisoning include identifying the poison, reassuring the victim, calling emergency services, and providing necessary first aid like CPR. It's crucial not to induce vomiting as it can worsen the condition. Food Poisoning Caused by contaminated food or drink, food poisoning symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, and sometimes shock. Treatment focuses on rest and rehydration. Preventing Dehydration Use rehydration powders mixed with water to help recover from fluid loss, especially important for vulnerable groups like the young, elderly, or in hot climates. When to Seek Medical Help Severe cases of food poisoning might require hospitalization. Always seek medical assistance if symptoms persist or worsen. Preventing Further Spread Ensure that others aren't affected by the same source of food poisoning. In some cases, it's necessary to report the incident to authorities or employers. Remember, quick and informed action can mitigate the risks associated with poisoning. Stay safe and educated! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2441/Poisons_and_Food_Poisoning-01.jpg Yes 239 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/types-of-head-injury-and-consciousness https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1530.mp4 Types of head injury and consciousness Head Injuries: First Aid Guide Introduction Head injuries are relatively common, and their severity may not always be immediately apparent to a first aider. It's crucial to handle them with caution due to the brain's sensitivity and the potential for spinal injury. 1. Suspecting Spinal Injury Always consider the possibility of spinal injury when dealing with head injuries. Assess the injury's circumstances carefully. 2. Assessing Consciousness with AVPU To gauge the patient's level of consciousness, use the AVPU scale: A - Alert: Are their eyes open, and do they respond to questions? V - Voice: Do they respond to voice or simple commands? P - Pain: Do they react to touch or pinching? U - Unresponsive: If they don't respond to voice or pain. Record your findings and reassess to report any changes to their condition. 3. Activating Emergency Services If you have any concerns or the head injury seems serious, activate the emergency services immediately. Head injuries can be severe. 4. Monitoring a Head Injury A head injury might not have an obvious site. Monitor the patient carefully as they may act out of character, potentially being aggressive. 5. Recognizing Concussion Concussion can result from head injuries. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and emergency treatment may be necessary. The common symptoms of concussion include: Nausea and loss of balance Confusion Memory difficulties Feeling dazed or stunned 6. Identifying Cerebral Compression Cerebral compression involves pressure on the brain due to swelling or bleeding, and it's a severe condition. It can be caused by head injuries, strokes, brain tumours, or infections. Signs and symptoms of cerebral compression include: Personality changes Deteriorating consciousness Slow and noisy breathing Intense headache Vomiting Drowsiness Unequal pupils Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body 7. Understanding Cerebral Contusion Cerebral contusion involves brain bruising, occurring in 20-30% of serious head injuries. It results from damaged blood vessels and can lead to motor coordination, numbness, and memory problems. 8. Recognizing Skull Fractures Skull fractures result from direct or indirect force, sometimes causing clear fluid or blood from ears and nose. Seek immediate medical attention in such cases. 9. Basic Treatment for Head Injuries The general approach for head injuries is consistent: Consider potential spinal injury. Treat any bleeding. Activate emergency services. Lie the patient down with head and shoulders raised. Monitor breathing. Avoid giving food or drink. 10. Dealing with Helmets If the patient is wearing a helmet (e.g., cycle, riding, or motorcycle helmet), leave it on unless it obstructs the airway or if they aren't breathing. If helmet removal is necessary, do it slowly and carefully with two people. Note any marks on the helmet as they may provide insight into the injury. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2693/Types_of_head_injury_and_consciousness-01.jpg Yes 389 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/epilepsy-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2428.mp4 Epilepsy treatment Epilepsy and Seizure First Aid Understanding Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition characterised by a propensity for recurrent, unprovoked convulsions, commonly referred to as seizures. Treatment approaches are generally consistent across most types of epilepsy. Dealing with Seizures Witnessing a seizure can be distressing, but as a first aider, your assistance is crucial. Follow these important steps: Protect: Safeguard the individual from harm by clearing the vicinity of dangerous objects. Cushion: Provide head support to prevent head injury. Time: Take note of the seizure's start and end times. Identification: Check for epilepsy identity cards or jewellery. Recovery Position: After the seizure, gently place them in the recovery position to aid breathing. Reassure: Offer calm reassurance throughout the process. Stay: Remain with the person until they fully recover. No Restraint: Avoid restraining or moving the person. Avoid Mouth Contact: Do not insert anything into the person's mouth. Minimize Movement: Only move them if there's imminent danger. No Food or Drink: Refrain from giving them food or drink until they are fully recovered. Avoid Waking: Do not attempt to rouse them. Monitoring and When to Call an Ambulance For all epilepsy types, continue monitoring the patient's breathing and pulse. Call for an ambulance under the following circumstances: First Seizure: It's their initial seizure. Long Duration: The seizure lasts longer than five minutes. Consecutive Seizures: Tonic-clonic seizures occur successively without consciousness recovery. Injury: The person sustains an injury during the seizure. Perceived Urgency: You believe immediate medical attention is necessary. In the rare event that the person stops breathing, activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and initiate CPR. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4625/Epilepsy_treatment-01.jpg Yes 158 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/anaphylaxis-patient-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3685.mp4 Anaphylaxis patient position Anaphylactic Reaction: Patient Recovery Positions Choosing the Right Position Selecting the Appropriate Position: Helping a patient recover from an anaphylactic reaction involves choosing the right position based on their condition. Using an Auto-Injector Auto-Injector Use: When administering an auto-injector, the patient should either lie flat or sit down for their safety and comfort. Semi-Recumbent Position Semi-Recumbent Option: If symptoms affect breathing, consider placing the patient in a semi-recumbent position, propped with pillows or resting on someone else. This position aids in easier breathing. Managing Low Blood Pressure Dealing with Low Blood Pressure: If the patient feels cold, dizzy, weak, or exhibits clamminess or sweating, they may have low blood pressure. Lay them down and elevate their legs, allowing blood to flow back to the head. Avoid sudden position changes, which can worsen their condition. Preventing Aspiration Minimizing Aspiration Risk: When lying the patient down, turn their head to the side to prevent inhalation of vomit in case of sudden sickness. Be prepared to turn them on their side if vomiting seems likely. If the patient loses consciousness, place them in the recovery position. If they stop breathing, commence CPR. Recovery Position Steps Transition to Recovery Position: To move the patient into the recovery position, follow these steps: Place the patient on their back. Take the hand closest to you and position it at a 90-degree angle from the body with the elbow bent. Lean across the patient and pull their other hand across the body by the thumb. Interlock your fingers and hold their hand against their face on your side. With your other hand, grip the leg farthest from you and raise it so the foot is flat on the floor. Move your hand to the far side of the knee and pull them toward you, using the leg as a lever while supporting their head with your other hand. Release their hand and tilt their head back to open the airway. Position their hand near their face to provide support. Adjust their leg for proper circulation and support. Ensure their airway is open and monitor breathing and vital signs until EMS arrives. Calling for Professional Help Contacting Emergency Services: Regardless of the patient's condition, always call EMS in cases of anaphylaxis, even if the patient's symptoms improve. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6587/Anaphylaxis_patient_position-01.jpg Yes 144 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/blister-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2278.mp4 Blister Care Dealing with Blisters: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention Understanding Blisters Discover the origins of blisters and their various causes. Causes of Blisters Explore the factors that lead to blister formation: Friction: Learn how poorly fitting shoes and physical activities can trigger friction blisters. Skin Reactions: Understand how exposure to heat, burns, sunburn, and certain chemicals can cause skin reaction blisters. Medical Conditions: Discover medical conditions like chickenpox, cold sores, and hand, foot, and mouth disease that may result in blisters. Treating Blisters Learn effective methods for blister treatment: Protect and Preserve Key steps to safeguard and aid the healing process: Use of Plaster or Blister Dressing: Shield the blister without bursting it to prevent infection and further damage. Avoid Bursting: Understand the importance of keeping the blister intact as it serves to protect the skin. Natural Healing: Allow the blister to gradually reduce as the body absorbs the fluid and the top skin naturally sheds. Handling Burst Blisters: Proper care when a blister has burst, including washing with water and applying a sterile dressing. Seeking Medical Attention Instances when it's necessary to consult a Doctor or Nurse: Severe Pain: When blisters become extremely painful. Infection: Cases where blisters get infected. Recurring Blisters: When new blisters keep appearing. Specific Causes: Blisters resulting from sunburn, burns, scalds, or allergic reactions. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed for treating infections. Blood Blisters Tips for managing blood blisters: If a blood blister is painful, applying an ice pack for 10-30 minutes may provide relief, but use caution to avoid skin damage due to extreme cold. Preventing Blisters Proactive measures to reduce the risk of blister development: Foot Care: Keep feet dry and choose well-fitting shoes. Sports and Exercise: Wear thicker wool socks and avoid new, unbroken-in shoes. Hand Protection: Use gloves to shield hands from potential blisters. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4047/Blister_Care-01.jpg Yes 144 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/dislocated-shoulders-and-joints https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/866.mp4 Dislocated Shoulders and Joints How to Immobilise a Dislocated Shoulder Introduction In this guide, we will demonstrate the proper technique for immobilising a dislocated shoulder to minimize movement and provide initial support. Using a Sling When a shoulder becomes dislocated, it's essential to restrict sideways motion and position the arm for stability. Follow these steps: Step 1: Retrieve a sling from a standard first aid kit, as demonstrated in the accompanying video. Step 2: Carefully place the arm in a resting position within the sling. Securing the Arm After positioning the arm in the sling, the next crucial step involves securing it in place to prevent outward movement from the front of the body: Step 1: Obtain a second triangular bandage. Step 2: Gently wrap the bandage around the body, ensuring that it firmly holds the arm in position. This immobilisation technique helps keep the arm stable and ready for safe transport to Emergency Medical Services. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1507/Dislocated_Shoulders_and_Joints-01.jpg Yes 90 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/testing-blood-sugar---live https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4383.mp4 Testing Blood Sugar - Live Managing Diabetes: Blood Glucose Testing and Insulin Administration Starting Blood Glucose Testing When I first began testing my blood glucose levels, it was a daunting task. The idea of pricking my finger with what I imagined was a huge needle was intimidating, but in reality, the needle is tiny. Sitting there, I would think, "I'll do it in a minute," but it doesn't hurt as much as you'd expect. Frequency of Testing I test my blood glucose levels two or three times a day. If I am experiencing a hypo or approaching a hyperglycaemic state, I test more frequently. Fingers can become sore, especially if you use the same pads repeatedly. I use my left hand since I'm right-handed, making it easier to handle the needle. It's a bit uncomfortable, but manageable. Overcoming the Fear of Injections Initially, I was very scared of injecting myself. At the hospital, they gave me a rubber ball to practise on. I inject into my stomach, though some prefer their legs. Injecting in the stomach is easier for me and doesn't really hurt. The idea that it stings is largely a myth; you get used to it quickly. Blood Glucose Testing Process This is my diabetes case: The device that measures blood glucose contains the needle for finger pricking. Insert a test strip into the device, which prepares itself automatically. Prime the needle, place it on your finger, and press the button to pierce the skin. Squeeze your finger to produce a drop of blood and apply it to the test strip. For instance, my reading came out at 7.8, a bit high. Ideally, it should be around 6. I'll monitor it throughout the day, test again after lunch, drink water, and use insulin if necessary to lower it. Using the Insulin Pen If I need to take insulin, this is the pen I use: Shake the pen to mix the insulin. Remove the needle cap and screw the needle onto the pen. Prime the pen to the required dosage, typically 50 units in the evening or 10 units for a daytime top-up. Inject into the stomach, pressing the button to deliver the insulin. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7943/Testing_Blood_Sugar_-_Live-01.jpg Yes 224 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/testing-blood-sugar https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4351.mp4 Testing Blood Sugar Monitoring Blood Glucose Levels: Managing Diabetes Effectively The Importance of Blood Glucose Monitoring Knowing the level of glucose in their blood allows individuals with diabetes to manage their condition more effectively. This monitoring provides greater control and helps detect early signs of hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Using Finger-Pricking Devices Finger-pricking devices are automatic tools used by people with diabetes to test their blood sugar. These devices use a lancet, a very short and fine needle, to pierce the skin and extract a blood sample. Preparation and Sterilisation Since the skin is a natural barrier against infection, it is crucial to sterilise both the site to be pierced and the lancet. An alcohol pad or wipe is typically used to clean the area beforehand. Collecting the Blood Sample Only one drop of blood is needed to test sugar levels. Initially, the process might be painful, but individuals quickly adapt. It's essential to use a new test strip each time to ensure the blood sample is fresh and uncontaminated. Tips for Blood Collection For some people, sitting down and lowering their hand can help if blood flow is restricted. This simple adjustment can make the process easier and more effective. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7799/Testing_Blood_Sugar-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/diabetic-complications https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4348.mp4 Diabetic Complications Potential Complications of Diabetes: Risks and Prevention Increased Risk of Heart Disease and Stroke Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to a wide range of health problems. Individuals with diabetes are up to five times more likely to develop heart disease or suffer a stroke. This increased risk is related to the intake of fatty and high-sugar foods. Atherosclerosis Prolonged high blood glucose levels increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis, a condition where blood vessels become clogged and narrowed by fatty substances. This can result in: Angina: Chest pain due to a reduced blood supply to the coronary arteries. Stroke: Caused when a build-up of fatty substances breaks off from an artery wall, travels to the brain, and causes a blockage. Nerve Damage Hyperglycaemia can lead to nerve damage. If this damage is limited to the peripheral nervous system (excluding the brain and spine), it is known as peripheral neuropathy. Other Complications Additional complications of diabetes include: Diabetic Retinopathy: Eye damage affecting the retina, leading to vision changes and potential blindness if untreated. Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease caused by high blood sugar damaging the kidney filters (nephrons). Foot Problems: Resulting from poor circulation and nerve damage. Sexual Dysfunction: Due to blood vessel and nerve damage. Diabetic Retinopathy The retina, a light-sensitive part of the eye, requires a constant blood supply provided by small blood vessels. High blood sugar levels can damage these vessels, leading to three stages of retinopathy: Early Stage: Tiny bleeds with minimal impact on vision. Intermediate Stage: More significant changes affecting vision. Advanced Stage: Formation of weak scar tissue and blood vessels, potentially leading to blindness. Early detection and lifestyle changes can prevent further deterioration. Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition caused by diabetes, where high blood sugar damages the kidney's filtering units (nephrons). Symptoms include: Tiredness Shortness of breath Swollen ankles, feet, and hands Changes in urination patterns Blood in the urine Nausea Seek medical help if these symptoms occur alongside diabetes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7793/Diabetic_Complications-01.jpg Yes 167 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/type-2-diabetes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4347.mp4 Type 2 Diabetes Understanding Type 2 Diabetes: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment What is Type 2 Diabetes? Although the end result is similar, Type 2 diabetes is quite different from Type 1. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes desensitised to insulin. This type accounts for up to 90% of all diabetes cases. Risk Factors Certain ethnic backgrounds have a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, including: Southern Asian Chinese African-Caribbean African People from these backgrounds are also more likely to develop the condition at a younger age, even if they were born in the UK. Having a close relative with Type 2 diabetes increases the likelihood of developing the condition. Additionally, being overweight or obese significantly raises the risk, which is why doctors often recommend dieting and exercise for those who are not at a healthy weight. Treatment Options Insulin Injections Treatment for Type 2 diabetes is more complex than for Type 1, as the body becomes desensitised to insulin. While some cases do require insulin injections, this is not the primary treatment method. Lifestyle Changes The main way to treat Type 2 diabetes is through lifestyle changes. By controlling sugar intake, individuals can maintain healthy blood glucose levels. This often involves a balanced diet and regular exercise. Medication Many people with Type 2 diabetes also take medication to lower their blood glucose levels. The most commonly used medication is metformin, although other medications may be prescribed depending on individual needs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7791/Type_2_Diabetes-01.jpg Yes 95 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/type-1-diabetes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4346.mp4 Type 1 Diabetes Understanding Type 1 Diabetes: Causes, Hereditary Factors, and Treatment What is Type 1 Diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy body tissue, perceiving it as harmful. In the case of Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin. Impact on the Body As a result of this autoimmune attack, no insulin can be produced. This is problematic because insulin is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels and allow the body to store glucose. Without insulin, glucose levels in the bloodstream remain high. Unknown Causes The exact reason why the immune system attacks beta cells is still unknown. However, extensive research is ongoing to understand the underlying causes of this autoimmune response. Hereditary Factors Type 1 diabetes can be hereditary, but the chances of developing it are relatively low. If a close relative has Type 1 diabetes, there is about a 6% chance of developing the condition, compared to approximately 0.5% for those without a close relative with the condition. Treatment Options Pancreatic Transplant While a pancreatic transplant could theoretically cure Type 1 diabetes, it is rarely performed due to the risks associated with surgery and the long waiting list. Insulin Therapy The most common treatment for Type 1 diabetes is insulin therapy, typically administered via an insulin pump or injections. There are two main types of insulin administration: Long-acting insulin: Taken once or twice daily to provide the body with a steady supply of insulin regardless of food intake. Short-acting insulin: Taken after consuming food or drinks high in carbohydrates to manage blood glucose levels. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7789/Type_1_Diabetes-01.jpg Yes 112 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/hypoglycaemia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4345.mp4 Hypoglycaemia Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Sugar) – Causes, Signs and Treatment The opposite of having high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) is having low blood sugar, known as hypoglycaemia. Like hyperglycaemia, it most commonly affects people with diabetes, but it can occur in anyone under certain conditions. What Is Hypoglycaemia? Hypoglycaemia occurs when a person’s blood glucose level falls below 4 millimoles per litre (mmol/L). It is more common in people with diabetes who are treated with insulin, but it may also develop due to: Prolonged fasting or skipping meals. Excessive alcohol consumption. Critical illness or severe underlying medical conditions. As with hyperglycaemia, untreated hypoglycaemia can be very dangerous. If not managed quickly, it can lead to seizures, coma or even death. The good news is that mild to moderate episodes are usually quick and simple to treat if recognised early. Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia Hypoglycaemia typically has a very rapid onset, which can help distinguish it from hyperglycaemia, where symptoms usually develop more slowly. Common signs and symptoms of low blood sugar include: Noticeable changes in behaviour, such as irritability, confusion or unusual agitation. Hunger or a sudden strong desire to eat. Cold, sweaty or clammy skin. Rapid pulse but a normal breathing rate. Any combination of these symptoms, especially with a known history of diabetes, should raise suspicion of hypoglycaemia. Immediate First Aid for Hypoglycaemia While severe cases of hypoglycaemia may require emergency medical help, many mild to moderate episodes can be treated quickly and effectively. For Adults and Older Children People who are prone to hypoglycaemia, such as those with diabetes, are usually advised to carry a quick source of sugar with them at all times. This may include: Glucose gels. Glucose tablets. A quick-release high-sugar snack, such as a chocolate bar or a sugary drink. If symptoms of hypoglycaemia are present and the person is conscious and able to swallow safely: Give them a rapid-acting sugary food or drink as soon as possible. Wait around 10–15 minutes, then re-test their blood glucose level if they have a meter available. If their level is still low, repeat a quick source of sugar and monitor closely. If the person’s condition does not improve, if they become drowsy, confused, or lose consciousness, call the emergency services immediately. For Young Children In young children, if hypoglycaemia is suspected and they are conscious and able to swallow, you may give around half a teaspoon (about 2.5 grams) of sugar, for example: Placed carefully under the tongue, or Dissolved in a small amount of water if easier for the child to manage. Continue to observe the child closely and seek medical advice if there is no improvement or symptoms worsen. When to Call for Emergency Help You should call emergency medical services (999 in the UK) if: The person becomes unconscious or is difficult to rouse. They have a seizure. They are unable to swallow safely or keep food or drink down. There is no improvement after giving quick-acting sugar and waiting 10–15 minutes. Hypoglycaemia can be life-threatening if ignored, but with early recognition and prompt treatment, most episodes can be managed safely and effectively. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7787/Hypoglycaemia.jpg Yes 118 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/hyperglycaemia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4344.mp4 Hyperglycaemia Understanding Hyperglycaemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Emergency Response What is Hyperglycaemia? Hyperglycaemia is the medical term for high blood glucose levels. According to the World Health Organisation, hyperglycaemia is defined as having blood glucose levels greater than 7.0 millimoles per litre when fasting, or greater than 11.0 millimoles per litre two hours after meals. Who is Affected? Hyperglycaemia most commonly affects people with diabetes, but it can also occur in individuals without the condition. Various factors other than eating can cause hyperglycaemia, including: Missing doses of medication Stress Infections or illness Overtreating hypoglycaemia Why is Hyperglycaemia Serious? Hyperglycaemia is classified as a medical emergency due to the potential for serious complications if not treated promptly. These complications include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), which will be discussed in more detail later. Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of hyperglycaemia include: Rapid but weak pulse Dry, warm skin Rapid breathing Extreme thirst Unlike hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia has a gradual onset of symptoms, which is a key way to differentiate between the two. Additionally, a person with hyperglycaemia may have sweet-smelling breath due to excess sugar in their system. First Aid Response First Aid for hyperglycaemia is limited. However, if you suspect someone is experiencing hyperglycaemia, you should call 999 immediately for emergency medical assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7785/Hyperglycaemia-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/how-is-glucose-stored-in-the-body https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4343.mp4 How is Glucose Stored in the Body? Glucose Storage and Conversion: The Role of Glycogen and Insulin in Diabetes How the Body Stores Glucose To ensure a constant supply of glucose for energy, our bodies store as much glucose as possible. This is achieved by converting small glucose molecules into long chains called glycogen. Digestion and Absorption After consuming food, our bodies digest it into its constituent molecules. These molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to where they are needed, including glucose, which is converted into glycogen for storage. Structure and Benefits of Glycogen Glycogen is a highly branched molecule, allowing it to be quickly converted back into glucose. Its compact structure makes it efficient for storage in small spaces. Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and skeletal muscles. The Conversion Process The conversion of glycogen to glucose occurs via the Second Messenger Model and is facilitated by the enzyme Glucagon. Conversely, the conversion of glucose into glycogen is enabled by the enzyme Insulin. Both enzymes are produced in the pancreas by cells in the Islets of Langerhans. Regulation of Blood Sugar Levels When blood sugar levels are too high, the body secretes more insulin; when they are too low, more glucagon is released. In diabetes, there are issues with insulin production or sensitivity: Type 1 Diabetes: The body does not produce insulin. Type 2 Diabetes: The body loses its sensitivity to insulin. The Importance of Monitoring Blood Sugar Due to insulin-related problems, individuals with diabetes need to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels. A non-diabetic person should have a blood glucose level of: 4.0 to 5.4 millimoles per litre when fasting Up to 7.8 millimoles per litre up to 2 hours after eating This frequent testing helps manage and maintain safe blood sugar levels. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7783/How_is_Glucose_Stored_in_the_Body-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/why-is-glucose-so-important https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4342.mp4 Why is Glucose So Important? The Role of Glucose in Aerobic Respiration and Life Processes What Are Blood Sugar Levels? Blood sugar levels refer to the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Glucose, with the chemical formula C6H12O6, exists in two forms: Alpha Glucose and Beta Glucose. The Importance of Glucose Glucose is essential for proper bodily function as it is the main reactant in aerobic respiration, alongside oxygen. New supplies of glucose are constantly needed, which is why we breathe continuously to regenerate this supply. Respiration: A Key Characteristic of Life Respiration is one of the seven key characteristics of life, remembered by the mnemonic MRS GREN: Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition At least four of these characteristics are related to glucose uptake and use, which are critical in understanding diabetes. The Process of Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration involves four main stages: Glycolysis The Link Reaction The Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation Another type of respiration, anaerobic respiration, occurs when oxygen is not present. Reactants in Respiration While other reactants like fats and proteins can be used, glucose is the most common starting reactant in aerobic respiration. This is because it does not produce harmful by-products and is used by most living organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria. Products of Aerobic Respiration The main products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water. Additionally, this process generates numerous molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an unstable molecule that serves as the energy source for many bodily functions. The Efficiency of ATP Production One molecule of glucose produces 38 molecules of ATP during aerobic respiration, making it a highly efficient process. In contrast, anaerobic respiration produces only 2 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule, highlighting the importance of a constant oxygen supply. The Role of ATP ATP provides energy for vital bodily processes such as digestion, cell division, and muscle contractions, allowing movement. Glucose supplies the energy required for these processes, making it essential for life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7781/Why_is_Glucose_So_Important-01.jpg Yes 160 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/what-is-diabetes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4340.mp4 What is Diabetes? Understanding Diabetes: Types, Diagnosis, and Prevalence What is Diabetes? Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a condition that affects blood sugar levels in an individual. The two main types of diabetes are Type 1 and Type 2. Although other types exist, they are much rarer. Types of Diabetes Diabetes is diagnosed by testing blood sugar levels. Technically, there are only diabetic and non-diabetic diagnoses, but there is a middle ground where diabetes appears to be developing, known as pre-diabetes. Hereditary Factors While most types of diabetes are not hereditary, an individual's DNA can influence the risk of developing the condition. Prevalence of Diabetes According to Diabetes UK, more than 5 million people could have diabetes in the UK by 2025. Currently, around 400 million adults worldwide are affected by diabetes. In the UK, someone is diagnosed with diabetes every two minutes, and more than 500 people with the condition die prematurely each week. One in 15 people in the UK have diabetes, and approximately 1 million people are living undiagnosed. Distribution of Diabetes Types 90% of people with diabetes have Type 2 8% have Type 1 2% have rarer types of diabetes Famous People with Diabetes Many famous individuals live with diabetes, including Nick Jonas, Theresa May, and Tom Hanks. Raising Awareness To raise awareness of diabetes, World Diabetes Day takes place on the 14th of November each year. Consider what you can do to help raise awareness and support those affected by diabetes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7777/What_is_Diabetes-01-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/what-to-do-in-an-asthma-emergency https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4929.mp4 What to do in an Asthma Emergency Responding to an Asthma Attack: Emergency Steps and Precautions Understanding the Urgency of Asthma Attacks An asthma attack is a critical medical emergency due to the risk of oxygen deprivation. Prompt action is essential to restore healthy oxygen flow. Effects of Oxygen Deprivation Oxygen deprivation can cause faintness, loss of consciousness, and even brain cell death within minutes, leading to potential brain damage or death. Immediate Actions During an Asthma Attack Calming the person to reduce stress and strain on the body. Ensuring they sit down to relieve physical stress and aid breathing. Assisting with their prescribed medication, typically inhalers. Using Inhalers Correctly Inhalers relax the muscles in the bronchioles, improving air flow. Advise the person to use their reliever inhaler every 30 to 60 seconds, up to 10 times. When to Call for an Ambulance Call for emergency services if symptoms worsen after using the inhaler 10 times, the person doesn't have an inhaler, or falls unconscious. Additional Emergency Measures Loosening tight clothing around the neck. Staying on the phone with emergency services until help arrives. Starting resuscitation if the person becomes unconscious. Conclusion Recognizing and appropriately responding to an asthma attack can save lives. Calming the person, assisting with medication, and knowing when to call for help are crucial steps. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8779/What_to_do_in_an_Asthma_Emergency-01.jpg Yes 151 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/when-an-asthma-inhaler-is-not-available https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2637.mp4 When an Asthma inhaler is not available Managing Asthma Attacks: First Aid and Preventive Measures Handling an Asthma Attack Without an Inhaler What to do when a patient lacks an inhaler or it's empty during an asthma attack. Locate Replacement Medication: Check for available replacement medications or send someone to retrieve them. Call for Professional Help: Dial EMS immediately as inhalers are the primary treatment. Immediate First Aid Essential steps to control an asthma attack before professional help arrives. Stop and Sit Upright: Advise the patient to stop activities and sit upright to ease breathing. Breathing Techniques: Instruct deep, slow breaths through the nose and out through the mouth to prevent hyperventilation. Humidify the Air: Consider moving the patient to a steamy environment like a bathroom with a running shower. Keep Calm: Stress exacerbates symptoms, so reassure and comfort the patient to relax chest muscles. Remove Triggers: If possible, relocate the patient away from asthma triggers like dust or smoke. Hot Caffeinated Drinks: Sip on hot, caffeinated beverages to help open airways temporarily. Seek Professional Help: Remember, this is a temporary measure; professional assistance is crucial. Maintaining Inhaler Effectiveness Tips to ensure inhalers are ready and effective when needed. Keep It Clean: Maintain inhaler cleanliness and keep the cover on to prevent dust and dirt ingress. Clean Spacer: If using a spacer, ensure it stays clean and dry for optimal function. Check Medication: Confirm that the inhaler contains medication, not just propellant. Carry a Spare Canister: Always have a spare canister when the level is low. Collect Latest Prescription: Regularly collect prescriptions from the chemist to ensure a fresh supply. Carry a Spare Inhaler: When traveling, have a spare inhaler for emergencies. School Inhaler Management: Schools with inhalers must maintain proper documentation and adequate supplies. Use Correct Inhaler: Ensure the right inhaler is used at the appropriate times. Correct Inhaler Technique: Educate on proper inhaler use to avoid blowing instead of inhaling. Check Expiry Dates: Ensure the inhaler is not expired, as it may lose effectiveness. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4689/When_an_Asthma_inhaler_is_not_available-01.jpg Yes 221 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/asthma-spacers https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2205.mp4 Asthma Spacers Asthma Spacers: A Comprehensive Guide Understanding Asthma Spacers An asthma spacer is a sizeable plastic or occasionally metal device with a mouthpiece at one end and an opening at the other, designed to be used with aerosol inhalers. They facilitate the delivery of a metered dose of medication into the lungs, ensuring precise dosing. Types of Asthma Spacers Various types of asthma spacers are available, some equipped with face masks for use with infants. The essential training for using a spacer should be provided by a medical professional. How Asthma Spacers Work The medication is loaded into the spacer, where it accumulates. The user then inhales from the spacer, eliminating the need for precise timing and speed during inhalation. Spacers prevent medication from settling in the mouth or throat, ensuring it reaches the lungs. Spacers enhance drug efficiency by slowing down intake, allowing it to penetrate deeper into the lungs. They are equally as fast as standard inhalers in emergency situations. Spacers also reduce side effects by minimizing drug absorption into other body parts. They can help reduce side effects like oral thrush, which is particularly common in children using inhalers. How to Use an Asthma Spacer While actual user training should be conducted by a medical professional, the basic steps for using a spacer are as follows: Remove the cap and shake the inhaler. Insert the inhaler into the spacer. Breathe out gently as long as comfortable. Place the mouthpiece between your teeth and lips, creating a seal to prevent medicine escape. Depress the canister to release one puff of medicine into the spacer. Breathe in slowly and steadily through the mouthpiece (not forcefully). Remove the spacer from your mouth and hold your breath for 10 seconds (or as comfortable), then breathe out slowly. If a second dose is needed, wait 30 seconds, then repeat the steps above. Alternatively, if holding your breath is challenging, follow steps 1 to 6, and then: Keep the spacer in your mouth with your lips sealed around it. Breathe in and out of the mouthpiece five times. Repeat these steps for each required dose. When using spacers with children, it's essential to explain the process clearly and encourage their involvement: Remove the cap and shake the inhaler, allowing your child to assist. Insert the inhaler into the spacer. Place the mouthpiece between your child’s teeth and lips, ensuring a secure seal. Press the canister once to release one puff of your child’s inhaler medicine into the spacer. Have your child breathe in and out of the mouthpiece five times. Repeat from step 2 for each inhaler puff, remembering to shake the inhaler before each use. Cleaning Your Asthma Spacer Proper cleaning is crucial for maintaining the spacer's effectiveness: Use detergent for cleaning, taking care not to scrub and damage the device. Air dry the spacer. Despite potential cloudiness over time, spacers can last many months. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your medical professional. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4007/Asthma_spacers-01.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/the-blue-inhaler https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4924.mp4 The Blue Inhaler Essential Guide to the Blue Asthma Reliever Inhaler The blue asthma inhaler, widely recognized as the reliever inhaler, is a crucial component in managing asthma symptoms and emergencies. Identification and Purpose of the Blue Inhaler Known for its distinctive appearance, the blue inhaler is specifically designed to provide quick relief during asthma symptoms or attacks. Correct Usage and Accessibility Proper Administration: Correct usage, as instructed by healthcare professionals, is vital for effectiveness. Accessibility: Keeping the inhaler readily available at all times is essential for prompt response during emergencies. Bronchodilators: The Key Medication Bronchodilators such as salbutamol and terbutaline are the active drugs in reliever inhalers, working to relax the muscles around the airways. Types of Blue Inhalers Similar to preventative inhalers, blue reliever inhalers come in various forms including MDIs, DPIs, and BAIs, catering to different preferences. Variants and Alternatives Apart from standard designs, some blue inhalers may have unique shapes or branding, like the Accuhaler, which is disc-shaped. Salbutamol vs Terbutaline While both drugs are effective bronchodilators, salbutamol is often preferred due to its lower cost, with no significant difference in function. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8769/the_blue_inhaler-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/the-brown-inhaler https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4925.mp4 The Brown Inhaler A Comprehensive Guide to Asthma Preventative Inhalers For those living with asthma, understanding the role and proper use of preventative inhalers is essential for effective management of the condition. The Brown Asthma Inhaler: A Preventative Tool The brown asthma inhaler, commonly used as a preventive measure, is crucial in reducing the sensitivity of airways to asthma triggers. Effective Usage and Importance Regular Use: Consistent usage as prescribed is key to preventing asthma attacks. Proper Inhalation Technique: Incorrect usage can diminish the effectiveness of the medication. Corticosteroids: The Active Medication Corticosteroids, the medication in preventative inhalers, play a vital role in reducing airway inflammation. Varieties of Preventative Inhalers Different types of inhalers are available to cater to varying needs and preferences, including metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry-powder inhalers (DPIs), and breath-actuated inhalers (BAIs). Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs) MDIs, commonly used by children, deliver medication in aerosol form and require precise coordination for effective use. Dry-Powder Inhalers (DPIs) and Breath-Actuated Inhalers (BAIs) DPIs and BAIs offer alternative methods of delivering the medication, suitable for different age groups and user preferences. Steroid Pills: An Alternative to Inhalers In some cases, steroid pills may be prescribed, particularly effective in children but with considerations regarding resistance to certain diseases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8771/The_Brown_Inhaler-01.jpg Yes 100 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/severe-asthma https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4928.mp4 Severe Asthma Severe Asthma: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management Severe asthma, affecting approximately 5% of asthma patients, presents unique management challenges due to its resistance to standard therapies and frequent severe symptoms. Characteristics of Severe Asthma Severe asthma is often therapy-resistant, leading to more frequent and intense symptoms and a higher likelihood of serious asthma attacks. Persistent Symptoms in Severe Asthma Chronic Breathlessness: Continuous struggle with breathing. Frequent Severe Attacks: Increased susceptibility to life-threatening asthma attacks. Emergency Medical Intervention Severe asthma attacks often necessitate immediate medical attention and potential hospitalization. Diagnosing Severe Asthma Determining if an individual has severe asthma involves comprehensive testing and evaluation in a specialist setting. Diagnostic Process for Severe Asthma Assessment of Underlying Conditions: Examination for other medical issues contributing to asthma severity. Response to Medications: Testing effectiveness of various asthma treatments. Role of Specialist Asthma Clinics Specialized clinics with multidisciplinary teams are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for severe asthma. Understanding Asthma Fluctuations Recognizing that asthma severity can vary over time is crucial. Not all symptom flare-ups indicate severe asthma; they may represent temporary exacerbations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8777/Severe_Asthma-01.jpg Yes 82 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/asthma-signs-and-symptoms https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4922.mp4 Asthma Signs and Symptoms Understanding Asthma: Symptoms and Attack Management Asthma presents with varying intensity for different individuals, from occasional flare-ups to frequent severe attacks. Recognizing and understanding these symptoms and their escalation during an asthma attack is crucial for effective management. Variability of Asthma Symptoms Asthma symptoms differ in frequency and intensity among individuals, with some experiencing frequent attacks and others having only occasional flare-ups. Common Signs and Symptoms Wheezing: Noticeable during breathing due to airway narrowing. Breathlessness: Persistent or intermittent, affecting daily activities. Coughing: Persistent or irregular, often worsening at night or around triggers. Chest Tightness: A sensation of heaviness or tightness in the chest. Identifying Asthma Symptoms These symptoms, particularly when persistent or triggered by specific factors, may indicate asthma. Asthma Attacks: Recognizing Severe Symptoms Asthma attacks present with intensified symptoms, requiring immediate attention and management. Severe Symptoms of an Asthma Attack Extreme Breathlessness: Difficulty performing simple tasks. Chest Pain: Aggravated pain making activities challenging. Distress: Visible signs of distress due to respiratory difficulty. Sympathetic Nervous System Response Physical responses like pale skin, dilated pupils, and sweating are indicative of the body's stress response. Advanced Symptoms of a Worsening Asthma Attack Altered Mental State: Signs of dizziness, drowsiness, or confusion. Cyanosis: Blue lips and extremities, indicating severe oxygen deprivation. Potential Unconsciousness: Extreme cases may lead to loss of consciousness. Risks of Severe Asthma Attacks In critical situations, asthma attacks can be life-threatening and require urgent medical intervention. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8763/Asthma_Signs_and_Symptoms-01.jpg Yes 120 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/how-asthma-affects-the-respiratory-system https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4923.mp4 How Asthma Affects the Respiratory System Asthma Explained: Symptoms and Asthma Attacks Asthma is a condition with varying symptoms, often influenced by inflammation within the respiratory system. Understanding these symptoms and what happens during an asthma attack is key to managing the condition effectively. Symptoms of Asthma Asthma symptoms are not constant; they fluctuate, with periods of wellness and exacerbation. Inflammation in the Respiratory System Bronchial Inflammation: The bronchi and bronchioles become inflamed, leading to respiratory distress. Mucous Gland Swelling: Asthmatics have swollen mucous glands, contributing to airway obstruction. Narrowing of the Airways The combination of inflamed bronchi and swollen mucous glands results in a narrowed airway, often manifesting as a wheeze or cough. Body's Response to Narrowed Airways Similar to the body's reaction to a cold, asthmatics may experience coughing as an attempt to clear the airways, although this is often ineffective due to the nature of the condition. What Happens During an Asthma Attack? An asthma attack is a severe exacerbation of the condition, significantly impacting breathing. Muscle Contraction and Mucous Overproduction Airway Constriction: During an attack, the muscles in the bronchi and bronchioles contract, further narrowing the airways. Excessive Mucous: The glands produce thick mucous, exacerbating airway narrowing and complicating breathing. Consequences of an Asthma Attack The combination of airway constriction and mucous overproduction can dangerously restrict oxygen supply to the lungs, making breathing exceedingly difficult. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8767/How_Asthma_Affects_the_Respiratory_System-01.jpg Yes 113 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/the-respiratory-system- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4921.mp4 The Respiratory System The Respiratory System Explained The respiratory system is crucial for human survival, enabling the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide. Any obstruction or malfunction within this system can have serious consequences. Anatomy of the Respiratory System A closer look at the components and functioning of the human respiratory system. Pathway of Air Inhalation: Air enters through the nose or mouth, travels down the throat into the pharynx, and then proceeds to the larynx. Trachea and Bronchi: Air moves down the trachea and into the chest, where it is divided into the lungs via two bronchi. Bronchioles and Alveoli The bronchi further branch into numerous bronchioles, each ending in an alveolus. These tiny air sacs, numbering around 300 million in adult lungs, are where the critical gas exchange occurs. Gas Exchange Process Oxygen Uptake: Oxygen from inhaled air passes into the bloodstream within the alveoli. CO2 Elimination: Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood back into the lungs, ready to be exhaled. Exhalation Mechanism The carbon dioxide-rich air is expelled from the lungs, up through the airway, and out of the mouth or nose. Diaphragm and Intercostal Muscles Underneath the lungs lies the diaphragm, a key muscle that facilitates breathing. The external and internal intercostal muscles also play a significant role in the respiratory process. Interesting Fact The diaphragm's involuntary contractions are responsible for hiccups, highlighting its importance in respiratory mechanics. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8765/The_Respiratory_System-01.jpg Yes 118 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/what-is-asthma- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4920.mp4 What is Asthma Asthma: An Overview Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that intermittently affects the airways and lungs, manifesting in varying degrees of severity. Identifying Asthma Triggers Common Triggers: Smoke and dust are typical triggers that can provoke asthma attacks. Effective Management of Asthma Adhering to prescribed treatments significantly reduces the risk of asthma attacks. Regular medical check-ups are essential to monitor and adjust treatment plans. Recognizing Warning Signs Immediate medical attention is crucial if there is a noticeable decline in respiratory health, as this could indicate the need for treatment modification or the presence of other health issues. Treatment Approaches Standard asthma treatment typically involves two types of inhalers, often blue and brown, although the color may vary by brand. More details on their anatomical effects and specific functions will be discussed later. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8761/What_is_Asthma-01.jpg Yes 77 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/paediatric-first-aid-kits https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/992.mp4 Paediatric First Aid Kits First Aid Kits: Essential Contents and Guidelines Overview of First Aid Kits In this video, we explore the essential contents of first aid kits, crucial for handling emergency situations effectively. Contents of a First Aid Kit Gloves: All first aid kits include vinyl or nitrile gloves, avoiding latex due to allergy concerns. Gloves are typically sealed for hygiene. Face Shield: Used for rescue breaths to protect against infection, featuring a valve for safe breathing. Plasters: Essential for minor injuries, available in various sizes. Maintain cleanliness and avoid contaminating the box. Gauze Pad and Micropore Tape: Used for larger wounds to cover and secure them in place. Tubular Bandages: Ideal for finger injuries, applied easily with an applicator and secured with micropore tape. Eye Pads: Used to cover eyes; take care as it can be unsettling for children. Pressure Dressings: For serious bleeding, ensure they are sterile and within expiry date. Moist Wipes: Used to clean small cuts or grazes. Triangular Bandages and Safety Pins: Used for slings or immobilisation; safety pins secure bandages. Saline Solution: Used to clean wounds or mop up blood. Blunt-Ended Scissors: Used to cut dressings safely. Storage and Safety Guidelines First aid kits should be: Accessible to first aiders but out of children's reach. Kept dry and in a dust-free environment. Stored in a clearly labelled, humidity-controlled area. Accompanied by a first aid guide and student manual for reference. Ensure all staff and parents are aware of the kit's location and contents. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2317/Paediattric_first_aid_kits.jpg Yes 384 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/strep-a-infections-in-children https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5851.mp4 Strep A Infections in Children Understanding Strep A Infections in Children Introduction to Strep A Infections In this video, we explore Strep A infections, a topic currently in the news. What are Strep A Infections? Strep A infections, also known as streptococcal infections, are caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus Pyogenes. These infections vary in severity, ranging from mild sore throats to potentially life-threatening conditions. Symptoms of Strep A Infections in Children Fever: One of the common symptoms. Sore throat: Often accompanied by pain. Swollen glands: Typically noticed in the neck. Red and swollen tonsils: Visible signs of infection. Additional symptoms: Stomach pain, headaches, and body rash. Complications of Untreated Strep A Infections If untreated, Strep A infections can lead to: Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs. Sepsis: A severe response to infection affecting the whole body. Kidney inflammation: Known as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Diagnosis and Treatment Parents should be vigilant about symptoms and seek medical advice promptly. Diagnosis involves: Rapid Strep Test: A quick diagnostic test performed by a doctor. Throat Culture: Another method to confirm the presence of Strep A bacteria. Treatment usually includes antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria and prevent complications. It's crucial for children to complete the entire course of antibiotics prescribed, even if they feel better. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/10436/Strep_A_Infections_in_Children-01.jpg Yes 83 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/initial-assessment-and-recovery-position---paediatric https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4265.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position - Paediatric Initial Assessment and the Recovery Position In this film, we will look at the initial assessment of a casualty and how to place someone into the recovery position safely and correctly. Calling for Help If someone is with you and the situation requires it, ask them to call the emergency services immediately. If you are alone, continue with your assessment first and then call for help as soon as it is safe to do so. You may also be able to shout for help to attract the attention of others nearby. Check for Response Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess them. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Check for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Quickly look into the mouth for any visible obstruction With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing, you must call the emergency medical services immediately and begin CPR. If they are breathing normally, CPR is not required. When the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing: Send someone to call an ambulance, ensuring they return and tell you when help is on the way Your priority becomes maintaining an open airway and preventing choking Head-to-Toe Check If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe assessment before moving the casualty. Gently feel the shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If you find no signs of significant injury, the casualty can be placed into the recovery position. Placing the Casualty into the Recovery Position Ensure the casualty is lying on their back with their legs straight and together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the leg as a lever and supporting the head and airway, gently roll the casualty onto their side, facing you Once in position: Check that the airway is open Ensure the casualty is breathing normally Adjust the legs to help maintain stability Ongoing Care From this point, your role as a first aider is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they are unconscious Monitor their breathing continuously If you are alone and need to leave to get help: Check that they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised or fluid is present in the mouth, the recovery position may still be required If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect the airway Key Points to Remember Introduce yourself and check for response Open the airway and check for breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor the casualty until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7665/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 208 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/signs-and-symptoms-of-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/503.mp4 Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis Childhood Allergies and Anaphylactic Reactions Common Childhood Allergies Food Allergies: Children often suffer from allergies to food substances like peanuts, with even a tiny trace capable of triggering a severe anaphylactic reaction. Quick Onset: Anaphylactic reactions usually occur rapidly, but in some cases, symptoms may take a few hours to manifest. Immediate EMS Activation: If you suspect an anaphylactic reaction, it is vital to call the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) without delay. Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis General Symptoms: General signs can include itchy, watery eyes, headaches, or a runny nose. Skin Problems: Skin-related symptoms encompass swelling of the face, lips, tongue, neck, or hands, itching, hives, rashes, or red skin. Breathing Problems: Respiratory issues consist of coughing, difficulty swallowing, rapid or noisy breathing, wheezing, or a burning sensation in the chest and throat. Severe breathing problems indicate a severe allergic reaction. Heart or Circulation Problems: Cardiovascular signs may involve an increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, excessive sweating, or cool and clammy skin. Mental Status Problems: Alterations in mental status can encompass confusion, agitation, hallucinations, fainting, or loss of consciousness. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1003/Signs_and_Symptoms_of_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/stabilising-the-spine https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5424.mp4 Stabilising the spine How to Immobilize a Suspected Spinal Injury Understanding the Importance Recognizing the significance of immobilizing the head in cases of suspected spinal injury is crucial. Any motion at this stage could potentially harm the spinal cord, resulting in life-altering disabilities or even fatality. Spinal injuries can arise from various incidents, including car accidents and falls. In this scenario, we will focus on addressing a potential spinal injury occurring on a sports field. Ensuring Airway Maintenance When dealing with a suspected spinal injury, it's imperative to act promptly while ensuring proper airway maintenance: Step 1: Assess the head's position and gently and gradually move it into a neutral alignment to secure the airway. Methods of Head Support There are three effective approaches to support the head without risking further injury: Method 1: Use your hands on either side of the head to hold it securely. Be mindful not to obstruct their ears, maintaining communication with clear direct speech to prevent unnecessary head movements. Method 2: Alternatively, you can support the head by positioning it between your knees on either side. This method reduces physical strain and allows for extended head support. Method 3: For prolonged head support, consider laying down on the floor while using your hands to cradle the head. This approach minimizes fatigue and ensures stable immobilization. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9653/Stabilising_the_spine_in_a_first_aid_emergency.jpg Yes 71 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/using-gloves-paed https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5052.mp4 Using gloves Proper Use of Gloves in First Aid: Minimising Infection Risk Fear of infection can discourage people from providing emergency first aid. Using gloves during first aid can help protect both the provider and the patient. Choosing the Right Gloves There are various types of gloves commonly used in first aid, including nitrile and vinyl gloves. Latex gloves are less common due to the risk of allergic reactions. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder making them easier to put on. However, some people may be allergic to the powder. Vinyl Gloves Vinyl gloves are often used in food preparation and are not very strong. They can tear easily, so it's essential to be cautious when putting them on. Nitrile Gloves Nitrile gloves are popular in first aid and come in different colours. Some organisations use specific colours for particular areas or purposes. These gloves are ambidextrous and fit on either hand. Putting on Gloves Before putting gloves on, remove any rings that may tear the glove and check for holes or tears. Put the gloves on carefully, as demonstrated in the video, and always check for any tears after putting them on. Changing and Disposing of Gloves When dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to avoid cross-contamination. BSI first aid kits typically include at least six pairs of gloves. Proper removal of gloves is crucial to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids. Remove them as demonstrated in the video and dispose of them in a biohazard bag or bin. Do not put them in general waste. Workplaces may have specific rules for disposing of gloves and other contaminated materials, so always check local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9007/Using_gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/hyperventilation2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1404.mp4 Hyperventilation Hyperventilation: Causes, Symptoms, and Management Understanding Hyperventilation An exploration of hyperventilation, a condition where the body expels more carbon dioxide than it produces, with both voluntary and involuntary triggers. Voluntary and Involuntary Hyperventilation Examining the two main categories of hyperventilation: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary Hyperventilation: Excessive breathing, often seen in practices like free diving, yoga, and medical procedures. Involuntary Hyperventilation: Occurs as a response to physical and emotional stimuli, stemming from various medical conditions and stress-related factors. Effects of Hyperventilation Discussing the consequences of hyperventilation, including physical symptoms and potential complications. Physical Symptoms: Dizziness, tingling lips, agitation, confusion, breathlessness, headaches, weakness, fainting, seizures, and muscle spasms. Complications: Shallow water blackout in free divers, respiratory alkalosis, and hyperventilation syndrome. Underlying Causes Identifying various triggers and conditions that lead to hyperventilation. Physical Triggers: High-altitude environments, pregnancy-related hormonal changes, head injuries, strokes, asthma, pneumonia, cardiovascular issues, anaemia, drug reactions. Psychological Triggers: Stress, anxiety, fear, pain, and emotional distress. Managing Hyperventilation Providing guidance on how to manage hyperventilation episodes and when to seek medical help. Initial Steps: Treat the underlying cause, especially in cases triggered by physical conditions. Breaking the Cycle: Recognise anxiety-driven hyperventilation, avoid re-breathing into a paper bag without medical advice, employ relaxation techniques, and breathing exercises. Assisting Patients: Encourage controlled breathing and provide reassurance; referral to a doctor may be necessary for underlying causes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2537/Hyperventilation-01.jpg Yes 204 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/sepsis-in-infants-and-children https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/6942.mp4 Sepsis in Infants and Children Sepsis: Recognise the Signs and Take Immediate Action Sepsis is a serious medical emergency that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. It can be difficult to identify, particularly in children and babies, as its symptoms often mimic other illnesses, such as flu or chest infections. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to saving lives. Signs of Sepsis in Babies and Children If you suspect that a baby or child may be showing signs of sepsis, trust your instincts and seek immediate medical help by calling 999 or heading to the nearest A&E without delay. Watch out for the following warning signs: Blue, grey, pale or blotchy skin, lips or tongue: In children with brown or black skin, this may be more noticeable on the palms of their hands or soles of their feet. A rash: That doesn’t fade when pressed with a glass, similar to the rash seen with meningitis. Breathing difficulties: Such as grunting, rapid breathing, or the stomach sucking in under the ribs. A high-pitched or weak cry: A cry that is not typical for them. Lack of responsiveness: Disinterest in feeding or not engaging in usual activities. Unusual sleepiness: Difficulty waking up or seeming excessively drowsy. Even if only one of these symptoms is present, it could indicate sepsis. Act immediately. Signs of Sepsis in Older Children and Adults In older children and adults, the following signs may indicate sepsis: Confusion or slurred speech: The person may not make sense or be aware of their surroundings. Blue, pale, grey or blotchy skin, lips, or tongue: For darker skin tones, check the palms or soles of the feet. Rash: A rash that does not fade when pressed with a glass. Breathing difficulties: Struggling to breathe, breathlessness, or very rapid breathing. As with children, they might not show every symptom. If you notice any of these signs, seek urgent medical attention. What to Do in Case of Sepsis If you or someone else is suspected of having sepsis, do not attempt to drive them to A&E. Instead, call 999 for an ambulance. While waiting for help, if possible, take any medications the person is currently on with you. Early medical intervention is essential. If You Are Unsure: Contact NHS 111 If you’re unsure whether it’s sepsis but still concerned, it’s always best to get medical advice. Call NHS 111 if: You or your child feel very unwell or you think something is seriously wrong. The person hasn’t urinated in the last 12 hours (for babies and young children) or hasn’t had a wee all day (for older children and adults). They are vomiting repeatedly and can’t keep food or fluids down. There is swelling, redness, or pain around a wound or cut. They have a very high or low temperature, feel hot or cold to the touch, or are shivering. It’s always better to seek help, even if you're not certain it’s sepsis. NHS 111 can guide you on what to do next, arrange for a doctor or nurse to call, or send an ambulance if necessary. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12486/Sepsis_in_Infants_and_Children-01.jpg Yes 150 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/giving-a-second-dose https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/511.mp4 Giving a second dose 💉 Using a Second Auto-Injector In some cases, one auto-injector may not be enough to treat a severe allergic reaction. A doctor may prescribe two auto-injectors based on the patient’s medical history, previous reactions, body size, or severity of allergy. However, not all patients are prescribed two, so it’s important to ask the patient directly if they carry two auto-injectors. 🕒 When to Use the Second Auto-Injector If the first auto-injector has been used and the casualty is no better or getting worse, a second dose may be given between 5 and 15 minutes later. After administering the first auto-injector, it's good practice to locate the second unit immediately in case it is needed. 💡 How to Use the Second Injector Auto-injectors are single-use only. The second dose should be given in the opposite leg to the first injection for the best chance of success. 🚑 Informing Paramedics Always tell the paramedics exactly what has been done – including the fact that two auto-injectors have been used. This information is vital, as paramedics may administer further medications upon arrival. 🧾 Storage and Expiry Tips If you are the patient and have been prescribed two auto-injectors: Store them together and according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Check the expiry dates regularly. Even if prescribed at the same time, expiry dates may differ between the two units. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1007/Giving_a_second_dose-01.jpg Yes 90 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/opening-the-airway-jaw-thrust https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7079.mp4 Opening the airway Jaw Thrust How to Open the Airway Using the Jaw Thrust Technique In this film, we will explore how to safely open an airway using the Jaw Thrust technique. This method is particularly valuable when you suspect a neck or spinal injury, or when a head-tilt, chin-lift is not appropriate. Why the Jaw Thrust Is Needed When a person becomes unresponsive, the muscles that keep the airway open relax. As a result, the tongue can fall back and block the airway, preventing air from moving in and out of the lungs. Maintaining an open airway is therefore essential for survival. The Jaw Thrust is ideal when you must avoid moving the neck, such as: Falls Road traffic collisions Sporting injuries Any situation where spinal injury is suspected It is also useful during CPR when maintaining a neutral head position is important. If spinal injury is not a concern, the head-tilt, chin-lift remains the simpler and preferred method. Step-by-Step: Performing the Jaw Thrust Technique Position yourself correctly.Kneel at the top of the casualty’s head in the “over-the-head position”. Ensure the casualty is lying on their back on a firm surface. Stabilise your arms.Rest your elbows on the surface beside the casualty’s head for stability. Place your index and middle fingers behind the angle of the lower jaw, just below the ears. Lift the jaw.Using a firm but gentle motion, lift the lower jaw upwards and forwards—towards the ceiling. Ideally, the lower teeth should move in front of the upper teeth. This action pulls the tongue away from the airway. Avoid moving the neck.Do not tilt or extend the head. The goal is to open the airway while keeping the neck in a neutral position. Check for breathing.Look for chest movement, listen for breathing, and feel for air movement on your cheek for no more than 10 seconds. Swap if needed.The Jaw Thrust can be tiring to hold. If possible, swap with another trained rescuer to maintain an effective airway. What to Do Next If the person is breathing normally: Maintain the airway using the Jaw Thrust until help arrives, or Place the person in the recovery position if spinal injury has been ruled out If the person is NOT breathing normally: Keep the airway open Start CPR immediately Why the Jaw Thrust Matters The Jaw Thrust is a vital lifesaving skill that helps maintain oxygen flow to the brain and heart in a suspected spinal emergency. When every second counts, knowing how to open an airway safely can make a crucial difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12824/Opening_the_airway_Jaw_Thrust.jpg Yes 153 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/signs-and-symptoms https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/575.mp4 Common causes of allergic reactions Common Allergens: Identifying Potential Triggers Understanding Allergens Introduction: We've previously explored allergens and their diverse nature. Wide-Ranging Allergic Reactions: Allergic individuals might react to multiple allergens, not limited to a single substance. Common Allergens Overview: Here are some of the most prevalent allergens: Insect Venom: Bites and stings from bees, wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets Foods: Nuts, shellfish, crustaceans, peanuts, milk, eggs, and chocolate Plants: Contact with poison ivy, poison oak, and exposure to pollen from ragweed and grasses Medications: Including penicillin, other antibiotics, aspirin, seizure medications, muscle relaxants, and over-the-counter remedies Other Substances: Dust, latex, glue, soaps, and make-up Understanding these common allergens is crucial in managing and preventing allergic reactions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/997/Common_causes_of_allergic_reactions-01.jpg Yes 57 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/who-is-affected https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/494.mp4 Minor allergic reactions Understanding Minor Allergic Reactions Exploring Minor Allergic Reactions Introduction: We've discussed full-blown anaphylactic reactions, but let's briefly delve into minor allergic reactions. Non-Respiratory Reactions: These reactions do not affect the respiratory system. Common Manifestations Skin Reactions: Minor reactions often manifest as skin issues, such as rashes or redness. Treatment Approach: They do not require the same treatment as anaphylactic reactions and can be managed differently. Treatment Methods Topical Solutions: Creams or topical treatments may suffice for affected skin areas. Medication Options: Patients may use medications like antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl, Allegra, Claritin) upon allergen exposure. Distinctive from Anaphylaxis: Minor reactions, such as hay fever, differ from the severe impact of anaphylactic reactions. Recognizing the Difference Importance of Distinction: Recognizing the disparity between major anaphylactic reactions and minor reactions is crucial. Seeking Guidance Consulting Healthcare Professionals: Consult your doctor or pharmacist for advice on both major and minor allergic reactions. Reputable Online Resources: If seeking information online, ensure it's from reputable and trusted sources, including websites of recognized non-profit organizations or charities. Remaining Vigilant Monitoring Minor Reactions: Even in minor reactions, vigilance is key, as they could potentially escalate. Emergency Response: If the patient's condition becomes concerning, activate emergency services promptly. Understanding minor allergic reactions is vital for proactive management. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1015/Minor_allergic_reactions-01.jpg Yes 104 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/introduction https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/492.mp4 About Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis: Understanding the Allergic Challenge The Timeless Presence of Anaphylaxis An Ongoing Issue: Contrary to common belief, anaphylaxis has a long history, but its significance has grown in recent years. Anaphylaxis Unveiled A Serious Allergic Reaction: Anaphylaxis is a severe form of allergic response, triggered by various means, including ingestion, inhalation, injection, or contact with allergenic substances. The Role of Allergens: An allergen is the substance responsible for the allergic reaction. Allergens are unique to individuals, and not everyone shares the same allergens. Diverse Reactions: While some may experience mild discomfort from a bee sting, those allergic to it face complex symptoms, sometimes leading to fatal consequences if not promptly treated. The Challenging Breathing: Persons facing anaphylaxis often encounter severe breathing difficulties, adding to the stress of the situation. The Role of Food Labeling Mandatory Allergen Disclosure: EU regulations since 2011 have mandated clear labeling of potential allergens in food products due to the rising prevalence of allergies and anaphylaxis. Identifying Allergenic Risks: These regulations enable consumers to assess food packaging for potential allergens, enhancing safety for those with allergies. Travel and Allergies: Notably, airline announcements about nut allergies illustrate the widespread impact of allergies and anaphylaxis in various domains. The Changing Home Environment Controlled Living Spaces: Modern homes maintain stable temperature and humidity levels compared to older, drafty residences. Reduced Early Exposure: This controlled environment limits early exposure to allergens, potentially hindering the development of natural antibodies. Links with Asthma: Anaphylaxis is intertwined with the escalating issue of asthma, compounding health challenges. Seeking Medical Assistance Prompt EMS Contact: Anaphylaxis rapidly progresses, necessitating immediate EMS contact, even if initial relief is provided by an auto-injector. The Soaring Prevalence A Growing Allergy Epidemic: In 2016, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology revealed that over 150 million Europeans grapple with chronic allergic conditions. Predictions estimate that by 2025, half of the EU population will be affected by such challenges. Stay informed about the evolving landscape of anaphylaxis. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/987/About_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 215 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/update-on-aed-pad-placement https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7111.mp4 Update on AED pad placement 2025 UK Resuscitation and ERC Guidelines on AED Pad Placement The latest 2025 Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC) updates have introduced important changes to the recommended placement of AED pads for adults, children, and infants. These updates are based on new evidence intended to improve the effectiveness of defibrillation and increase survival rates. Why AED Pad Placement Has Changed For many years, AED pads have included diagrams showing where to place them on the chest. However, with the release of the new guidelines, these diagrams may now be out of date. This is because AED pad manufacturers still hold large quantities of older stock, and it could take up to five years for all pads in circulation to reflect the updated placements. Until then, the diagram on the pad may not match the new recommended positions. For the best chance of a successful shock, you should follow the latest RCUK and ERC guidance, even if the printed diagram suggests something different. Updated AED Pad Placement for Adults For adults, the new recommended placement is: Left-side pad: Position this pad under the left armpit. This placement improves the pathway of the electrical shock across the heart. Right-side pad: This pad remains in the traditional position on the upper right chest. Important note for female casualties: avoid placing the right-side pad over breast tissue; adjust slightly if needed to maintain full contact with the skin. Updated AED Pad Placement for Children (Under 25 kg or Approx. Under 8 Years) For smaller children, the recommended placement has also changed: Front pad: Place it on the chest but slightly offset to the child’s left side, rather than directly centred. Back pad: The rear pad position remains the same as before. For older children and adolescents, AED placement remains the same as adult positioning (front and back, standard locations). New Guidance for Infants One of the most notable updates is the introduction of clear guidance on AED use for infants. Many rescuers may not have been taught this previously, but AEDs can and should be used on infants in cardiac arrest. The new recommended placement is: Back pad: Place one pad in the centre of the infant’s back. Front pad: Position the second pad on the chest, slightly offset to the infant’s left side. This placement ensures an effective shock pathway while accommodating the much smaller chest size of an infant. Key Takeaway Always follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines rather than relying solely on the diagrams printed on AED pads. These changes are designed to improve defibrillation effectiveness and provide the best possible outcome for the casualty. Whether you are treating an adult, a child, or an infant, knowing the correct AED pad placement can be life-saving. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12842/Update_on_AED_pad_placement.jpg Yes 83 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/using-an-aed-on-an-infant https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7080.mp4 Using an AED on an infant Using an AED on an Infant: UK Resuscitation Council 2025 Guidance Although infants very rarely experience a shockable heart rhythm, the use of an AED can still be lifesaving when cardiac arrest occurs. High-quality CPR remains the foundation of care. However, if an AED is available, it should be used without delay. Current guidance confirms that AEDs are safe to use on infants and should not be withheld when they are needed. Key Steps for Using an AED on an Infant Call for help immediately.As soon as you know the infant is not breathing, call 999. Ask a bystander to fetch an AED if one is available. Start CPR straight away.Begin CPR immediately. Do not delay compressions and rescue breaths while waiting for an AED. Continue CPR while preparing the AED.When the AED arrives, switch it on while CPR continues. Minimise any pauses while the pads are prepared and applied. Apply the AED pads. If paediatric pads are available, use them. If paediatric pads are not available, use adult pads. Do not delay defibrillation to wait for paediatric pads. Correct pad placement. Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the second pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back positioning ensures the heart sits between the pads. Follow the AED prompts.Allow the AED to analyse the heart rhythm. Make sure no one is touching the infant during analysis or shock delivery. Resume CPR immediately.If a shock is delivered, restart CPR straight away and continue for two minutes before the AED re-analyses. Continue until emergency services arrive or the infant shows signs of life. Why Speed Matters When an infant suffers cardiac arrest, every second counts. Early CPR, rapid AED use, and following the device prompts give the infant the best possible chance of survival. Important 2025 Guideline Updates AED use in infants is now explicitly included in the 2025 UK Resuscitation Council guidelines. Pad positioning has changed slightly. Some AED pad diagrams may still show a central chest position. For infants, the front pad should be placed slightly to the left side of the chest. Some AEDs may not mention infant use, but they are safe to use on infants when cardiac arrest is suspected. Key Message Start CPR quickly. Use the AED without hesitation. Follow the prompts. Prompt, confident action can make a lifesaving difference for an infant in cardiac arrest. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12826/Using_an_AED_on_an_infant.jpg Yes 142 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/adrenaline-nasal-spray-for-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7083.mp4 Adrenaline nasal spray for anaphylaxis MHRA Approves the First Needle-Free Adrenaline Nasal Spray for Anaphylaxis The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has approved a major new development in the treatment of severe allergic reactions. For the first time in the UK, a needle-free adrenaline nasal spray has been authorised for emergency use in cases of anaphylaxis — a sudden, severe, and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. A New Alternative to Traditional Adrenaline Auto-Injectors Until now, adrenaline for anaphylaxis has always been delivered by injection, typically using auto-injectors such as the EpiPen. These devices are highly effective, but for some people — particularly those with a strong fear of needles or who struggle to administer an injection during a crisis — they can present challenges. The newly approved nasal spray provides a needle-free, single-dose, ready-to-use alternative. Administered through the nostril, the spray delivers adrenaline rapidly into the bloodstream via the nasal mucosa. Who Can Use It? The spray is approved for: Adults Children weighing 30 kg or more (typically around 10 years old and above) Nasal Spray vs Adrenaline Auto-Injectors The MHRA has emphasised that this new nasal spray does not replace traditional adrenaline auto-injectors. Adrenaline pens remain vital, effective, and life-saving tools. Anyone who currently carries an auto-injector must continue to do so. Instead, the nasal spray adds an additional safe and effective option — particularly helpful for situations where injections are difficult, delayed, or distressing. Key Points to Know The spray can be used even if the casualty has a blocked or congested nose. People at risk of anaphylaxis should always carry two doses, regardless of whether they use a spray or an auto-injector. Family members, friends, colleagues, and teachers should know how to recognise anaphylaxis and administer treatment. MHRA Approval and Safety The decision follows a detailed review of clinical evidence showing that the nasal spray delivers adrenaline safely and effectively. This innovation marks an important advancement, making emergency treatment more accessible and user-friendly for people living with severe allergies. What to Do in Suspected Anaphylaxis Regardless of the type of adrenaline used, the priorities remain unchanged: Recognise the symptoms quickly Administer adrenaline without delay Call 999 immediately Continue to monitor and support the casualty until emergency help arrives This new needle-free adrenaline spray represents a significant step forward in emergency allergy treatment — offering greater choice, improved accessibility, and a potentially easier way to deliver life-saving care when every second counts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12832/Adrenaline_nasal_spray_for_anaphylaxis.jpg Yes 152 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/heat-emergencies-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/179.mp4 Heat emergencies Understanding Body Temperature Regulation Introduction The human body is remarkably adept at maintaining and regulating its temperature, even in extreme heat and cold conditions. It employs a combination of conscious actions and automatic mechanisms to achieve this balance. 1. Conscious Temperature Control Humans have the ability to consciously control their body temperature. Some methods include: Adjusting clothing: Adding or removing layers to suit the temperature. Seeking shade: Moving out of direct sunlight to stay cooler. Swimming: A refreshing activity to cool down on hot days. Indoor heating: Using heaters to warm up in colder environments. These actions are deliberate choices we make based on our surroundings. 2. Automatic Temperature Regulation Additionally, our bodies have an automatic thermostat that helps maintain temperature by: Adjusting circulation: Redirecting blood flow to conserve or release heat. Managing heartbeat: Increasing or decreasing heart rate to regulate temperature. Environmental control: Sweating to cool down or shivering to warm up. These mechanisms work seamlessly to keep our body temperature within a healthy range. 3. Heat Exhaustion Problems can arise when the body's thermostat malfunctions, particularly in extreme temperatures. Heat exhaustion is a common issue in hot conditions and manifests with symptoms such as: High body temperature Excessive sweating Rapid breathing General distress To treat heat exhaustion: Move the patient to a cooler environment. Provide small sips of water. Keep them calm and comfortable. 4. Heatstroke Heatstroke is a far more serious condition that occurs when the body's thermostat fails due to extreme heat. Signs of heatstroke include: Absence of sweating Dry skin Elevated body temperature Altered consciousness Do not give fluids to a heatstroke patient, as their body has stopped sweating. Immediate action is crucial: Cool the person down with cold, wet towels or a hose. Continuously monitor their respiration and consciousness. 5. Preventing Heat-Related Issues Dehydration is a common factor in heat-related problems. To avoid these issues: Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water when exposed to higher temperatures. Consider using electrolyte powders or pre-made drinks to maintain hydration, especially during strenuous activities in the heat. Proper hydration is essential for the body to effectively regulate its temperature. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/309/Heat_emergencies-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/rcuk-erc-resus-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7112.mp4 RCUK and ERC Resus Guidelines Why the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC Guidelines Matter The Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) set the official, evidence-based standards for CPR and first aid across the UK and Europe. These are the guidelines that every trainer, training provider, workplace, and first aider is expected to follow. All of our CPR and first aid courses are built around these trusted and regularly updated recommendations. What Is the Resuscitation Council UK? The Resuscitation Council UK is the nation’s leading authority on resuscitation science. It develops evidence-based guidelines covering: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Paediatric resuscitation (infants, children, adolescents) CPR guidance for both healthcare professionals and lay responders The RCUK ensures that the UK follows safe, consistent, clinically proven methods in all resuscitation training and emergency response. What Is the European Resuscitation Council? The ERC sets the Europe-wide standards for CPR and emergency care. It works closely with national bodies, including the Resuscitation Council UK, and contributes to global research through the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This collaboration ensures that CPR and first aid practices are aligned with the latest international scientific evidence. Why These Guidelines Are Important for You CPR and first aid guidance evolves as new evidence, clinical studies, and real-world data become available. These guidelines affect: What instructors teach during CPR and first aid courses How course content is structured The techniques you will learn and need to use during an emergency The recommended sequence of actions when someone collapses or stops breathing In short, the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC shape exactly how CPR and first aid should be performed to give someone the best chance of survival. Guidelines Backed by Extensive Research Each update is based on thousands of scientific papers, clinical reviews, expert analysis, and real-life experience. This means that when the RCUK and ERC release new recommendations, they represent the most effective and up-to-date approach to saving lives. The Latest Guidelines We Teach All of our courses follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines, released in late 2025 and scheduled for review in 2030. If you have trained with us before, you will notice some important changes—these updates are designed to: Increase survival rates in cardiac arrest Improve outcomes in first aid emergencies Ensure every rescuer uses the most effective, evidence-based methods What This Means for Learners Whether you are refreshing your skills or learning for the first time, these updated guidelines ensure you are trained to the highest and most current standards. In a real emergency, this knowledge can make the difference between life and death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12838/RCUK___ERC_Resus_Guidelines.jpg Yes 101 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/adolescent-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7110.mp4 Adolescent CPR How to Perform CPR on an Adolescent (13–18 Years) In this training film, we will cover how to perform CPR on an adolescent aged between 13 and 18 years. Although cardiac arrest in young people is less common than in adults, it can still occur due to breathing problems, traumatic injury, or sudden collapse. Delivering high-quality CPR is essential and can significantly improve their chance of survival. Initial Safety Checks Ensure the area is safe for both you and the adolescent before approaching. Gently shake their shoulder or tap it and call loudly: “Are you OK?” Calling for Help If they do not respond: Shout for help immediately. If you are alone, call 999 straight away, place the phone on speaker, and begin CPR without delay. The emergency call handler will guide you through the process. If someone else is available, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker if possible, and fetch an AED while you start CPR. Assessing Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre. Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If the adolescent is not breathing or their breathing is abnormal (gasping or irregular), start CPR immediately. Rescue Breaths Matter In adolescents, cardiac arrest often relates to breathing difficulties or trauma, which means rescue breaths are especially important. Give 5 Initial Rescue Breaths Seal your mouth over theirs. Pinch the nose closed. Blow gently for one second per breath and watch for the chest rising. Chest Compressions Deliver 15 chest compressions immediately after the initial breaths. Place your hands in the centre of the chest, on the upper half of the sternum between the nipples. Push down to a depth of 5-6cm. Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Aim to minimise any interruptions. Continue the CPR Cycle After the initial breaths and compressions, continue CPR following this pattern: 15 compressions 2 rescue breaths Repeat this cycle until help arrives or the adolescent begins to show signs of recovery. Using an AED on an Adolescent If an AED is available, switch it on immediately, even if you are partway through a CPR cycle. Continue CPR while attaching the pads. Follow the AED’s voice prompts. Use adult pads if paediatric pads are not available. Pad placement for adolescents is the same as for adults. When to Stop CPR Continue CPR until one of the following occurs: The adolescent starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as moving, speaking, or opening their eyes. The emergency services arrive and take over. You become physically unable to continue—if so, try to pass CPR on to someone else. High-quality CPR can make a critical difference in an adolescent’s chance of survival. Acting quickly and confidently is key. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12844/Adolescent_CPR.jpg Yes 168 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/introduction-to-paediatric-and-adult-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1384.mp4 Paediatric CPR Introduction Paediatric CPR: An Introduction In this section, we will look at paediatric CPR, which stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CPR is a life-saving skill used when someone is not breathing normally. This topic is covered across several short films. We will explain CPR for infants, children, and adolescents, before moving on to specific elements such as chest compressions, rescue breaths, and AED use. Paediatric Age Groups Explained For the purposes of CPR: Infants are defined as under 1 year old Children are aged from 1 to 12 years Adolescents are aged from 13 to 18 years You do not need to know the child’s exact age to start CPR. What matters most is using a technique that allows you to achieve effective chest compressions. Choosing the Right Compression Technique The method you use will depend on the size of the child and what you are physically able to do: If you can deliver compressions using two thumbs, treat them as an infant If two-thumb compressions are not possible, use one hand as you would for a child If one hand is not effective, you can use two hands The priority is always to deliver good-quality compressions. Do what feels safest and most effective for you. Working With Other Rescuers In this section, we will also cover: How to hand over CPR to a second rescuer safely and smoothly How to provide continuous chest compressions only when you are unable or unwilling to give rescue breaths Chest-compression-only CPR is still highly effective and is always better than doing nothing. Key Message You do not need to be an expert to save a child’s life. Acting quickly, using the technique you can manage, and continuing until help arrives gives the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2487/Paediatric_CPR_Introduction.jpg Yes 68 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/paediatric-triage---behaviour-breathing-and-body-colour-bbb https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7077.mp4 Paediatric triage - behaviour breathing and body colour BBB How to Quickly Assess an Unwell Child Using the BBB Approach The BBB Approach — Behaviour, Breathing, and Body Colour — is a simple and highly effective method for recognising a seriously unwell child. It helps you identify early warning signs before advanced monitoring or medical help arrives. This assessment method is based on the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC 2025 paediatric guidelines. 🔵 B1: Behaviour Start by observing how the child is acting. Behaviour often gives the earliest and clearest indication that something is wrong. Ask yourself: Are they alert, interactive, and behaving normally for their age? Concerning Behaviour Includes: Reduced consciousness or difficulty waking Floppiness or unusual stiffness Seizures or abnormal movements Confusion, agitation, or unusual behaviour Inconsolable crying Inability to move one or more limbs Sudden inability to speak or walk Appearing to be in severe pain Abnormal behaviour suggests that the brain may not be receiving enough oxygen, blood flow, or glucose, meaning urgent assessment is required. 🟢 B2: Breathing Next, assess how the child is breathing. Breathing changes are often seen in serious illness or injury. Warning Signs to Look For: Struggling to take a deep breath Working hard to breathe — fast breathing, grunting, flaring nostrils, or chest indrawing Extra noises such as wheezing or stridor Breathing that is too fast, too slow, or irregular Stopping breathing altogether Adopting an unusual posture to help breathing, such as leaning forward If any of these signs are present, treat the situation as an emergency. The child may be becoming tired or close to respiratory failure, so immediate support is essential. 🟡 B3: Body Colour Finally, examine the child's body colour to assess their circulation and oxygenation. Concerning Body Colour Signs: Cyanosis — blue or grey colouring of the lips, tongue, or fingertips Pale, ashen, or mottled skin Cool or unusually cold skin For darker skin tones, check lips, gums, or palms for changes These signs may indicate poor circulation, shock, or low oxygen levels and require urgent medical review. Understanding the BBB Triangle Think of the BBB assessment as a triangle where each side is linked: Behaviour reflects brain function Breathing reflects oxygen delivery Body Colour reflects circulation A problem in one can quickly affect the others. If two or more areas are abnormal, the child is likely to be seriously unwell and needs immediate medical help. Why the BBB Approach Matters The BBB assessment is a fast and reliable way to identify a sick child before their condition deteriorates. Always remember: Behaviour • Breathing • Body Colour If you are ever unsure, treat it as an emergency and get help straight away. Early recognition truly saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12820/Paediatric_triage_behaviour_breathing_and_body_colour_BBB.jpg Yes 206 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/using-an-aed-on-an-adolescent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7116.mp4 Using an AED on an adolescent CPR and AED Use for an Unresponsive Adolescent (Ages 13–18) If you find an adolescent aged 13 to 18 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, the resuscitation approach is slightly different from that used for adults. Acting quickly and confidently can make a life-saving difference. What to Do First If the adolescent is unresponsive and not breathing normally: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether they are breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speaker so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Straight Away In adolescents, cardiac arrest is often linked to breathing problems. For this reason: Begin with five rescue breaths. Then start chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to a depth of 5–6 cm. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. Do not stop CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on an Adolescent Use an AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy for smaller bodies. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Correct Pad Placement Ensure the chest is bare and dry. Place one pad on the top right side of the chest. Place the other pad under the left armpit. This is the same pad placement used for adults. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the adolescent. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The adolescent shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on adolescents. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival rates. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12894/Using_an_AED_on_an_adolescent.jpg Yes 143 https://www.propaediatric.co.uk/training/tquk/video/burns-kits https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/424.mp4 Burns and burn kits Dealing with Burns: First Aid Guide Understanding Burn Types Burns can occur through various means, including contact with hot objects, steam, chemicals, electricity, or sun exposure. Treating Burns: The General Rule The primary approach to treating burns is to cool the affected area under running water for a minimum of 20 minutes or by gently pouring cool water over the burn for the same duration. This thorough cooling helps prevent further damage and ensures the skin is adequately cooled. When Running Water Isn't Available In situations without access to running water, burn kits become valuable. These kits are commonly found in kitchens and areas with an elevated risk of burn injuries. Burn dressings found in these kits are gel-based, designed to cool the burn without adhering to the injured area. Maintaining Cleanliness Handling burns requires utmost care, as they compromise the body's natural infection barrier. Therefore, it's crucial to maintain strict cleanliness when dealing with burns. Understanding Burn Severity Burns can vary in intensity and fall into different categories: Superficial burn: Affects the outer skin layer, typically caused by brief contact with heat sources like irons or flames. Symptoms include redness and pain. Partial-thickness burn: Involves damage to both the outer skin layer and part of the second layer, resulting in blisters, redness, swelling, and pain. Full-thickness burn: Affects all skin layers, potentially causing pain or nerve damage, sometimes leading to a lack of pain sensation. Note: Burns can also be a combination of partial and full thickness, with varying severity across the affected area. Factors to Consider Several factors influence burn injuries: Patient's age: Young and elderly individuals typically have thinner skin, making them more susceptible to burns. Location of the burn: The burn's location on the body can impact its severity. Assessing Burn Size For assessing burn size, the "Rule of Nines" is commonly used: Hand: 1% Head: 9% Front of the body: 18% Back of the body: 18% Each leg: 18% Each arm: 9% The burn's severity depends on the percentage of the body affected, as calculated using the Rule of Nines and the burn's thickness (partial or full). This calculation is essential for informing Emergency Services about the situation. First Aid Solutions Various dressings and first aid solutions for burns are available, including burn wrap and special dressings, gels, and sprays. These products are designed to protect and soothe burn injuries. Dealing with Burned Clothing If clothing is stuck to a burn, avoid peeling it off. Instead, carefully cut around the affected area when necessary to prevent further damage. Additional Burn Kit Items Common items found in burn kits include safety scissors for cutting clothing, gloves for protection, and saline solution for cleansing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/795/Burns_and_Burns_Kits-01-8CC3131DF1.jpg Yes 528